Hiro Yoshioka, Technical Managing Officer, Rakuten, Inc. Using Open Source at an Internet Company and Hacker Culture
Aug 13, 2015
Hiro Yoshioka, Technical Managing Officer,!Rakuten, Inc.!
Using Open Source at an Internet Company and
Hacker Culture!
4
Software is eating the world
• http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111903480904576512250915629460
• Why Software is Eating the World Marc Andreessen August 20, 2011
• 世界はソフトウェアでできている
5
whoami
Name: Hiro Yoshioka Title: Technical Managing Officer Company: Rakuten, Inc 2009 – present My mission: Empower Our Engineers, Build hacker centric culture Twitter: @hyoshiok http://d.hatena.ne.jp/hyoshiok (Diary in Japanese) http://someday-join-us.blogspot.jp/ (in English)
6
whoami
Name: Hiro Yoshioka 2009-present, Rakuten 2000-2008, Miracle Linux, CTO 2002-2003, OSDL board member 1994-2000, Oracle 1984-1994, DEC 1984 Keio University (MS)
I have one patch to Linux Kernel J x86: cache pollution aware patch 2006/6/23, 2.6.18
http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=c22ce143d15eb288543fe9873e1c5ac1c01b69a1
7
ネットを支えるオープンソース、ソフトウェアの進化 角川インターネット講座、02 http://kci-salon.jp/books/02/ 第4章 ハッカー精神とは何かプログラマーに求められる素養と思考方法
8
Who are we?
l Rakuten, Inc.
l Internet services company
l Founded : Feb. 7th 1997, Tokyo, Japan
l The first service: Rakuten Ichiba (shopping mall)
14
Hacker Ethics
• Sharing • Openness • Decentraization • Free access to computers • World improvement • Levy, Steven. (1984, 2001). Hackers: Heroes of
the Computer Revolution (updated edition). Penguin. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/729
15
Hacker Ethics
• Access to computers—and anything which might teach you something about the way the world works—should be unlimited and total. Always yield to the Hands-On Imperative!
• All information should be free • Mistrust authority – promote decentralization • Hackers should be judged by their hacking, not
criteria such as degrees, age, race, sex, or position • You can create art and beauty on a computer • Computers can change your life for the better
16
Hacker Culture, Common Value
• Computers can change your life for the better • rough consensus and working code
• http://www.ietf.org/tao.html • It is much easier to apologize than it is to get
permission. By Grace Hopper • If it's a good idea, go ahead and do it.
許可を求めるな謝罪せよ http://d.hatena.ne.jp/hyoshiok/20110205/p1
18
Hacker-centric Culture • Software Development in Internet Age
• Hire good programmers • Good programmers want to work with
good programmers at hacker centric culture
• Build good work place • Good programmers make good services
19
The Hacker Way (Facebook) IPO 2012
• Code wins arguments • Done is better than perfect • Continuous Improvement and Iteration • Open and Meritocratic • Hackathon – demo or die • Bootcamp • http://www.wired.com/business/2012/02/zuck-
letter/
21
Hacker-centric Culture • Why do we need it for me?
• It is fun. • Reasons
• Common good (make better world) • Competitiveness (win a competition) • Best practice (increase productivity)
22
How do we foster it? • Corporate culture is developed by implicit and
explicit way • Only insiders know it
24
Web 2.0 • Software products vs Internet Services
• http://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html 9/30/2005
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Web_2.0_Map.svg
25
Netscape vs Google • A native web application, never sold or
packaged, but delivered as a service • None of the trappings of the old software
industry are present. • No scheduled software releases, just continuous
improvement. • No licensing or sale, just usage. • No porting to different platforms, …, just a
massively scalable collection of commodity PCs running OSS operating systems plus homegrown applications and utilities that no one outside the company ever gets to see.
http://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html
26
Open Source
• History – Public domain – Proprietary Software – Free Software,
• GNU, 1983, • GNU General Public License, 1989
– Netscape opened source code, 1998
– Open Source software
27
Open Source license
• Open Source Definition – right to use, modify, redistribute
• http://opensource.org/osd
28
Open Source license
• copyleft – require same license to derivative
works – GNU General Public License, AGPL
• permissive – don’t require same license – MIT, Apache, BSD
30
Why OSS
• Innovation – collaboration with community
• Flexibility – freedom from vendor lock in
• Quality – fixing bugs, enhancements
31
Why do we need OSS license?
• Collaboration model – Cathedral and Bazaar
• Eric Raymond, 1997 • http://www.catb.org/esr/writings/
cathedral-bazaar/
• Ban Free riders – The Tragedy of the Commons
32
Bazaar
• Software Development Model • Engagement
– Users become Developers • Develop by Community
– individual vs. organization – volunteers
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Laad_Bazaar.jpg
33
Most of github hosted projects did not have any license.
http://www.blackducksoftware.com/resources/infographics/deep-license-data
35
copyleft vs permissive
Source License 2008 2011 2012 Black Duck GNU GPL 70% 56.9% 53.2%
Permissive N/A 25.6% 32.3% FLOSS Mole
GNU GPL 70.8% 62.8% 62.8% Permissive 10.9% 13.4% 13.7%
Google Code
GNU GPL N/A 54.7% 52.7% Permissive N/A 38.0% 37.1%
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o82QmitU4XE OSCON 2013, Eileen Evans, "Licensing Models and Building an Open Source Community"
Projects are increasingly using permissive licenses.
36
OSS Community • Typical OSS community
– Charisma, top programmers (e.g., Matsumoto san (Ruby), Linus Torvalds (Linux))
– Committers (top notch programmers who have the right to add/modify the OSS)
– Contributors (programmers who submit bug fixes, new proposals, patches)
– Casual users (report bugs, ask questions, etc)
committers
charisma
contributors
casual users
Matz Yugui
Linus
Greg K Hartman
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AGreg_Kroah-Hartman_lks08.jpg
37
Linux
• Commits 596K+ • contributors 14K+ • lines of code 18M+ • License GPL v2 • https://www.openhub.net/p/linux • (as of 07/16/2015)
38
Ruby
• commits 39K+ • contributors 99 • lines of code 987K+ • license GPL v2+, Ruby • https://www.openhub.net/p/ruby • (as of 07/16/2015)
39
Contributions to recent open source projects
License Project Year Started
Number of Commits
Number of Contributors
Lines of Code
Apache 2.0 OpenStack 2010 62K+ /129K+
1,043 /2,556
0.8 milioons+ /2.0 millions+
Apache 2.0 CloudStack 2010 17K+ /25K+
184 /312
1.7 millions+ /1.5 millions+
GPLv3 Eucalyptus 2009 72K+ /88K+
70 /120
1.3 millions+ /1.5 millions+
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o82QmitU4XE OSCON 2013, Eileen Evans, "Licensing Models and Building an Open Source Community"
(as of May 2013/Dec 2014)
http://www.ohloh.net/p/openstack http://www.ohloh.net/p/CloudStack http://www.ohloh.net/p/eucalyptus
40
Open source and Bazaar
• Open source software (OSS) – software license
• Bazaar – Software development model – global distributed collaborative work
41
OSS at Rakuten
• OSS is everywhere – Manual for collaborating with OSS
community – OSS training
• Homegrown applications – ROMA (Distributed KVS) – LeoFS (File System)
44
• Open source, patents, copyright, • The architecture is different but
purpose is the same • Making the world better
45
Open Innovation
• The technology at outside – collaboration is important
• Innovation at outside – vs NIH (Not Invented Here)
• Community – fun
47
In Japan
• Engineers at Web companies • IT study sessions, workshops,
meetups • Sharing common value
48
Conferences in Japan
http://ll.jus.or.jp/2014/ http://phpcon.php.gr.jp/w/2014/ http://yapcasia.org/2014/ https://pycon.jp/2014/ http://nodefest.jp/2014/
http://rubykaigi.org/2014 http://gocon.connpass.com/event/9748/
49
Conference
• Running by volunteers • Inexpensive, e.g., 5000 yen/day ($50/day) • Numbers attendees; more than 100 - 1000 • Sharing technical knowledge and networking • Beer Bash or Drinking Party (optional) • Examples, LL event, PHP Conference, YAPC (Yet
another perl conference), RubyKaigi, Tokyo Node Gakuen (Javascript), Go Conference
50
cf. Commercial Conference
• Running by corporation • Expensive, e.g., $300-$500/day • Numbers attendees; more than 1000 • Sharing technical knowledge and networking • Party (optional) • Examples, OSCON $2045 (5 days),
http://www.oscon.com/oscon2013
51
Rakuten Technology Conference 2015 November 21, 2015 Rakuten Crimson House, Futagotamagawa, Tokyo http://tech.rakuten.co.jp/
55
reference
• License – http://www.slideshare.net/YutakaKachi/20110211 – http://handsout.jp/slide/1009
• Bazaar model – Producing OSS http://producingoss.com/ja/ – Cathedral and Bazaar
http://cruel.org/freeware/cathedral.html
• Open Innovation – http://books.rakuten.co.jp/rb/5913864/ – http://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/tyousakai/seisaku/
haihu07/sanko1.pdf