USSR VS USA Communism Government is run by 1 party Socialism-wealth is shared Government controls economics Speech and Press is controlled by Gov Encourage Equality Encourage work for the community Democracy Political parties compete for control of Gov Capitalism-wealth is kept by those who gain it People make their own economic decisions Freedoms of speech, press Competition Praise Work of individual
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USSR VS USA Communism Government is run by 1
party Socialism-wealth is shared
Government controls economics
Speech and Press is controlled by Gov
Encourage Equality
Encourage work for the community
Democracy Political parties compete
for control of Gov Capitalism-wealth is kept
by those who gain it People make their own
economic decisions
Freedoms of speech, press
Competition
Praise Work of individual
Discuss
Examples of how we see 4 of the principles mentioned in our everyday lives or in our government
THE COLD WAR
CH 12 Section 1THE PROGRSSION OF THE US vs USSR
After WWII Eastern & Western Allies grew apart.
Soviet Union feared capitalist West & Western Powers feared the communists of East. Europe lied in Ruin after WWII
The Alliances split
“an iron curtain has descended across the continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of central and eastern Europe… in the Soviet sphere and are all subject… to soviet influence… and increasing measure of control from Moscow.” (Winston Churchill)
Stalin responded to Churchill’s speech: “Mr. Churchill now stands in the position of a firebrand of war.”
White board
What does Churchill mean by an “Iron Curtain”
Soviets control East
Soviets forced E. Europe to form communist govts. to form Nations USSR liberated Communist buffer zone along Soviet western
border. U.S. promoted democratic & anti-
communist nations globally. Nations US liberated Democratic
The U.S. and USSRtwo superpowers. distrusted each other = beginnings
of the Cold War.
Containment-stop the spread of Communism
Truman Doctrine -$ nations to fight communism Civil war broke out in Greece, between communists
and anticommunist forces(US Funded). Marshall Plan (U.S. sec of state George C. Marshall)
program designed to rebuild prosperity & stability of war-torn Europe with US Money to prevent communist takeover & for humanitarian reasons.
USSR & E. European satellite states refused to participate. S.U. proposed COMECON, which failed.
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Boys. How are the Truman Doctrine and Marshall plan similar
Girls. How are the Truman Doctrine and Marshall plan different
Germany Divided
Germany & cap. city Berlin were both divided into four allied controlled zones (U.S, Britain, France & S.U.)
West. powers wanted to unify their 3 zones.
Soviets oppose & react blockading West Berlin in
attempt to forceentire city under Soviet rule.
West. powers responded w. successful Berlin Airlift.
1949, West Germany created (capital = Bonn) and East Germany created (capital = E. Berlin.)
Berlin Wall created 1961
Soviet Leader Nikita Krushchev ordered E. German govt. to build Berlin Wall, to stop E. Berliners escaping into W. Berlin.
This symbolized the Cold War.
12.1 B Alliances and Conflicts of the Cold War
China turns Communist In 1949, Mao Zedong’s communist forces
won the civil war in China. Chiang Kai-shek’s nationalist forces
fled to island of Taiwan.
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Why would the US fear China being Communist
THE NUCLEAR AGE & Space Race
In 1949, Soviets detonate an atomic bomb Soviets had spies in US
Nuclear arms race of M.A.D. had begun! By mid-1950’s both U.S. & S.U. developed H-bombs & I.C.B.M.s
In 1957, Soviets beat U.S. into space w. satellite Sputnik (the Space Race had begun.)
New alliances
In 1949, military alliance N.A.T.O. was created by west. powers.
In 1955, Soviets created Warsaw Pact.(communist block nations)
To stem Soviet aggression, U.S. became allied militarily w. 42 nations around world
White boards
What 2 events in 1949 caused the US to form military alliances?
Korean War 1950-53. – attempt to spread communism
1950 N. Korea (Communist) pass 38 parallel invade S.Korea
UN and US help defend South Gen Mac Arthur leader-
Elected Clement Attlee, Labour Party, new prime minister (beat Churchill & Conserv Party.)
passed National Insurance Act & National Health Service Act (for unemployed, sick & elderly.)
Socialized medicine and welfare state became model for most European states.(high cost) reduce expenses by dismantling British Empire Colonies given independence. Britain no longer a world superpower.
Germany & Japan “economic miracles:”
new factories due to devastation, spent little on military (depended on U.S.
for protection), Rebuilt infrastructure, got US aid & had
skilled, educated & motivated workers. both import of raw materials & food ,
export manufactured goods
European Economic Community created free-trade area (no tariffs) in W.
Europe. E. E. C. became world’s largest trading
bloc,
12.3 The US 1945-1970 Cold War Society
big increase in role of federal govt
Postwar economic boom = After WWII Americans had extra income & desire to buy goods,
growth of labor unions brought higher real wages.
GI Bill- payed for vets to go to college gaining better jobs
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Which groups of Americans did not have the same access to the American dream?
Red Scare- Fear of Communist
Red Scare = Soviets built atomic bomb, Communist takeover in China and American fighting N Korea
.
McCarthyism
Sen. Joseph R. McCarthy Accused American intellectuals, movie stars &military officials. Un true Individuals were blacklisted as “Communist
conspirators” (McCarthyism.) U.S. Senate condemned McCarthy in
1954
JFK & LBJ Democratic Presidents
youngest and first Catholic president in 1960. Assassinated in Dallas, Nov. 1963.
Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson took office and was reelected in 1964. L.B.J.’s policies known as the “Great Society”, included civil rights, health care for elderly, programs to combat poverty & federal assistance for education.
White Board
What other examples in history are like Mc McCarthyism?
Civil Rights 1950’s 60’s Supreme Court ruled that racial
segregation in public schools was illegal. (Brown V Board of Education
African Americans in the south, boycotted segregated buses (Rosa Parks), restaurants & public places.
In 1963, Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. led a peaceful civil rights march on Washington D.C. “I have a dream.” passive disobedience practiced by
Gandhi.
Civil Rights Laws
Civil Rights Act in 1964 legally ended segregation & discrimination in workplace & public places.
Voting Rights Act in 1965 removed voting barriers vs. minorities in south.
Discuss
How has the civil rights movement changed your life?
Assassination that Rock the Nations King’s assassination in 1968 sparked a
hundred riots throughout U.S., which in turn led to “white backlash.”
Robert Kennedy (brother of JFK), was for civil rights and against Vietnam War. assassinated two months after King.
Protests
In summer of 1965, high unemployment led to race riots in which 34 people were killed & buildings were torched in of L.A.
1970, four students killed at Kent State University by National Guard during anti-war protest.
Combination of riots and anti-war demonstrations caused many to call for “law & order.” Politics began toshift to political right w. election of Republican Richard Nixon.
Women
women traditional roles of homemakers - “baby boom” 40s and 50’s.
Late 1950’s Married women returned to workforce. However, women earned less
By late 60s, women’s liberation movement. Equal rights Simone de Beauvior The Second Sex,
male-dominated societies treated women as second-class citizens
13.1 The End of the Cold War “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!”
(Pres. Ronald Reagan in Berlin, 1988.) Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev
responded, “There is a great thirst for mutual understanding and mutual communication in the world."
Brezhnev1964-1982 (after Krushcev)
The Brezhnev Doctrine -S.U. had the right to intervene if communism was threatened in other communist state.
White Board
What policy does the same thing but from the Anti Communist perspective
Détente 1970’s more relaxed
atmosphere improved relations between U.S. & S.U.
two equal in nuclear weaponry
S.U. allowed more access to Western literature and culture,
allowed for U. S. grain & consumer goods to be sold in S. U.
Discuss
What is the meaning of the political cartoon
Soviet Afghan War 1979-1989 détente setback when S. U. invaded
Afghanistan in 1979. Soviets wanted a pro-Soviet regime but
U. S. viewed as Soviet expansionism. protest, Pres. Jimmy Carter cancelled US
participation in the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow.
placed an embargo on shipment of grain to S. U.
Cold War got even “chillier” 80’s
Reagan called the S. U. an “evil empire.” Reagan began military buildup, starting
a new arms race. military aid to rebels in Afghanistan.
By 1980, S. U. was facing serious problems of: poor economy, rise in infant mortality, surge in alcoholism & poor working conditions.
White Board
What war can this be compared to and why
Reformer Gorbachev
Reformers within Communist party wanted to address these issues, including Mikhail Gorbachev.
“perestroika” (restructuring Soviet economy with free enterprise) and
“glasnost”(“openness” within S. U. and with rest of world.)
New Soviet Gov
Gorbachev established a new Soviet parliament w. elected members, the Congress of People’s Deputies
(met in 1989, first time since 1918!)
White Board
Which of the three programs do you feel will help the country most and why?
Berlin Wall
E. Germany leader, Erich Honecker refused to remove wall.
East Germans either fled the country or protested. Honecker step down.
Wall Falls
A new East German govt. opened the wall on Nov. 9, 1989 to allow citizens to travel freely between West and
Berliners began tearing down the hated Cold War symbol.
Huge celebrations broke out throughout Germany. W & E Germany were reunited 1990, Berlin again as its capital.
White Board
Which leader could have sent in troops to stop this?
Name one past leader that probably would not of allowed this to happen.
The end is Near
In 1987, Gorbachev & Reagan reached an agreement on the I.N.F. (Intermediate Nuclear Forces) Treaty
( treaty to reduce # of nuclear) In 1990, Gorbachev - non-communist parties
could organize. He abolished the constitutional provision -
Communist Party was to have a “leading role” in govt.
1990 Gorbachev became the Soviet Union’s first president (and its last!)
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List Communist Bloc Nations that ended communism.
USSR can’t Support communist bloc nations
U.S.S.R. wanted to focus resources on social & economic change rather than spending so much on weapons. U.S. wanted to reduce national debt (had become world’s biggest debtor nation, rather than a creditor nation.)
Gorbachev stopped giving military support to Communist govts.
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What impact does the USSR not giving military support to communist bloc nations
The Fall of Communist East
In 1989, a peaceful anti-communist revolutionary movement swept through E. Europe.
The reunification of E. & W. Germany in 1990, became a powerful symbol of the end of the Cold War.
USSR BREAKS UP
S. U. kept ethnic tensions contained between the 92 different nationalities.
nationalist movements emerged in 15 republics of the U.S.S.R.
Possible breakup of S.U. worried hard-line Communists, who attempted a coup in Aug. of 1991 and had Gorbachev arrested.
The coup failed when Boris Yeltsin, president of the Russian Republic and Russian Citizens resisted communist rebels
White Board
Which of the former ussr states ran the country?
Cold War Over
Soviet Union ceased to exist as of Dec, 1991. Gorbachev resigned power to Yeltsin.
Cold War, had ended! All 15 republics becameindependent nations, with Russia as the
largest. Yeltsin became first freely elected, non-
communist leader of Russia, who was committed to creating a prosperous free-market economy.