Using the Web for Research Steve Grant Library Media Teacher La Jolla High School © 1999 Revised 22 October 2002.

Using the Web for Using the Web for ResearchResearch

Steve GrantSteve Grant

Library Media TeacherLibrary Media Teacher

La Jolla High SchoolLa Jolla High School

© 1999© 1999

Revised 22 October 2002Revised 22 October 2002

14

How Big is the Web?How Big is the Web?

How many individual Web How many individual Web pages?pages?

How big is a billion?How big is a billion? Stack of paper:Stack of paper:

1 billion sheets = How tall?1 billion sheets = How tall? 63 miles!63 miles!

Are there a billion pages on Are there a billion pages on the Web?the Web?

15

How Big Is the Web?How Big Is the Web?

2.5 billion Web pages2.5 billion Web pages ““Visible Web”Visible Web” 550550 billion including “deep billion including “deep

[invisible] Web”[invisible] Web” 7.5 million7.5 million added every added every day day

[Lyman, 11/00][Lyman, 11/00]

November 2000 figuresNovember 2000 figures

16

How Big Is the Web?How Big Is the Web?

How big is the Web November How big is the Web November 20020022?? Add 7.5M pages per day for 2 Add 7.5M pages per day for 2

years…years… 7.9 billion pages!7.9 billion pages! Stack of paper Stack of paper 497 miles tall!497 miles tall!

Many Web pages print to more than Many Web pages print to more than one sheet of paperone sheet of paper

““Deep/Invisible” Web? Who Deep/Invisible” Web? Who knows?knows?

17

Major Search ToolsMajor Search Tools

Over 2,500 search “tools” on Over 2,500 search “tools” on the Web the Web [[“Part 1”]“Part 1”]

13 of the major ones:13 of the major ones:

www.www.infopeopleinfopeople.org/search/chart.html.org/search/chart.html

18


Each searches different Each searches different number of pagesnumber of pages

Way those pages are gathered Way those pages are gathered variesvaries Submitted by humans?Submitted by humans? Gathered by “bots”/“spiders”?Gathered by “bots”/“spiders”? Selected & reviewed by humans?Selected & reviewed by humans?

19


Few use exactly same search Few use exactly same search rulesrules

Some search only “selected”/ Some search only “selected”/ ”annotated” / ”reviewed” sites”annotated” / ”reviewed” sites Upside: Usually annotated by Upside: Usually annotated by

humanshumans Downside: Not as many Web Downside: Not as many Web

pages searchedpages searched

20


Chart divides into 3 types:Chart divides into 3 types: ““Search Engines”Search Engines” ““Meta-search Engines” (search Meta-search Engines” (search

several search engines at once)several search engines at once) ““Subject Directories” (or Subject Directories” (or

“Indexes”)“Indexes”)

21


Search enginesSearch engines (“keyword” (“keyword” search engines)search engines) Generate list of Web pages Generate list of Web pages

containingcontaining keywords you give keywords you give themthem

List: “Results” or “Hits”List: “Results” or “Hits”

Options to search just Options to search just titlestitles, , linkslinks on or to those pages, etc.on or to those pages, etc.

Alta Vista, GoogleAlta Vista, Google

22


Meta-search enginesMeta-search engines Hand off your search to several Hand off your search to several

major keyword search engines, major keyword search engines, gather all results, give you one gather all results, give you one list of everything found in any of list of everything found in any of themthem

Ixquick, Vivisimo, AskJeevesIxquick, Vivisimo, AskJeeves We’ll look at three othersWe’ll look at three others

23


Subject directoriesSubject directories or or IndexesIndexes Like searching for books in Like searching for books in

library’s cataloglibrary’s catalog List Web pages under subject List Web pages under subject

headingsheadings Yahoo: “Categories”Yahoo: “Categories”

24

Kinds of Search ToolsKinds of Search Tools

Subject directories/indexes Subject directories/indexes (cont’d)(cont’d) Many keyword engines Many keyword engines

include directories, but…include directories, but… Not as good as dedicated Not as good as dedicated

onesones Librarians’ Index, Yahoo, Librarians’ Index, Yahoo,

InfoMine, Academic InfoInfoMine, Academic Info

25

Subject DirectoriesSubject Directories(or “Indexes”)(or “Indexes”)

Yahoo!Yahoo!www.yahoo.comwww.yahoo.com

Arguably most extensive Arguably most extensive subject directorysubject directory 2 million out of 7.9 billion Web 2 million out of 7.9 billion Web

pages… less than 0.02% pages… less than 0.02% [Leita][Leita]

““Drill down” from general to Drill down” from general to sub-categoriessub-categories

26

Subject Directory: Yahoo!Subject Directory: Yahoo!

Top: Full path shows “where Top: Full path shows “where you came from” (where you are)you came from” (where you are)

Click any part of path to go backClick any part of path to go back Example:Example:

click click ScienceScience, then , then EcologyEcology

Note path at top of pageNote path at top of pageLook at Web pages listedLook at Web pages listed

27


Category terms are boldface; Category terms are boldface; Web page links are normalWeb page links are normal

Categories with “@” take you Categories with “@” take you to another “branch” in to another “branch” in categories treecategories tree Example:Example:

click click Sustainable Development@Sustainable Development@

Now note at path at top of pageNow note at path at top of page

28


Also provides keyword search Also provides keyword search engineengine Example:Example:

Keyword search:Keyword search:sustainable developmentsustainable development

29


Keyword search hit listKeyword search hit list First hits listed: “Category First hits listed: “Category

Matches” Matches” Hits only from Hits only from text of subject termstext of subject terms

themselvesthemselves No annotationsNo annotations

Then “Sponsor Matches”Then “Sponsor Matches” Warning!Warning! These sites have These sites have paidpaid to to

be featuredbe featured

30


Then “Yahoo! Web Site Matches”Then “Yahoo! Web Site Matches” Hits only from Hits only from Web site titlesWeb site titles or or

annotationsannotations All annotations showAll annotations show Keywords are boldfaced in Keywords are boldfaced in

annotations or titles themselvesannotations or titles themselves

31

Subject Directory: Yahoo!Subject Directory: Yahoo! Keyword search hit list (continued)Keyword search hit list (continued)

You can then go to “Web You can then go to “Web pages”pages”Scroll to top of page, click “Web Scroll to top of page, click “Web Pages”Pages”

Hits from Google keyword Hits from Google keyword search enginesearch engine

No annotations… just first few No annotations… just first few words from beginning of each words from beginning of each Web pageWeb page

32

Subject DirectoriesSubject Directories

Librarians’ Index to the InternetLibrarians’ Index to the Internetlii.orglii.org

Not for librarians… Not for librarians… created bycreated by librarianslibrarians

Downside: Way fewer Web Downside: Way fewer Web pages (10,000… 0.0001%)pages (10,000… 0.0001%) [Leita] [Leita]

Why bother?Why bother?

33

Subject Directory:Subject Directory:Librarians’ IndexLibrarians’ Index

Upside: QualityUpside: Quality All “useful to public library All “useful to public library

users”users” ““Evaluated and annotated by Evaluated and annotated by

librarians”--information experts... librarians”--information experts... Expert at spotting useful informationExpert at spotting useful information Expert at writing useful annotationsExpert at writing useful annotations

34


Organized a little differentlyOrganized a little differently Top level: 14 broad subjectsTop level: 14 broad subjects

Can see a few subtopics hereCan see a few subtopics here

Click on main or subtopic to go Click on main or subtopic to go list of subtopicslist of subtopics

Click subtopic to drill down to list of Click subtopic to drill down to list of Web sites/pagesWeb sites/pages

35


Example:Example:Science- | Environment...Science- | Environment...

Endangered SpeciesEndangered Species

Tends to list whole Websites Tends to list whole Websites more than individual pagesmore than individual pages Note Note qualityquality of of annotationsannotations!!

36


Can also browse all subjectsCan also browse all subjects Home page... Home page... Advanced SearchAdvanced Search Browse LCSHBrowse LCSH ““LCSH” = “Library of Congress LCSH” = “Library of Congress

Subject Headings”Subject Headings” LCSH used in college/university LCSH used in college/university

librarieslibraries

37


Browse LCSH (cont’d)Browse LCSH (cont’d)Click letter your subject Click letter your subject begins withbegins with

Example:Example:

click click EE

scroll down to and click:scroll down to and click:

Endangered speciesEndangered species

38

Subject DirectorySubject Directory

Academic InfoAcademic Infoacademicinfoacademicinfo.net.net

13,000 Web pages (0.00016%) 13,000 Web pages (0.00016%) [Leita][Leita]

Higher-level high school, Higher-level high school, college, & research-level college, & research-level searchingsearching

39

Subject Directory:Subject Directory:Academic InfoAcademic Info

Selection & annotations by a Selection & annotations by a librarianlibrarian

Subject headings relate well to Subject headings relate well to school topicsschool topics

40

Subject DirectorySubject Directory

INFOMINEINFOMINEinfomineinfomine..ucrucr..eduedu

40,000 Web pages (0.00051%)40,000 Web pages (0.00051%) ““Scholarly Internet resources Scholarly Internet resources

selected and annotated by selected and annotated by (mostly) UC librarians” (mostly) UC librarians” [Leita][Leita]

Harder to drill down to specific Harder to drill down to specific topic than some other directoriestopic than some other directories

41

Subject Directory: Subject Directory: INFOMINEINFOMINE

Use a bit differently...Use a bit differently... Pick 1 of 12 (very) general topicsPick 1 of 12 (very) general topics Either keyword search or click Either keyword search or click

“Subjects -- LCSH” (=Library of “Subjects -- LCSH” (=Library of Congress Subject Headings)Congress Subject Headings)Example:Example:

Instructional Resources: K-12 | U |Instructional Resources: K-12 | U |United States--History—Revolution…United States--History—Revolution…

42

Subject Directory: Subject Directory: INFOMINEINFOMINE

Keyword search sometimes Keyword search sometimes betterbetter Searches only within main topic Searches only within main topic

selected at beginningselected at beginningExample:Example:

united states historyunited states history

43

Keyword Search Keyword Search EnginesEngines

AltaVistaAltaVistawww.www.altavistaaltavista.com.com

One of the first keyword search One of the first keyword search enginesengines

Searches Searches full textfull text of 1 billion Web of 1 billion Web pages (12.7%)pages (12.7%) [Leita] [Leita]

44

Keyword Search Engine:Keyword Search Engine:AltaVistaAltaVista

Example search:Example search:renewable energy in Californiarenewable energy in California

Over 47,000 hitsOver 47,000 hits No true annotations... just first No true annotations... just first

few lines from each pagefew lines from each page Not pre-selected & categorized... Not pre-selected & categorized...

some hits may be “off target”some hits may be “off target”

45


Pages contain Pages contain somesome of the of the keywords: keywords: renewablerenewable, , energyenergy, , CaliforniaCalifornia Not necessarily all the wordsNot necessarily all the words Not necessarily together as a Not necessarily together as a

“phrase”“phrase”

46


Some of these aren’t really Some of these aren’t really about California at allabout California at all Tip: Use browser’s “Find” to Tip: Use browser’s “Find” to

search just that Web pagesearch just that Web page To search on a To search on a phrasephrase, use , use

quotesquotes::““renewable energy in California”renewable energy in California”

Note way fewer hitsNote way fewer hits

47

Keyword Searching--Keyword Searching--PhrasesPhrases

renewable energy in California renewable energy in California vs.vs.

““renewable energy in California”renewable energy in California”

48

Keyword Searching--Keyword Searching--PhrasesPhrases

renewable energy in Californiarenewable energy in California

Renewing Your California Driver’s License

To save you time and energy, your Driver’s License is renewable via the Internet. You can renew your license by..

Energy Alternatives in California

Unlike the traditional gas and electricity sources, solar, wind, and geothermal are alternative sources which can provide significant renewable energy in California...

““renewable energy in California”renewable energy in California”

49


In In mostmost other keyword search other keyword search engines you can use engines you can use “ ”“ ” to to specify a phrasespecify a phrase

Not always!Not always! Some others (ex. Some others (ex. HotbotHotbot), select ), select

“exact phrase” from drop-down list“exact phrase” from drop-down list

50


More specific searches: use More specific searches: use “Boolean logic” terms“Boolean logic” terms

ANDAND, , OROR, , AND NOTAND NOT

Also called “search operators”Also called “search operators”

51


Boolean searches in AltaVista:Boolean searches in AltaVista:use “Advanced Search”…use “Advanced Search”…

home page, to right of search entry home page, to right of search entry box:box:

click “click “AdvancedAdvanced””enter keywords in “enter keywords in “Search with… this Search with… this Boolean expressionBoolean expression” box” box

52


Search operators:Search operators: ANDAND = “must include” = “must include” AND NOTAND NOT = “must = “must notnot include” include” OROR = alternative terms, synonyms, = alternative terms, synonyms,

alternate spellingsalternate spellings ( )( ) to group terms (esp. with to group terms (esp. with OROR)) ** = wildcard: “any other characters = wildcard: “any other characters

[letters, numbers, symbols]”[letters, numbers, symbols]”

53


Advanced Search example:Advanced Search example:(“renewable energy” OR “green (“renewable energy” OR “green

energy”) AND NOT (hydro* OR dam*)energy”) AND NOT (hydro* OR dam*)

Tip: To restrict search to just Tip: To restrict search to just titlestitles of Web pages, use of Web pages, use title:title:

Example:Example:

title:“renewable energy”title:“renewable energy”

All page All page titlestitles contain the phrase contain the phrase

54

Keyword Search Engines--Keyword Search Engines--AND, AND NOT, ORAND, AND NOT, OR

(“renewable energy” (“renewable energy” OROR “green energy”) “green energy”)

55


““renewable energy” renewable energy” ANDAND “green energy” “green energy”

56


““renewable energy” AND “green energy”renewable energy” AND “green energy”AND NOTAND NOT (hydro* OR dam*) (hydro* OR dam*)

57


(“renewable energy” (“renewable energy” OROR “green energy”) “green energy”)AND NOT (hydro* OR dam*)AND NOT (hydro* OR dam*)

58


In AltaVista, In AltaVista, case matterscase matters JockeyJockey finds finds onlyonly “Jockey” “Jockey” jockeyjockey finds finds bothboth “Jockey” “Jockey” andand

“jockey”“jockey” NotNot true in some other engines true in some other engines

(e.g. Google, Teoma)(e.g. Google, Teoma)

59

Keyword Search Engines—Keyword Search Engines—Search Operator ShortcutsSearch Operator Shortcuts

Commonly-used search Commonly-used search operator shortcut symbolsoperator shortcut symbols Do Do notnot use in AltaVista use in AltaVista ++ = = ANDAND = “ = “mustmust include” include” -- = = AND NOTAND NOT = “must = “must notnot include” include”

Example:Example:

““renewable energy” -hydroelectric -renewable energy” -hydroelectric -dam*dam*

No shortcut symbol for No shortcut symbol for OROR

60


Excellent way to learn use ofExcellent way to learn use of++ and and -- (and 5 other (and 5 other techniques)…techniques)…

Seven Steps Toward Better SearchingSeven Steps Toward Better Searchinghttp://http://webquestwebquest..sdsusdsu..eduedu

/searching/sevensteps2001.html/searching/sevensteps2001.html

……from Bernie Dodge, PhD (SDSU), creator of from Bernie Dodge, PhD (SDSU), creator of WebQuestsWebQuests

Includes link to online quizIncludes link to online quiz

61

Other Keyword Search Other Keyword Search EnginesEngines

GoogleGooglewww.www.googlegoogle.com.com

Searches full text of 1.5 billionSearches full text of 1.5 billionplus 500 million partially-indexedplus 500 million partially-indexed [Leita][Leita]

Together = 25.3% of the WebTogether = 25.3% of the Web

Hit list ranked by # of sites which Hit list ranked by # of sites which link to sites listed (“popularity”)link to sites listed (“popularity”)

62

Other Keyword Search Other Keyword Search Engines: GoogleEngines: Google

For best results, use For best results, use Advanced Advanced SearchSearch with allwith all & & withoutwithout

with allwith all = must include (= = must include (= ANDAND//++)) withoutwithout = must not include (= = must not include (= AND AND

NOTNOT//--))

exact phraseexact phrase = = “ ”“ ”

63


similar tosimilar to Once you’ve found a useful page, Once you’ve found a useful page,

find more like it!find more like it! Google magic… works surprisingly Google magic… works surprisingly

wellwell

linked tolinked to Often pages linked to a useful page Often pages linked to a useful page

will have other useful informationwill have other useful information Like “Like “See alsoSee also” cross reference at ” cross reference at

the end of an encyclopedia articlethe end of an encyclopedia article

64


Excellent way to learn Excellent way to learn powerful Google search powerful Google search techniques:techniques:

Four NETS for better searchingFour NETS for better searchinghttp://http://webquestwebquest..sdsusdsu..eduedu/searching//searching/

fournetsfournets..htmhtm

……also from Bernie Dodgealso from Bernie Dodge

65


TeomaTeomateomateoma.com.com

Searches full text of 1 billion Searches full text of 1 billion Web pages (12.7%) Web pages (12.7%) [Leita][Leita]

66

Other Keyword Search Other Keyword Search Engines: TeomaEngines: Teoma

Ranks by “popularity” like Ranks by “popularity” like Google, Google, but gbut goes a step oes a step further...further...

Ranks by # of Ranks by # of same-subjectsame-subject sites which link to sites listedsites which link to sites listedExample: Example: mammal lionmammal lion

Note “Note “RefineRefine” choices” choices

67

Other Keyword Search Other Keyword Search Engines: TeomaEngines: Teoma

Can also exclude terms using Can also exclude terms using -- ……

Example:Example:

mammal lion -sea -mountainmammal lion -sea -mountain

++, , --, , “ ”“ ” all work the same as in all work the same as in GoogleGoogle

68


FAST / AlltheWebFAST / AlltheWebwww.www.alltheweballtheweb.com.com

Searches full text of 2 billion Searches full text of 2 billion pages (25.3%)pages (25.3%) [Leita] [Leita]

Clean, simple, fastClean, simple, fast Especially good for non-text Especially good for non-text

(media) searches(media) searches

69


HotBotHotBothotbothotbot..lycoslycos.com.com

Searches full text of 500 Searches full text of 500 million pages (6.3%)million pages (6.3%) [Leita] [Leita]

Select from drop-down list for:Select from drop-down list for: the personthe person exact exact

phrasephrase all the wordsall the words or or any of the wordsany of the words Boolean phraseBoolean phrase etc.etc.

70

Other Keyword Search Other Keyword Search Engines: HotbotEngines: Hotbot

Especially good for people Especially good for people searches:searches:Salman RushdieSalman Rushdie

also findsalso findsRushdie, SalmanRushdie, Salman

Helpful for media searchesHelpful for media searches Click “Click “Advanced SearchAdvanced Search” button” button Scroll down to “Scroll down to “Pages Must IncludePages Must Include””

71

Keyword Search Engines:Keyword Search Engines:Search Operators Search Operators

SummarySummary

Search Engines Quick GuideSearch Engines Quick Guidewww.www.infopeopleinfopeople

.org/search/guide.html.org/search/guide.html Quickly see which search operators Quickly see which search operators

you use with Google, AllTheWeb, you use with Google, AllTheWeb, AltaVista, TeomaAltaVista, Teoma

Links to & from Links to & from InfoPeople Search InfoPeople Search Tools ChartTools Chart

72

Meta-search EnginesMeta-search Engines

Most allow you to select which Most allow you to select which keyword search engines they’ll keyword search engines they’ll search search Often use “Advanced” / “Power” Often use “Advanced” / “Power”

search to do thissearch to do this Many allow search operator Many allow search operator

shortcut symbols (shortcut symbols (++, , --, , “ ”“ ”, , etc.) to narrow your searchesetc.) to narrow your searches

73


Ixquick, Vivisimo… New kids on Ixquick, Vivisimo… New kids on the blockthe block

Mamma, MetaCrawler, Dogpile Mamma, MetaCrawler, Dogpile not in InfoPeople chart but not in InfoPeople chart but worth knowing aboutworth knowing about

74


IxquickIxquickixquickixquick.com.com

Searches 12 keyword search Searches 12 keyword search enginesengines Can only select Can only select afterafter doing a doing a

searchsearch

75

Meta-search Engines:Meta-search Engines:IxquickIxquick

‘‘Star’ rating system helpful:Star’ rating system helpful: Ranks a hit (number of *s) Ranks a hit (number of *s)

according to how many engines according to how many engines ranked it top ten in their (your) ranked it top ten in their (your) searchsearch

Example: Example: “renewable energy”“renewable energy” Beware of “Sponsored” resultsBeware of “Sponsored” results

Someone Someone paidpaid for those to be at for those to be at top of your listtop of your list

76

Meta-Search Engines:Meta-Search Engines:IxquickIxquick

Only submits to an engine if it Only submits to an engine if it supports search operators you supports search operators you usedused Allows Allows ++, , --, , “ ”“ ”, etc. with good , etc. with good

resultsresults ““Highlighted Result” helpful Highlighted Result” helpful

for spotting your words in for spotting your words in pages it foundpages it found

77


VivisimoVivisimovivisimovivisimo.com.com

Searches 15 keyword search Searches 15 keyword search enginesengines

““Clustering” feature can be Clustering” feature can be helpfulhelpfulExample: Example: lions catslions cats

78

Meta-Search Engines: Meta-Search Engines: VivisimoVivisimo

Advanced Search…Advanced Search… Pick which search engines it Pick which search engines it

searchessearches Many of the common search Many of the common search

operators available (operators available (++, , --, , “ ”“ ”, , etc.)etc.)

79


Ask JeevesAsk Jeeveswww.www.askjeevesaskjeeves.com.com

““Natural language” searchingNatural language” searching Especially useful for searching Especially useful for searching

on a questionon a questionExample:Example:

How do I make a basic electronic How do I make a basic electronic circuit?circuit?

80


MammaMammawww.mamma.comwww.mamma.com

Easy to useEasy to use Enter words that relate to what Enter words that relate to what

you want (the more the better)you want (the more the better) ““Natural language” searchingNatural language” searching

Even questions w/ question mark at Even questions w/ question mark at the endthe end

81

Meta-search Engines:Meta-search Engines:MammaMamma

Doesn’t give you thousands of hitsDoesn’t give you thousands of hitsExample:Example:

Where can I find information on alternative Where can I find information on alternative renewable energy?renewable energy?

““Power Search” additional optionsPower Search” additional options Pick which search enginesPick which search engines

Up to 7 “free”; can skip 5 “pay per click”Up to 7 “free”; can skip 5 “pay per click”

82

Meta-search Engines:Meta-search Engines:MammaMamma

Can use Can use ++ or or -- Example:Example:

+alternative +energy -hydroelectric+alternative +energy -hydroelectric

83


MetaCrawlerMetaCrawlerwww.www.metacrawlermetacrawler.com.com

Searches 11 keyword search Searches 11 keyword search engines (select in Advanced engines (select in Advanced Search)Search)

May return more hits than May return more hits than MammaMamma

Can use Can use ++, , --, , “ ”“ ”

84


DogpileDogpilewww.www.dogpiledogpile.com.com

Searches 14 keyword engines Searches 14 keyword engines (select in Advanced Search)(select in Advanced Search) Including Google!Including Google!

Groups results by keyword Groups results by keyword engineengine Example: Example: renewable energyrenewable energy

Very popularVery popular

85

So Many Tools… Which So Many Tools… Which One Should I Use?One Should I Use?

Choose the Best Search for Your Choose the Best Search for Your Information NeedInformation Need

www.noodletools.com/debbie/literacies/www.noodletools.com/debbie/literacies/information/5locate/adviceengine.htmlinformation/5locate/adviceengine.html

Helps you decide, based on the Helps you decide, based on the kind of information or kind of kind of information or kind of search you have in mindsearch you have in mind

Search tools to access “the Search tools to access “the invisible web”invisible web” Databases not usually searched by Databases not usually searched by

general (“visible Web”) search toolsgeneral (“visible Web”) search tools

86

… … Which One Should I Which One Should I Use?Use?

Specialized Search Engines and DirectoriesSpecialized Search Engines and Directorieswebquest.sdsu.edu/searching/specialized.htmlwebquest.sdsu.edu/searching/specialized.html

More tools to search databases for More tools to search databases for specific kinds of informationspecific kinds of information

Select based on what kind of Select based on what kind of information you needinformation you need

Designed to help students in Designed to help students in WebquestsWebquests From Bernie Dodge, SDSUFrom Bernie Dodge, SDSU

87

Evaluating Web PagesEvaluating Web Pages

Evaluation guide from UCLA Evaluation guide from UCLA LibraryLibrarywww.library.www.library.uclaucla..eduedu

/libraries/college/help/critical/ind/libraries/college/help/critical/index.ex.htmhtm

A lot to hold in your head as A lot to hold in your head as you consider a Web pageyou consider a Web page

88

Evaluating Web PagesEvaluating Web Pages

Steve Grant’s “Evaluation Short Steve Grant’s “Evaluation Short List”List”

Is this the Is this the kindkind of information I of information I need?need? ““On target” for my topic? Really On target” for my topic? Really

relevant?relevant? Readable? Can I understand it?Readable? Can I understand it?

89

Evaluating Web Pages:Evaluating Web Pages:Steve Grant’s “Short List”Steve Grant’s “Short List”

Sufficient?Sufficient? Enough to be useful? Enough to be useful? Merely a list of links or does it have Merely a list of links or does it have

content itself?content itself? Just a “sampler” or in-depth?Just a “sampler” or in-depth?

New informationNew information? Anything I ? Anything I don’t already know or have from don’t already know or have from another source?another source?

90


Who is the Who is the intended audienceintended audience? ? What’s the What’s the purposepurpose of this of this page?page? What What otherother pages link pages link to this to this

oneone?? To find out, use Google’s (Advanced To find out, use Google’s (Advanced

Search) “Search) “linked to:linked to:””

91

Evaluting Web Pages:Evaluting Web Pages:Steve Grant’s “Short List”Steve Grant’s “Short List”

Who wrote itWho wrote it? Why should I ? Why should I believe them?believe them? If they If they quote/cite other sourcesquote/cite other sources, ,

do theydo they cite them cite them so I could find so I could find them?them?

If Web sources, should be a If Web sources, should be a hyperlinkhyperlink

92

Evaluting Web Pages:Evaluting Web Pages:Steve Grant’s “Short List”Steve Grant’s “Short List”

Author’s Author’s job titlejob title or or credentialscredentials?? What What elseelse has he/she written? has he/she written?

Try keyword search on author’s Try keyword search on author’s name (HotBot recommended)name (HotBot recommended)

Contact information for author?Contact information for author? Email hyperlink?Email hyperlink? Snailmail &/or phone?Snailmail &/or phone?

93

Evaluating Web Pages:Evaluating Web Pages: Steve Grant’s “Short List” Steve Grant’s “Short List”

Is page associated with Is page associated with reputable institutionreputable institution?? Well-known/respected Well-known/respected

organization?organization? University, publisher, government, University, publisher, government,

etc.etc.

Does the information seem Does the information seem biasedbiased?? If so, can I still use it?If so, can I still use it?

94


How How currentcurrent is this page? is this page? Look for date Look for date createdcreated or or revisedrevised Do all its Do all its hyperlinks workhyperlinks work??

SpellingSpelling or or grammargrammar errors? errors?

95

Citing Web Pages in MLA Citing Web Pages in MLA StyleStyle

Winsor’s “Citing Sources”Winsor’s “Citing Sources” style style guideguidewww.www.winsorwinsor..eduedu/pages/library./pages/library.cfmcfm

Click “Click “Using the InternetUsing the Internet”, ”, then “then “Citing SourcesCiting Sources””

Easy “one-stop shopping” for Easy “one-stop shopping” for most kinds of information most kinds of information sources (print & Web)sources (print & Web)

96

Citing Web Pages:Citing Web Pages:Winsor’s “Citing Sources”Winsor’s “Citing Sources”

Guide for Web pages doesn’t Guide for Web pages doesn’t quite match new (1999) MLA quite match new (1999) MLA official style official style [Gibaldi][Gibaldi]

Uses “Dated” & “Viewed”Uses “Dated” & “Viewed” Uses “( )” instead of “<>” for Uses “( )” instead of “<>” for

URLsURLs Without “Dated”, “Viewed”, and Without “Dated”, “Viewed”, and

with “<>”: probably OK for some with “<>”: probably OK for some high school projectshigh school projects

97


““A Guide for Writing Research A Guide for Writing Research Papers...”Papers...” style guide style guidewebsterwebster..commnetcommnet..eduedu//mlamla/index./index.shtmlshtml

Both print and electronic sourcesBoth print and electronic sources Websites:Websites:

Point at “Point at “Citing SourcesCiting Sources”” Point & click on “Point & click on “Electronic Resources Electronic Resources

/ Internet/ Internet””

98

Citing Web Pages:Citing Web Pages:“A Guide for Writing...”“A Guide for Writing...”

Scroll past numbered list to Scroll past numbered list to ““Scholarly ProjectScholarly Project”, ”, ““Professional SiteProfessional Site”, “”, “Personal Personal SiteSite””

In-line citations as well as In-line citations as well as Works Cited (bibliography): Works Cited (bibliography): scroll farther to “In-text scroll farther to “In-text Citation”Citation”

99

Citing Web Pages:Citing Web Pages: “A Guide for Writing...” “A Guide for Writing...”

Harder to use, but more Harder to use, but more thorough and correctthorough and correct Matches MLA official style Matches MLA official style [Gibaldi][Gibaldi]

Must use for college & AP-level Must use for college & AP-level workwork

100


Citation Styles--Online! Citation Styles--Online! style style guideguide

www.www.bedfordstmartinsbedfordstmartins.com/online/.com/online/citexcitex.html.html

Online sources only (no print)Online sources only (no print) Clear and MLA-correctClear and MLA-correct Also includes APA & Chicago Also includes APA & Chicago

stylesstyles

101

Citing Web Pages: Online!Citing Web Pages: Online!

Bibliography entries...Bibliography entries...click “click “1. World Wide Web site1. World Wide Web site””

In-line citation help…In-line citation help…Scroll all the way to topScroll all the way to topororClick “Click “BackBack”, then top “MLA ”, then top “MLA Style” boxStyle” box

Ideal for AP/collegeIdeal for AP/college

102


NoodleBibNoodleBibwww.NoodleTools.comwww.NoodleTools.com

Subscription… but worth it!Subscription… but worth it! $300/year (school/district 1,000-$300/year (school/district 1,000-

4,000 students)4,000 students) All print and electronic sourcesAll print and electronic sources Interactive: builds bibliography Interactive: builds bibliography

for you!for you!

103

Citing Web Pages: Citing Web Pages: NoodleBibNoodleBib

Complies with latest MLA styleComplies with latest MLA style Now also includes APANow also includes APA

You fill out fields, it generates You fill out fields, it generates finished citationfinished citation

Correct formatting & Correct formatting & punctuation!punctuation!

Excellent notations explain Excellent notations explain each fieldeach field

104

Citing Web Pages: Citing Web Pages: NoodleBibNoodleBib

Save as Text file to your disk Save as Text file to your disk and add/edit later (using and add/edit later (using NoodleBib)NoodleBib)

Save as RTF to open in Word Save as RTF to open in Word (add to your research paper)(add to your research paper)

105


easybib.comeasybib.com

www.www.easybibeasybib.com.com Interactive bibliography Interactive bibliography

generatorgenerator Free (MLA style only)Free (MLA style only)

APA requires $5/yr. AccountAPA requires $5/yr. Account Online & print sourcesOnline & print sources

106

Citing Web Pages: EasyBibCiting Web Pages: EasyBib

Saves bib. for you on Website Saves bib. for you on Website (NoodleBib: local drive)(NoodleBib: local drive) Have to load by entering 19-Have to load by entering 19-

character “number”character “number” Write down or have emailed to youWrite down or have emailed to you

Print directly from WebPrint directly from Web

107

Citing Web Pages: EasyBibCiting Web Pages: EasyBib

Not as thorough or clear as Not as thorough or clear as NoodleBibNoodleBib Esp. difficult for online databases Esp. difficult for online databases

that are that are notnot magazines or magazines or newspapersnewspapers

Prob. OK for simple, Prob. OK for simple, straightforward sourcesstraightforward sources

AdvertisingAdvertising

108

Steps in the Research Steps in the Research ProcessProcess

Define and narrow the search Define and narrow the search problem… what exactly are problem… what exactly are you looking for?you looking for? Identify keywords and concepts... Identify keywords and concepts...

“names for what you want”“names for what you want” Try “graphic organizer” techniques Try “graphic organizer” techniques

to help discover useful termsto help discover useful terms

109

Research Process Steps:Research Process Steps:Define & NarrowDefine & Narrow

Graphic organizer techniques:Graphic organizer techniques:

www.sdcoe.k12.ca.us/score/www.sdcoe.k12.ca.us/score/actbank/torganiz.htmactbank/torganiz.htm

Recommended: “Clustering” (also Recommended: “Clustering” (also called “Concept Mapping”)called “Concept Mapping”)

Concept maps explained:Concept maps explained:

http://www.graphic.org/concept.htmlhttp://www.graphic.org/concept.html

……Identify keywords/concepts Identify keywords/concepts (cont’d)(cont’d)

110

Research Process Steps:Research Process Steps:Define & NarrowDefine & Narrow

Try Try InspirationInspiration software software

www.inspiration.comwww.inspiration.com– Quickly draw “concept map” (cluster) as Quickly draw “concept map” (cluster) as

you brainstorm termsyou brainstorm terms– Builds an outline in background while Builds an outline in background while

you work!you work!

……Identify keywords/concepts Identify keywords/concepts (cont’d)(cont’d)

111

Research Process StepsResearch Process Steps

Identify Web search tools Identify Web search tools you’ll useyou’ll use Use “Help” or “Tips” for each Use “Help” or “Tips” for each

tool to learn its particular syntax tool to learn its particular syntax or techniquesor techniques

112


(Consider online databases your (Consider online databases your school/public library subscribes to)school/public library subscribes to) Usually avail. via the WebUsually avail. via the Web

Request login from library in personRequest login from library in person

Often quicker to high-quality info.Often quicker to high-quality info. (Consider library’s (Consider library’s online catalogonline catalog to to

find find booksbooks)) ReferenceReference books w/ great info. may not books w/ great info. may not

show up!… Ask librarian to show you show up!… Ask librarian to show you somesome

113

Research Research Process StepsProcess Steps

Conduct your searches using Conduct your searches using careful search strategiescareful search strategies What keywords will zero in on What keywords will zero in on

exactly what you want?exactly what you want? What keywords will What keywords will excludeexclude what what

you you don’tdon’t want? ( want? (NOTNOT or or --)) Should you use a phrase? (Should you use a phrase? (“ ”“ ”)) Should you capitalize?Should you capitalize?

114


Evaluate hits and refine search Evaluate hits and refine search as necessaryas necessary Relevant to what I need?Relevant to what I need? Sufficiently current?Sufficiently current? Reliable? Should I believe it’s Reliable? Should I believe it’s

true?true? Understandable and clear?Understandable and clear?

115


Try other search tools if Try other search tools if necessarynecessary

Save/print only pages you’ve Save/print only pages you’ve studied enough to know studied enough to know they’re truly usefulthey’re truly useful Save money! Save time!Save money! Save time! Note Note URLURL & & datedate for each page for each page

116


Analyze the informationAnalyze the information Read each page thoroughlyRead each page thoroughly

What does it emphasize?What does it emphasize? What information does it contain What information does it contain

that the others don’t?that the others don’t?

Underline/highlight on hardcopiesUnderline/highlight on hardcopies

117


Take notes on all original pagesTake notes on all original pages ““Put away” originals & work from Put away” originals & work from

notesnotes from now on! from now on! Avoid plagiarismAvoid plagiarism Usually faster than trying to rewrite Usually faster than trying to rewrite

worseworse from originals… really! from originals… really! Easier to organize notes than full Easier to organize notes than full

text documentstext documents Understand the information betterUnderstand the information better

118


Organize notes logicallyOrganize notes logically Group similar notes togetherGroup similar notes together Arrange so information flows in a Arrange so information flows in a

logical progressionlogical progression ExplainsExplains

andand Supports Supports ...what you want to say...what you want to say

May want to write an outline hereMay want to write an outline here

119


Reach your own conclusionsReach your own conclusions With all the information you’re With all the information you’re

presenting...presenting...What’s your point?What’s your point?

Create or refine your theme Create or refine your theme statementstatement Usually expressed at the beginning Usually expressed at the beginning

of your paper or presentationof your paper or presentation

120


Write your paper / speaking Write your paper / speaking notes / presentation slidesnotes / presentation slides From From notesnotes, not original , not original

documents!documents! Remember the advantages:Remember the advantages:

Avoid plagiarismAvoid plagiarism Understand the information betterUnderstand the information better

121


Cite your sourcesCite your sources Create a bibliography (“Works Create a bibliography (“Works

Cited”) page or screenCited”) page or screen Use MLA style (unless teacher Use MLA style (unless teacher

specifies another)specifies another) APA, Chicago, Turabian, etc.APA, Chicago, Turabian, etc.

122


Evaluate your workEvaluate your work Enough (length, depth)?Enough (length, depth)?

TooToo long or in-depth? long or in-depth? Unnecessary elements you should Unnecessary elements you should

delete?delete?

Clear and smooth? No spelling or Clear and smooth? No spelling or grammatical errors?grammatical errors?

123


Is it the best you can do?Is it the best you can do? If not, why?If not, why?

Ran out of time?Ran out of time? Not important enough to do your Not important enough to do your

best?best?

How could you do better next How could you do better next time?time?

124

Works CitedWorks Cited

Gibaldi, Joseph. Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers.Research Papers. 5th ed. New York: Modern 5th ed. New York: Modern Language Association, 1999. Language Association, 1999. [to Winsor] [to A Guide for [to Winsor] [to A Guide for Writing…]Writing…]

Leita, Carol. Leita, Carol. InfoPeople Search Tools Chart. InfoPeople Search Tools Chart. 3 Nov. 3 Nov. 2000. InfoPeople Project. 11 Nov. 2000. 2000. InfoPeople Project. 11 Nov. 2000. <<http://www.infopeople.org/search/chart.htmlhttp://www.infopeople.org/search/chart.html>> [to [to Yahoo] [to Librs’] [to AcadInfo] [to Infomine] [to AltVist] [to Yahoo] [to Librs’] [to AcadInfo] [to Infomine] [to AltVist] [to Google] [to Teoma] [to AlltheWeb] [to HotBot]Google] [to Teoma] [to AlltheWeb] [to HotBot]

Lyman, Peter et. al. Lyman, Peter et. al. How Much Information?How Much Information? 2000. 2000. University of California at Berkeley. 11 Nov. 2000. University of California at Berkeley. 11 Nov. 2000. <<http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/how-much-info/internet.http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/how-much-info/internet.html> html> [to How Big][to How Big]

125

Works Cited (cont’d)Works Cited (cont’d)

Morrison, Janice. “Teaching Kids to Surf the Internet Morrison, Janice. “Teaching Kids to Surf the Internet Without Wiping Out: What Teachers Need to Know Without Wiping Out: What Teachers Need to Know About Information Literacy.” Fall CUE 2002. About Information Literacy.” Fall CUE 2002. Computer Using Educators. Sacramento Convention Computer Using Educators. Sacramento Convention Center, Sacramento. 25 Oct. 2002.Center, Sacramento. 25 Oct. 2002. [to Why?] [to Why?]

““Part 1: The Size of the Internet.” Part 1: The Size of the Internet.” Tutorial: Guide to Tutorial: Guide to Effective Searching on the InternetEffective Searching on the Internet. 2000. . 2000. BrightPlanet.com. 11 Nov. 2000. BrightPlanet.com. 11 Nov. 2000. <http://www.completeplanet.com/Tutorials/Search/<http://www.completeplanet.com/Tutorials/Search/part1.asp>part1.asp>[[to 2500 Search Toolsto 2500 Search Tools]]

Using the Web for Research Steve Grant Library Media Teacher La Jolla High School © 1999 Revised 22 October 2002.

Documents

evaluation n

n students

n of schools

n lmts

n evaluation considerations

lesson n time

lesson n structure

freshman year n