• Using knowledge of Earth and Changes to: – Locate and characterize geologic resources – Quantify material properties used for engineering – Investigating processes that transform Earth materials and our environment posing risks Dr. Jamie Martin-Hayden University of Toledo Department of Earth, Ecological and Environmental Sciences
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Using knowledge of Earth and Changes to: –Locate and characterize geologic resources –Quantify material properties used for engineering –Investigating.
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• Using knowledge of Earth and Changes to:– Locate and characterize geologic resources– Quantify material properties used for
engineering– Investigating processes that transform Earth
materials and our environment posing risks
Dr. Jamie Martin-HaydenUniversity of ToledoDepartment of Earth, Ecological and
Geology forms the basis of our great civilizations
Environmental Geology
The Cradle of Civilization Sprung from geology of the region
Tigris River, Iraq
http://encarta.msn.com/
Why Study Geology?
– The Cradle of Civilization (Fertile Crescent)
– Development limited by availability, e.g., soil, water, energy
– Conflicts based on resources, e.g., water, minerals, oil…
http://encarta.msn.com/
1. Geological Resources
Misuse of Resources
These Maps illustrate the Fertile Crescent in 1973 (top) and 2000 (bottom). Permanent marshlands, pictured in green, have shrunk 90 percent in that period.
Illustration courtesy United Nations Environment Program
2. The Environment
Misuse of Geologic ResourcesDesiccation of the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan
Earthquake hits a stone- and mud-house city of 100,000 in Iran 12-26-03– 30,000 Dead– 30,000 Refugees
• US sends aid and releases sanctions
• Relations improved
Photos from AP
3. Geological HazardsVolcanoes
Landslides
Earthquakes
4. Geology in Engineering4. Geology in EngineeringSlope Failure Risk Assessment and Control
To prevent slope failure engineers must understand the geology that forms and controls the slope
Geology in EngineeringGeology in Engineering
Committee member John Burland, an engineer, promoted soil extraction as the best way to save the tower.
In Pisa the tilted one is back in In Pisa the tilted one is back in business after an 11-year effort business after an 11-year effort to keep it from collapsingto keep it from collapsing
The Leaning Tower Straightens UpThe Leaning Tower Straightens Up
www.smithsonianmag.si.edu
Engineers use knowledge of geology to design, protect and correct structures
5. Landforms and Surface Processes
• Glaciers• Mass Wasting
• Streams
• Shorelines
• Deserts
• Groundwaterhttp://www.berann.com
H.C. Berann (1915-1999) Yosemite National Park, 1987
Sub DisciplinesSub DisciplinesAreas of Study Which Rely on GeologyAreas of Study Which Rely on Geology
• Environmental Geology– Environmental Sciences: how we influence
the earth – Geologic Hazards: how geology influences us