Using Media in Using Media in Multimedia Multimedia James D. Lehman James D. Lehman Educational Technology Educational Technology School of Education School of Education
Feb 22, 2016
Using Media inUsing Media inMultimediaMultimedia
James D. LehmanJames D. LehmanEducational TechnologyEducational Technology
School of EducationSchool of Education
Using MultimediaUsing Multimedia
Objectives forObjectives forToday’s PresentationToday’s Presentation
ObjectivesObjectives
Identify the major types of media that can Identify the major types of media that can be incorporated into multimedia.be incorporated into multimedia.
Describe basic utilization principles for Describe basic utilization principles for each medium.each medium.
Critically examine examples of the use of Critically examine examples of the use of various media in presentations.various media in presentations.
Using MultimediaUsing Multimedia
Types of MediaTypes of Media
Basic Media TypesBasic Media Types
TextText
GraphicsGraphics
AudioAudio
VideoVideo
TextText FontFont
• Typeface, e.g., times, Typeface, e.g., times, bookmanbookman, , couriercourier
• Size: Size: 24 pt24 pt, , 32 pt32 pt, , 48 pt48 pt StyleStyle
• BoldfaceBoldface, , italicsitalics, , underlinedunderlined• Shadowed or Shadowed or not shadowed
ColorColor• Text Text colorcolor
TextText
What are the advantages and limitations of What are the advantages and limitations of text as a medium of information delivery in text as a medium of information delivery in multimedia?multimedia?
TextText
AdvantagesAdvantages• familiarfamiliar• source material source material
readily availablereadily available• easily producedeasily produced• flexibleflexible• efficient for many efficient for many
types of contenttypes of content• requires little spacerequires little space
LimitationsLimitations• reading level requiredreading level required• prior knowledge prior knowledge
requiredrequired• non-visualnon-visual• limited interactivitylimited interactivity• can have transport-can have transport-
ability problemsability problems
GraphicsGraphics
Clip ArtClip Art
PicturesPictures
Figures/GraphsFigures/Graphs
AnimationsAnimations1stQtr
2ndQtr
0204060
1stQtr
2ndQtr
EastWestNorth
GraphicsGraphics
Clip ArtClip Art
PicturesPictures
Figures/GraphsFigures/Graphs
AnimationsAnimations1stQtr
2ndQtr
0204060
1stQtr
2ndQtr
EastWestNorth
GraphicsGraphics
Clip ArtClip Art
PicturesPictures
Figures/GraphsFigures/Graphs
AnimationsAnimations1stQtr
2ndQtr
0204060
1stQtr
2ndQtr
EastWestNorth
GraphicsGraphics
Clip ArtClip Art
PicturesPictures
Figures/GraphsFigures/Graphs
AnimationsAnimations1stQtr
2ndQtr
0204060
1stQtr
2ndQtr
EastWestNorth
GraphicsGraphics
What are the advantages and limitations of What are the advantages and limitations of graphics as a medium of information graphics as a medium of information delivery in multimedia?delivery in multimedia?
GraphicsGraphics
AdvantagesAdvantages• efficientefficient• gain attentiongain attention• can be used to can be used to
support textsupport text• enhance visual enhance visual
appealappeal
LimitationsLimitations• dealing with varying dealing with varying
formatsformats• storage demandsstorage demands• complex graphics complex graphics
may not aid learningmay not aid learning• non-relevant non-relevant
graphics can interferegraphics can interfere
AudioAudio
Simple digital sounds (e.g., WAV files)Simple digital sounds (e.g., WAV files) Digitally recorded speechDigitally recorded speech Digital music files (e.g., MIDI)Digital music files (e.g., MIDI) CD-audioCD-audio
AudioAudio
What are the advantages and limitations of What are the advantages and limitations of audio as a medium of information delivery audio as a medium of information delivery in multimedia?in multimedia?
AudioAudio
AdvantagesAdvantages• good for some good for some
realistic content or realistic content or language teachinglanguage teaching
• helps auditory helps auditory learnerslearners
• can set a moodcan set a mood• complements other complements other
mediamedia
LimitationsLimitations• dealing with dealing with
varying formatsvarying formats• high storage high storage
demandsdemands• may be problematic may be problematic
in some in some environmentsenvironments
VideoVideo
Analog video (e.g., videodisc -- requires Analog video (e.g., videodisc -- requires
special system and/or 2nd monitor)special system and/or 2nd monitor)
Digital video (e.g., QuickTime, AVI, Digital video (e.g., QuickTime, AVI,
MPEG)MPEG)
VideoVideo
What are the advantages and limitations of What are the advantages and limitations of video as a medium of information delivery video as a medium of information delivery in multimedia?in multimedia?
VideoVideo
AdvantagesAdvantages• familiar mediumfamiliar medium• good for realismgood for realism• good for showing good for showing
motion/processesmotion/processes• good for physical and good for physical and
interpersonal skillsinterpersonal skills• gains attentiongains attention
LimitationsLimitations• very high storage very high storage
demands (digital)demands (digital)• dealing with varying dealing with varying
formatsformats• digital quality is digital quality is
sometimes poorsometimes poor• hard to produce; hard to produce;
requires specialized requires specialized equipmentequipment
Using MultimediaUsing Multimedia
Basic MediaBasic MediaUtilization PrinciplesUtilization Principles
What are some utilization guidelines What are some utilization guidelines or principles for text?or principles for text?
Using TextUsing Text
Keep text simple, and write clearly.Keep text simple, and write clearly. Use correct spelling and grammar.Use correct spelling and grammar. Write at a level appropriate for the Write at a level appropriate for the
audience.audience. Use easily readable fonts. Pick a size Use easily readable fonts. Pick a size
appropriate to the application.appropriate to the application. Avoid uncommon fonts if portability is an Avoid uncommon fonts if portability is an
issue.issue. Don’t try to put too much on one screen.Don’t try to put too much on one screen.
Using TextUsing Text
Use a consistent layout. Use headings to Use a consistent layout. Use headings to organize and communicate.organize and communicate.
Leave plenty of “white” space.Leave plenty of “white” space. Use contrasting colors for text and background.Use contrasting colors for text and background. Highlight Highlight importantimportant information, but use information, but use
highlighting highlighting sparingly.sparingly. Don’t use ALL CAPITALS.Don’t use ALL CAPITALS.
Using GraphicsUsing Graphics
GuidelinesWhat are some utilization What are some utilization guidelines or principles for guidelines or principles for graphics?graphics?
Using GraphicsUsing Graphics Keep visuals simple; avoid excessive detail.Keep visuals simple; avoid excessive detail. Use a clear, uncluttered layout.Use a clear, uncluttered layout. Properly align and balance visual elements.Properly align and balance visual elements. Use graphics for interest and to illustrate Use graphics for interest and to illustrate
concepts, but avoid non-relevant visuals.concepts, but avoid non-relevant visuals. Use appropriate types of graphics for the Use appropriate types of graphics for the
content.content.
Using GraphicsUsing Graphics
Use textual elements with visuals when Use textual elements with visuals when appropriate.appropriate.
Use visuals to gain the user’s attention, e.g., Use visuals to gain the user’s attention, e.g., through surprise, interaction, or in other through surprise, interaction, or in other ways.ways.
Use pleasing, high contrast or Use pleasing, high contrast or complementary color combinations; use no complementary color combinations; use no more than 4-5 colors on-screen at once.more than 4-5 colors on-screen at once.
Using GraphicsUsing Graphics
Colors either opposite one another or Colors either opposite one another or adjacent to one another on a color wheel adjacent to one another on a color wheel tend to work well together.tend to work well together.
What are some utilization guidelines What are some utilization guidelines or principles for audio?or principles for audio?
Using AudioUsing Audio
Use audio to deliver content when Use audio to deliver content when appropriate (e.g., famous speech, heart appropriate (e.g., famous speech, heart sounds).sounds).
Use only the quality of digital audio (i.e. Use only the quality of digital audio (i.e. sampling rate) needed for the content. sampling rate) needed for the content.
Use sounds for emphasis, but avoid using Use sounds for emphasis, but avoid using negative sounds for feedback.negative sounds for feedback.
Using AudioUsing Audio
Use music in the background to enhance Use music in the background to enhance interest or set a tone. interest or set a tone.
Be sure sound quality and volume is Be sure sound quality and volume is adequate.adequate.
Make sure audio can be controlled or even Make sure audio can be controlled or even turned off through the software or turned off through the software or hardware.hardware.
What are some utilization guidelines What are some utilization guidelines or principles for video?or principles for video?
Using VideoUsing Video
Use video to deliver content with a high Use video to deliver content with a high degree of realism, to show degree of realism, to show motion/processes, or to show people.motion/processes, or to show people.
Use video for dramatic effect.Use video for dramatic effect. Use video for content that has a low Use video for content that has a low
potential for change (because of the potential for change (because of the production costs).production costs).
Using VideoUsing Video
When video quality is critical, analog video When video quality is critical, analog video (e.g.,videodisc) or MPEG is probably (e.g.,videodisc) or MPEG is probably preferred, but lesser digital formats (e.g., preferred, but lesser digital formats (e.g., QuickTime) work for much content.QuickTime) work for much content.
Use pacing and presentation changes in Use pacing and presentation changes in video to create interest.video to create interest.
Design digital video for the limitations of the Design digital video for the limitations of the computer screen (e.g., sizing).computer screen (e.g., sizing).
Using MultimediaUsing Multimedia
Some ExamplesSome Examples
Using MultimediaUsing Multimedia
THE ENDTHE END