Utah SB54 Motion for Summary Judgment

8/20/2019 Utah SB54 Motion for Summary Judgment

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PARKER DOUGLAS (8924)Utah Federal Solicitor

DAVID N. WOLF (6688)

THOMAS D. ROBERTS (2773)KYLE J. KAISER (13924)

Assistant Utah Attorneys General

OFFICE OF THE UTAH ATTORNEY GENERAL

350 North State Street, Ste. 230P.O. Box 142320

Salt Lake City, Utah 84114-2320

Telephone: (801) 538-9600

Facsimile: (801) 538-1121E-mail: [email protected]

E-mail: [email protected]

E-mail: [email protected]: [email protected]

Counsel for Defendants

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF UTAH, CENTRAL DIVISION

UTAH REPUBLICAN PARTY,

Plaintiff,

CONSTITUTION PARTY OF UTAH, a

registered political party of Utah,

Plaintiff and Intervenor,

v.

GARY R. HERBERT, in his Official Capacityas Governor of Utah, and SPENCER J. COX,

in his Official Capacity as Lieutenant Governorof Utah,

Defendants.

DEFENDANTS’ MOTION FORSUMMARY JUDGMENT AND

MEMORANDUM IN SUPPORT

Case No. 2:14-cv-00876-DN-DBP

Judge David Nuffer

Magistrate Judge Dustin B. Pead

Case 2:14-cv-00876-DN-DBP Document 162 Filed 09/21/15 Page 1 of 31

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. vi

II. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................... vii

III. STATEMENT OF ELEMENTS AND UNDISPUTED FACTS ..................................... viii

A. Elements of Claims ........................................................................................................... viii

B. Undisputed Facts: ................................................................................................................ x

Registered Political Parties ................................................................................................ xi

Qualified Political Parties ................................................................................................ xiii

Senate Bill 207 and Party Membership ........................................................................... xiv

Trademark Claims ............................................................................................................ xvi

IV. SUMMARY JUDGMENT STANDARD ....................................................................... xvii

V. ARGUMENT ....................................................................................................................... 1

A. The Constitution Party of Utah’s Facial Challenge Fails Because There Is A

Constitutional Outcome Under the Statute. ......................................................................... 1

B. The Parties’ As-Applied Challenges To The Statute Are Not Supported By Evidence. ..... 3

C. The Statute Does Not Force the Parties to Associate With Non-Party Members. .............. 5

D. The Statute Is Narrowly Drawn To Advance Compelling State Interests. .......................... 9

VI. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................. 13



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TABLE OF AUTHORITIES

Cases

Alaskan Independence Party v. Alaska,

545 F.3d 1173 (9th Cir. 2008) ...................................................................................... 10, 11, 12

Am. Party of Tex. v. White,

415 U.S. 767 (1974) .................................................................................................................. 11 Anderson v. Celebrezze,

460 U.S. 780 (1983) ............................................................................................................... ix, 9

Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc.,477 U.S. 242 (1986) ............................................................................................................... xviii

Bones v. Honeywell Int'l, Inc.,

366 F.3d 869 (10th Cir. 2004) ........................................................................................... xviii, 5 Boyett v. County of Washington,

282 Fed. Appx. at 679 ....................................................................................................... xviii, 5

Broadrick v. Oklahoma,413 U.S. 601 (1973) .................................................................................................................... 2

Burdick v. Takushi,

504 U.S. 428 (1992) ............................................................................................................... ix, 9

Cal. Democratic Party v. Jones,530 U.S. 567 (2000) .................................................................................................................. 11

Celotex Corp. v. Catrett ,

477 U.S. 317 (1986) ....................................................................................................... xvii, xviii

Clingman v. Beaver ,544 U.S. at 599 (2005) .............................................................................................................. 11

Colo. Right To Life Comm. v. Coffman,

498 F.3d 1137 (10th Cir. 2007) ........................................................................................... viii, 4 Eu v. S.F. County Democratic Cent. Comm.,

489 U.S. 214 (1989) .................................................................................................................. 12

Greenville Cnty. Republican Party Exec. Comm. v. South Carolina,

824 F. Supp. 2d 655 (D.S.C. 2011) ............................................................................................. 8 Hagelin for President Comm. of Kansas v. Graves,

25 F.3d 956 (10th Cir. 1994) ..................................................................................................... ix

Lightfoot v. Eu,964 F.2d 865 (9th Cir.1992) ............................................................................................... 11, 12

Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corp.,

475 U.S. 574 (1986) ............................................................................................................... xviii

Miller v. Brown,

503 F.3d 360 (4th Cir. 2007) .............................................................................................. 6, 7, 8

New York State Bd. of Elections v. Lopez Torres,

128 S.Ct. at 798 ......................................................................................................................... 11



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Norman v. Reed ,502 U.S. 279 (1992) ............................................................................................................... ix, 9

Phillips v. Calhoun,

956 F.2d 949 (10th Cir. 1992) ........................................................................................... xviii, 5Sabri v. United States,

541 U.S. 600 (2004) .................................................................................................................... 2

Scott v. Harris,

550 U.S. 372 (2007) ........................................................................................................... xviii, 1

Self v. Crum,

439 F.3d 1227 (10th Cir. 2006) ......................................................................................... xviii, 5

Tashjian v. Republican Party of Conn.,

479 U.S. 208 ............................................................................................................................. 12Timmons v. Twin Cities Area New Party,

520 U.S. 351 (1997) ........................................................................... viii, ix, xii, xiv, xvi, xvii, 4

United States v. Salerno,481 U.S. 739 (1987) ............................................................................................................. viii, 2

United States v. Simons,

129 F.3d 1386 (10th Cir. 1997) .............................................................................................. xviiWard v. Utah,

398 F.3d 1239 (10th Cir. 2005) .................................................................................................. 2

Washington State Grange v. Washington State Republican Party,

552 U.S. 442 (2008) .................................................................................................... viii, ix, 2, 4

Statutes

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-6-301(2) ................................................................................................. xiiiUtah Code Ann. § 20A-8-101(4) ................................................................................................... xi

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-8-101(5) .................................................................................................. xv

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-101(12)(a) .................................................................................... vii, x, 6Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-101(12)(a)-(d) ..................................................................................... xiii

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-101(e) .................................................................................................... x

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-403 ..................................................................................................... x, 6

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-403(1)(b)....................................................................................... xii, xiiiUtah Code Ann. § 20A-9-403(2)(a)(i) ........................................................................................... xi

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-403(2)(a)(ii) .......................................................................................... xi

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-403(2)(b)............................................................................................... xiUtah Code Ann. § 20A-9-403(3)(b)-(4)(a)(i) ............................................................................... xii

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-403(5)(a) .............................................................................................. xii

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-403(8) .................................................................................................. xvUtah Code Ann. § 20A-9-405 ....................................................................................................... xii

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-406 ......................................................................................................... x

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-406(5) ................................................................................................. xiii

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-407 ...................................................................................................... xivUtah Code Ann. § 20A-9-408(1) ................................................................................................. xiv



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Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-408(8) ................................................................................................. xivUtah Code Ann. §§ 20A-9-101 .................................................................................................. vi, 6

Utah Code Ann. §§ 20A-9-201(1) ............................................................................................... xiv

Utah Code Section 20-9-403 .......................................................................................................... xiUtah Code Title 20A ....................................................................................................................... x

Utah Code title 20A, chapter 8 ...................................................................................................... xi

Rules

Fed. R. Civ. P 56 ........................................................................................................... vi, xvii, xviii



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Pursuant to DUCivR 56-1 and Fed. R. Civ. P 56, Defendants Utah Governor R. Gary

Herbert and Utah Lieutenant Governor Spencer J. Cox (“Defendants”), through counsel, move

the Court for summary judgment and submit their memorandum in support.

I. INTRODUCTION

The Utah Republican Party and the Constitution Party of Utah (collectively referred to

herein as “Plaintiffs” or the “Parties”) have sued Defendants, seeking an order from this Court

declaring portions of Utah Code Ann. §§ 20A-9-101 to -701 (the “statute”) unconstitutional.

Plaintiffs further allege that the statute infringes on their trademark.1 Defendants are entitled to

summary judgment on Plaintiffs’ facial challenge because Plaintiffs have not shown that the

statute is unconstitutional under every set of circumstances. Defendants are entitled to summary

judgment on Plaintiffs’ as-applied challenge because 1) Plaintiffs have not presented any

evidence in support of their claims that the statute severely burdens their First Amendment rights

of free association; 2) the statute does not force the parties to associate with non-party members

and, thus, does not severly burden the Parties’constitutional rights; and 3) even if the Court

concludes that the statute severely burdens the Parties’ constitutional rights, the statute is

narrowly drawn to advance compelling state interests.

1 Defendants incorporate by reference its arguments made in Defendants’ Motion for Partial

Judgment on the Pleadings and Memorandum of Law in Support (doc. 64) regarding the Parties’

trademark claims, and for those reasons, urge the Court to grant summary judgment.


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II. BACKGROUND

The Parties claim the statute violates their first amendment rights of association and free

speech. This Court is quite familiar with the legal issues presented by the allegations contained

in Plaintiffs’ Complaints. These issues were briefed and presented to the Court during its careful

consideration of the Utah Republican Party’s amended motion for preliminary injunction.2 A

hearing was held on the Republican Party’s motion, the parties thoroughly briefed the issues,3

and the Court heard oral argument on April 10, 2015. After a thorough review and consideration

of the evidence and memoranda submitted by the parties, the Court denied the Republican

Party’s amended motion for preliminary injunction. In denying the Utah Republican Party’s

amended motion for preliminary injunction, the Court stated:

As I've said before, this is a case I believe in which it cannot be said that no set of

circumstances would result in a constitutional outcome under this statute. Thereare constitutional outcomes under this statute. Therefore, if it had been pled, a

facial challenge would have failed. . . . . [B]ecause the party has not elected the

QPP route, which in my view is the only possible unconstitutional burden and

outcome, we're not ripe for an as applied challenge.4

The Court further narrowed the issues in this case by concluding that Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-

101(12)(a)5 is “potentially the only severe burden” that exists within the statutory scheme.

6

2 Additional background information related to the statute at issue, the parties’ claims and

applicable defenses is set forth in Defendants’ brief in opposition to the Utah Republican Party’sAmended Motion for Preliminary Injunction (doc. 71). Defendants incorporate herein, doc. 71

in its entirety.3 Plaintiff and Intervenor, the Constitution Party of Utah (“Constitution Party”), did not join inthe Utah Republican Party’s preliminary injunction motion. The Constitution Party chose to

participate in the Motion on only a limited basis.4 Transcript of April 10, 2015 Hearing (“Hrg. Transcript”) 122:15-25 (doc. 117) (emphasis

added).5 Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-101(12)(a) defines a Qualified Political Party (“QPP”) as “a

registered political party that permits voters who are unaffiliated with any political party to vote

for the registered political party’s candidates in a primary election.”


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The Court appropriately recognized that its ruling was “a preliminary Ruling”7 However,

the Court further commented that, despite the preliminary nature of its ruling, the Court was “not

likely to see much change in the case going forward.”8 The Court’s prediction concerning the

state of the evidentiary record was correct. Other than certifying their intent to be Qualified

Political Parties during the 2016 elections, the Parties have not developed additional relevant

evidence since the Court heard the Utah Republican Party’s motion for preliminary injunctive

relief. The Parties did not designate any expert witnesses. The period of time for designating

expert witnesses and conducting discovery has expired.9

III. STATEMENT OF ELEMENTS AND UNDISPUTED FACTS

A. Elements of Claims

1. Facial Challenge: To succeed in a facial attack “the challenger must establish

that no set of circumstances exists under which the Act would be valid”— an onerous burden,

making it “the most difficult challenge to mount successfully.”10

2. As Applied Challenge: “[A]n as-applied challenge tests the application of [the

statute’s] restriction[s] to the facts of a plaintiff's concrete case.”11

A plaintiff that brings an as-

applied challenge, must develop an “evidentiary record against which to assess their

assertions…”12

6 Hrg. Transcript at 126-127 (doc. 117) (emphasis added).7 Id. at 120:11-12.

8 Id. at 120:15-16.

9 See doc. 43 ¶¶ 4a and 5a.

10 United States v. Salerno, 481 U.S. 739, 745 (1987).

11 Colo. Right to Life Comm. v. Coffman, 498 F.3d 1137, 1146 (10th Cir. 2007).

12 Washington State Grange v. Washington State Republican Party, 552 U.S. 442, 455 (2008)

(citing and adopting Timmons v. Twin Cities Area New Party, 520 U.S. 351, 375-76 (1997)


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The United States Supreme Court has further explained that:

A court considering a challenge to a state election law must weigh the character and

magnitude of the asserted injury to the rights protected by the First and FourteenthAmendments that the plaintiff seeks to vindicate against the precise interests put

forward by the State as justifications for the burden imposed by its rule, taking intoconsideration the extent to which those interests make it necessary to burden the

plaintiff’s rights.13

Thus, the severity of the burden that the regulation imposes as measured against the asserted

constitutional rights will determine the level of scrutiny the Court applies:

Under this standard, the rigorousness of our inquiry into the propriety of a state

election law depends upon the extent to which a challenged regulation burdens theFirst and Fourteenth Amendment rights. Thus, as we have recognized when thosewere subjected to ‘severe’ restrictions, the regulation must be ‘narrowly drawn to

advance a State interest of compelling importance.’ But when a state election law

provision imposes only ‘reasonable, non-discriminatory restrictions’ upon the Firstand Fourteenth Amendment rights of voters, ‘the State’s important regulatory

interests are generally sufficient to justify’ the restrictions.14

Therefore, in this case, to succeed on their as applied challenge Plaintiffs must first present

“concrete” evidence demonstrating that their First Amendment rights are severely burdened by the

statute. If, based on the evidence presented, the Court determines the statute imposes a severe

burden on the Parties, the Court should strike down the offending portion of the law unless it

advances a “compelling” state interest in a “narrowly tailored” manner.15

However, if based on the

(Stevens J., dissenting) (“rejecting judgments based on ‘imaginative theoretical sources of voterconfusion’ and ‘entirely hypothetical’ outcomes.”) 13

Burdick v. Takushi, 504 U.S. 428, 434 (1992) (internal quotations omitted).14 Id. (citing and quoting Norman v. Reed , 502 U.S. 279, 289 (1992); Anderson v. Celebrezze,460 U.S. 780, 788 (1983)).15

Washington State Grange, 552 U.S. at 451 (quoting Clingman v. Beaver , 544 U.S. 581, 586-87

(2005)) (“Election regulations that impose a severe burden on associational rights are subject to

strict scrutiny, and we uphold them only if they are ‘narrowly tailored to serve a compelling stateinterest.’”); Timmons, 520 U.S. at 358 (“Regulations imposing severe burdens on plaintiffs'

rights must be narrowly tailored and advance a compelling state interest.”); Hagelin for

President Comm. of Kansas v. Graves, 25 F.3d 956, 959 (10th Cir. 1994) (“When a ballot access


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10/37

x

evidence presented the law imposes a lesser burden, the Court must uphold the proposal so long as it

is justified by merely “important regulatory interests.”16

B. Undisputed Facts:

1. Senate Bill 54 (“SB54”), enacted by the Utah State Legislature in the 2014

General Session, modified the Utah Election Code as it relates to the nomination of candidates,

primary and general elections, and ballots.17

The sections of the Utah Code that are affected by

SB54 include: 20A-1-102, 20A-1-501, 20A-5-101, 20A-6-301 through 305, 20A-9-101m 20A-9-

202, 20A-9-403, and 20A-9-701.

2. The statute provides political parties with the choice as to whether they wish to

become “Registered Political Parties” (“RPP”)18

or “Qualified Political Parties” (“QPP”).19

3. On July 7, 2015, the Constitution Party of Utah certified to the Lt. Governor, its

intent to become a Qualified Political Party as defined in Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-101(12)(a).20

4. On August 17, 2015, the Utah Republican Party certified to the Lt. Governor, its

intent to nominate candidates in 2016 in accordance with Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-406, which

sets forth the requirements and exemptions for Qualified Political Parties.21

law severely restricts First and Fourteenth Amendment rights, it must be ‘narrowly drawn to

advance a state interest of compelling importance.’”).16

Timmons, 520 U.S. 351 at 358 (1997). 17

See S.B. 54, 2014 Gen. Sess., (amending portions of Utah Code Title 20A, chs., 1, 5, 6, 9, and

enacting portions of Utah Code Title 20A chs. 1, 9.) A copy of the session law is attached asExhibit 1 to the Republican Party’s Amended Motion for Preliminary Injunction (doc. 13-1).18

See Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-403. 19

See Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-406. 20

See correspondence from C. Simonsen to M. Thomas, dated July 7, 2015, attached hereto asEx. A.21

See correspondence from J. Evans to Lt. Gov. Cox, dated August 17, 2015, attached hereto as

Ex. B. The Utah Republican Party acted pursuant to Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-101(e), a statute


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Registered Political Parties

1. Pursuant to Utah Code title 20A, chapter 8, an RPP is an organization of voters

that: participated in the last regular general election and in at least one of the last two regular

general elections, polled a total vote for any of its candidates for any office equal to 2% or more

of the total votes cast for all candidates for the United States House of Representatives in the

same regular general election; or has complied with the petition and organizing procedures of

Utah Code title 20A, chapter 8.22

2.

To qualify to nominate candidates for an upcoming election, an RPP must comply

with Utah Code Section 20-9-403. Section 20-9-403 requires an RPP to “either declare [its]

intent to participate in the next primary election, or declare that the [RPP] chooses not to have

the names of its candidates for elected office featured on the ballot at the next general

election.”23

This is done by filing a statement with the Lt. Governor no later than 5 p.m. on

November 15 of the preceding odd-numbered year.24

3. If an RPP chooses to participate in the election nomination process, it must also

identify one or more registered parties whose members may vote for its candidates and whether

or not unaffiliated voters may vote for their candidates.25

4. A participating RPP determines who may vote “for the registered political parties’

candidates” in the party’s primary elections .26

that does not exists. Nevertheless, because the Utah Republican Party referenced Utah Code

Ann. § 20A-9-406, which governs Qualified Political Parties, the Lt. Governor has interpreted

the Utah Republican Party’s certification as opting to become a QPP. 22

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-8-101(4). 23

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-403(2)(a)(i). 24

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-403(2)(b). 25

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-403(2)(a)(ii).


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5. Earlier this year, the Utah election code was amended to clarify that any candidate

seeking an RPP’s nomination must be a member of the registered political party to appear as the

candidate in the party’s primary election, except to the extent the RPP permits otherwise under

the RPP’s bylaws.27

6. Thus, candidates of an RPP must be members of the RPP.28

7. A candidate for elective office seeking the nomination of a registered political

party may gain access to that party’s primary ballot by demonstrating they have a reasonable

amount of party voters’ support by completing a nomination petition process and obtaining

certification.29

8. Only party members, and those registered voters a party permits, are allowed to

sign a nomination petition.30

9. If an RPP chooses to have the State feature the names of its candidates for

elective office with the party’s affiliation on the ballot at a regular general election, then the RPP

must comply with the requirements of section 20A-9-403 of the Utah Election Code and

“nominate its candidates for elective office in the manner prescribed in [that] section.”31

10. The statute provides, in pertinent part, that “candidates . . . receiving the highest

number of votes cast for each office at the regular primary election are nominated by their

registered political party for that office.”32

26 Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-403(2)(a)(ii).

27 Senate Bill 207 Enrolled Copy, l. 618-632 (doc. 69-7).

28 Id. at 1.618-632

29 See Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-403(3)(b)-(4)(a)(i); Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-405.

30 Senate Bill 54 (2014) Frequently Asked Questions, (doc. 69-5, p. 6, ¶ 2.8).

31 Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-403(1)(b)

32 Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-403(5)(a).


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11. The Utah Election Code allows the names of the party’s candidates for elective

office to be featured with party affiliation on the ballot at a regular general election.33

12. The candidate who receives the most votes in the party’s primary election is listed

on the general election ballot as the Party’s nominee: “Each election officer shall ensure that:(a)

each person nominated by any registered political party under Subsection 20A-9-202(4) or

Subsection 20A-9-403(5), and no other person, is placed on the ballot: (i) under the registered

political party's name and emblem, if any; or (ii) under the title of the registered political party as

designated by them in their certificates of nomination or petition, or, if none is designated, then

under some suitable title; (b) the names of all unaffiliated candidates that qualify as required in

Title 20A, Chapter 9, Part 5, Candidates not Affiliated with a Party, are placed on the ball ot”34

Qualified Political Parties

1. A QPP is a registered political party that: a) allows voters who have not registered

with a political party (“unaffiliated voters”) to vote for their party’s candidates in a primary

election; b) permits a delegate of its party to vote on a candidate’s nomination in the party’s

convention remotely, or provides a procedure for designating an alternative delegate; c) does not

hold the party’s convention before April 1 of an even year; and d) permits members of its own

party to seek nomination by either or both of the following methods: 1) seeking nomination

through the party’s convention process or 2) collecting the requisite number of signatures on a

nominating petition.35

33 Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-403(1)(b) (emphasis added); see also Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-

406(5). 34

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-6-301(2). 35

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-101(12)(a)-(d).


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2. Thus, under the QPP provisions, there are two tracks for a person to become a

candidate for placement on the primary ballot: 1) the convention nomination track; and 2) the

signature gathering nomination track. Under both of those tracks the statute limits candidates to

members of the party.36

3. On the convention nomination track, the statute sets forth the “requirements for a

member of a qualified political party who is seeking the nomination of a qualified political

party.”37 The remaining provisions of that section refer specifically to “a member of a qualified

political party.”

4. The signature gathering nomination track for the QPP, is similarly limited to

members of the Party and those individuals the Party permits to participate. The statute describes

“the requirements for a member of a qualified political party who is seeking nomination of the

qualified political party” under that signature gathering track.38 The statute restricts who may be

a candidate to “a member of a qualified political party.”39 And the statute limits those who may

sign nominating petitions to “registered voters . . . who are permitted by the qualified political

party to vote for the qualified political party’s candidate in a primary election.”40

Senate Bill 207 and Party Membership

1. Senate Bill 207 (“SB 207”) was signed into law on March 27, 2015. SB 207

further clarifies Utah’s Election Code.

36 Utah Code Ann. §§ 20A-9-201(1), 407(1), -408(1); see also Senate Bill 207 Enrolled Copy, l.

618-632 (doc. 69-7).37

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-407. 38

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-408(1); see also Senate Bill 207 Enrolled Copy, l. 621-632.39

Id.; see also; Senate Bill 54 (2014): Frequently Asked Questions, ¶ 3.6 (doc. 82-4). 40

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-408(8). The statute further limits those who may sign petitions to

residents of the State, Senate district, House district, or county area. The residency requirements

differ depending on the office the candidate seeks. See id.


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2. Among other things, SB 207 clarified that “[b]efore filing a declaration of

candidacy for election to any office, a person shall state:

(i) the registered political party of which that person is a member;

(ii) or that the person is not a member of a registered political party.”41

3. SB 207 further provides that “an individual may not:

(iii) file a declaration of candidacy for a registered political party of which the

individual is not a member, except to the extent that the registered political

party permits otherwise in the registered political party’s bylaws.”42

4. Accordingly, Utah’s Election Code allows political parties to decide whether a

candidate seeking the party’s nomination must be a member of the party.

5. Membership in the Utah Republican Party “is open to any resident of the State of

Utah who registers to vote as a Republican.”43

6. To be a member of the Constitution Party of Utah, in good standing, a person

must 1) “[d]eclare agreement with principles set forth in the platform of the Constitution Party of

Utah;” and 2) “[d]eclare membership by voter registration in the party” and be “a resident of

Utah.”44

7. The Parties, not the State, determine the requirements for party membership.45

41 Senate Bill 207 Enrolled Copy, l. 618-625 (doc. 69-7).42

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-403(8); Senate Bill 207 Enrolled Copy, l. 626-632 (doc. 69-7).43

See Utah Republican Party Constitution, Art. I (C) (doc. 13-3) 44

See Constitution Party of Utah Constitution and Bylaws Art. IV (A) and (B) (doc. 30-1). 45

Utah state law defines a “State political party” as “. . . all of the persons in Utah who, under

definitions established by the state political party, are members of the re

Utah SB54 Motion for Summary Judgment

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