session ii Atlantic Surface Operations, I The U.S. Navy in World War II
USN in WW II; session ii atl s. ops, i; intro
May 12, 2015
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session ii
Atlantic Surface Operations, I
The U.S. Navy in World War II
session ii
Atlantic Surface Operations, I
The U.S. Navy in World War II
Course Outlinei. 1919-1939-Why England [and America] Slept
ii. Atlantic Surface Operations, I
iii. Atlantic Surface Operations, II
iv. The Struggle for the Mediterranean
v. The Battle of the Atlantic
vi. The Allied Offensive against North Africa
vii. Operations against Sicily and Italy
viii. The Defeat of Germany
major points from last week’s session the Paris Peace Treaties sowed the seeds of WW II. The League of Nations was doomed from the start
the disarmament conferences were unable to secure their goals
in the ‘30s U.S. naval rebuilding began under FDR’s leadership. The tempo increased as war loomed
World War II can be said to have begun on 18 September 1931
Italy demonstrated the weakness of the League of Nations and the collective security system in Ethiopia
Hitler “went the Japanese and Italy one better”
American pacifism and isolationism were understandable, though wrong
questions to answer in this session
why did the “phony war” happen on land? why wasn’t there a similar “phony war” at sea?
what was Britain’s most vital naval task?
how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British forces?
what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again?
what was the significance of the Altmark affair?
why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway?
how would you evaluate the operation? the British response?
review of last week’s session
the League of Nations
War Never Again!
The Big Four: David Lloyd George, Vittorio Orlando, Georges Clemenceau, Woodrow Wilson
William Orpen – The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors, Versailles 1919 (detail)!
Germany’s chief of delegation swallows the bitter pill, source of so much evil
SMS Bayern sinking
21 Jun 1919
the Washington Treaty for Naval Disarmament (1922)
Scene at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, Pennsylvania, December 1923, with guns from scrapped battleships in the foreground. One of these guns is marked "Kansas",
presumably an indication that it came from USS Kansas (BB-21).!Ship being dismantled in the background is USS South Carolina (BB-26).
Charles Evans Hughes!US Secretary of State, 1921-25!
Presider at the Washington Naval Conference
Kato Tomosaburo!Chief of the Japanese Delegation!
to the Washington Naval Conference
Sessions Remaining
•Atlantic Surface Operations, II
• The Struggle for the Mediterranean
• The Battle of the Atlantic
• The Allied Offensive against North Africa
• Operations against Sicily and Italy
• The Defeat of Germany
major points from last week’s session the Paris Peace Treaties sowed the seeds of WW II. The League of Nations was doomed from the start
the disarmament conferences were unable to secure their goals
in the ‘30s U.S. naval rebuilding began under FDR’s leadership. The tempo increased as war loomed
World War II can be said to have begun on 18 September 1931
Italy demonstrated the weakness of the League of Nations and the collective security system in Ethiopia
Hitler “went the Japanese and Italy one better”
American pacifism and isolationism were understandable though wrong
questions to answer in this session
why did the phony war happen on land?
why wasn’t there a similar phony war at sea?
what was Britain’s most vital naval task?
how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British forces?
what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again?
what is the significance of the Altmark affair?
why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway?
how would you evaluate the operation? the British response?
FDR, 1932
Naval Enthusiast
The ‘30s saw a new interest in Navy Air
The March of Fascist Aggression
Collective Security!Le Cordon Sanitaire
Collective Security!La Petite Entente
September 18, 1931!World War II begins
proudly reports his decision to the German Volk
Germany’s new Chancellor
1937!The Rome-Berlin!
Axis!adds a new!
partner
questions to answer in this session
why did the phony war happen on land?
why wasn’t there a similar phony war at sea?
what was Britain’s most vital naval task?
how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British forces?
what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again?
what is the significance of the Altmark affair?
why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway?
how would you evaluate the operation? the British response?
Volk outside the Reich
12 Mar 1938- Anschluss—Ein Volk, Ein Reich, Ein Führer
Sudetenlandthe mountainous border surrounding Bohemia and Moravia
“I have here, signed by Herr Hitler himself...”the sad, ill chosen words—
”peace with honor” and “peace for our time”
“Merchants of Death”
preview of today’s session
German troops disembark in Norway, 9.iv.1940
questions to answer in this session
why did the phony war happen on land?
why wasn’t there a similar phony war at sea?
what was Britain’s most vital naval task?
how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British forces?
what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again?
what is the significance of the Altmark affair?
why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway?
how would you evaluate the operation? the British response?
Future historian, January, 1962
Winston is back
Blitzkrieg
Sitzkrieg
questions to answer in this session
why did the phony war happen on land?
why wasn’t there a similar phony war at sea?
what was Britain’s most vital naval task?
how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British forces?
what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again?
what is the significance of the Altmark affair?
why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway?
how would you evaluate the operation? the British response?
HMS Exeter (CA)1928-1942
HMS Ajax (CL)1934-1949
HMNZS Achilles (CL)
1934-1949
U-boat Ace!Günther Prien
The Altmark Affair
Altmark in Jössing Fiord
HMS Cossack receives a hero’s welcome upon returning with the rescued seamen
“…one word- Iron”
December, 1939—Quisling meets the Führer
a chance meeting!leads to!a posthumous !Victoria Cross
Clockwise from top: German forces
advancing, King Haakon VII of Norway and his
son Crown Prince Olav, German bombing of the
coastal fortress Oscarsborg, German
troops near Narvik, and Norwegian artillery in action near Narvik.!
Wikipedia!!
Second Naval Battle of Narvik
13 April 40
Rupertforce (British counter-attack at Narvik)
Two who demanded more intrepidity
June, 1940-Greenock, Scotland, Happy Tommies from the “little Dunkirk” at Narvik
questions to answer in this session
why did the phony war happen on land?
why wasn’t there a similar phony war at sea?
what was Britain’s most vital naval task?
how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British forces?
what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again?
what is the significance of the Altmark affair?
why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway?
how would you evaluate the operation? the British response?
And now…
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