Using the Kauffman Firm Survey (KFS) to Study Gender and ... · Using the Kauffman Firm Survey (KFS) to Study Gender and Entrepreneurship UN Technical Meeting on Measuring Entrepreneurship
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Motivation…Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics
PSED is the only source of data on business formation for a sample of firm founders representative of an underlying population that has information on individual and firm-level variables that match theories used by entrepreneurship scholars
http://www.psed.isr.umich.edu/
PSED is great, but…
A surprisingly small portion of people “in the process of starting a business” manage to create a business
Potentially high performing businesses are not evenly distributed across industries
Financing activities are an important part of firm formation, but we don’t have a lot of data on them
Businesses that have a valid business legal status (sole proprietorship, limited liability company, subchapter S corporation, C-corporation, general partnership, or limited partnership) in 2004
Businesses that were started as a branch or a subsidiary owned by an existing business, that were inherited, or that were created as a not-for-profit organization in the 2004 calendar year
Businesses that were started as independent business, or by the purchase of an existing business, or by the purchase of a franchise in the 2004 calendar year
The Dun and Bradstreet (D&B) database was chosen as the sampling frame source [251,282].
4,928 businesses as the final sample of eligible businesses
Stratified sample of 32,469 businesses was selected. Oversampling on technology status :Three technology strata: high-tech, medium-tech, and non-tech businesses
Businesses that have at least one of the following activities:
1. Acquired employer identification number during the 2004 calendar year;
2. Organized as sole proprietorships reporting that 2004 was the first year they used Schedule C or Schedule C-EZ to report business income on a personal income tax return;
3. Reported that 2004 was the first year they made state unemployment insurance payments; or
4. Reported that 2004 was the first year they made federal insurance contribution act payments.
• Information about business legal status, business’s primary industry, number of full- and part-time employees, number of owners, number of owner-operators, and primary location of the business
Strategy and Innovation
• Product/Service Offerings, Intellectual Property, Licensing In and Licensing Out, R&D, Intangible Asset spending, comparative advantage, sources of comparative advantage. Product/Service Offerings, Intellectual Property, Licensing In and Licensing Out, R&D, Intangible Asset spending, comparative advantage, sources of comparative advantage, percentage of sales to individuals, government, and other businesses
Business Organization and Human Resource Benefits
• Types of Benefits Offered (health insurance, retirement plan, stock options, bonus plan, tuition reimbursement, paid vacation, paid sick days, flex time and other benefits ) , Task/Work Structure (human resources, sales, marketing, executive, R&D, production, general administration and financial administration)
Business Finances: The most comprehensive part of the survey
• At the business level:
• Sources and amount of business debt financing (credit cards, loans from a commercial bank, line of credit, loans from a non-bank financial institution, loans from any family or friends, and loans from any other individuals)
• Income Statement Info (Revenue, Expenses, Profits)
• Balance Sheet Info (Assets, Liabilities, Equity),
Business Finances: The most comprehensive part of the survey
• At the owner level (up to 10 owners):
• Sources and amount of equity financing (owners, spouses, parents, venture capitalists, companies, government and other sources)
• Sources and amount of personal debt financing (personal credit cards, personal loans from a bank, business credit cards, personal loans from any family or friends,)
Work Behaviors and Demographics of Owners
• Education, Age, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Citizenship, Immigrant Status, Hours Worked, Previous Years of Work Experience, Previous Start-up Experience (same/different industry as this firm)