Using In-Network Adaptation to Tackle Inefficiencies Caused by DASH in Information-Centric Networks

USING IN-NETWORK ADAPTATION

TO TACKLE INEFFICIENCIES

CAUSED BY DASH IN

INFORMATION-CENTRIC NETWORKS

Posch et al. 1In-Network Adaptation in Information-centric Networking

D. Posch, C. Kreuzberger, B. Rainer and H. HellwagnerAlpen-Adria University Klagenfurt (AAU) ♦ Faculty of Technical Sciences (TEWI)

Institute of Information Technology (ITEC) ♦ Multimedia Communication (MMC)

e-mail: [email protected]

[email protected]

INFORMATION-CENTRIC NETWORKING

Posch et al. In-Network Adaptation in Information-centric Networking 2

A

BC

get object B

A

C

BB

D

C

D

B

untrusted

connection

trustable

copy of B

untrusted host

ICN communication model

D

IMPORTANT ICN CHARACTERISTICS

Posch et al. In-Network Adaptation in Information-centric Networking 3

named objects

location independence

content-based security

network inherent caching

scalable content distribution

traffic engineering based on context- and

content-awareness (name resolution)

…

overall increase of efficiency/performance

enables

requires

MPEG-DASH + ICN ?

Posch et al. In-Network Adaptation in Information-centric Networking 4

Time Network Time

Time

Ban

dw

idth

...

...

...

Segmentson Server

Buffer-Levelon Client

Qu

alit

y

high

fair

low

Consumer Demands MPEG-DASH

Transport Efficiency ICN

Flexibility MPEG-DASH

PROBLEMS OF MPEG-DASH IN ICN

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Pure client-driven adaptation based on

local parameters leads to problems in ICN:

Oscillation effects

Client Starvation

…

ICN characteristics need to be considered

Inherent network caching

Multipath delivery

SCENARIO: CLIENT STARVATION

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100

Mbit/s

{20,25,30}

Mbit/s

100

Mbit/s

100 Mbit/s

8 Mbit/s

8 Mbit/s

8 Mbit/s0

33

66

34

67

99

Core

ICN Router

ICN

Router

Server

ICN

Router

ICN

Router

Network Topology Content Popularity

RESULTS: MPEG-DASH

Posch et al. In-Network Adaptation in Information-centric Networking 7

DASH: Clients consuming unpopular content starve

PURE CLIENT-DRIVEN ADAPTATION

IS NOT SUFFICIENT IN ICN

ICN nodes have additional knowledge

Transmitted data (video, VoIP, etc.)

Content dissemination

Network load (local view)

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Adapt the content during its journey

through the network based on a node’s

context- and content-awareness.

nodes are

context- and

content-aware

Approach: In-Network Adaptation (INA)

IN-NETWORK ADAPTATION IN ICN

Manipulation of data was not envisaged during the

development of ICN’s communication paradigm

Content-based security couples a packet’s name and

its data inextricably with a digital signature

Posch et al. In-Network Adaptation in Information-centric Networking 9

/user/music

user

private key

/user/ music

Signatur e

name

public-key

cryptography

data

self-identifying

authenticated packet

linked via a

hash function

ADAPTATION THROUGH TRANSCODING

Develop protocols to enable other users to modify published

data under certain circumstances

Disadvantages: trustful relationship, management overhead

Posch et al. In-Network Adaptation in Information-centric Networking 10

/user/ music

Signatur e

producerconsumercontext- and content-

aware network element

/user/ music

Signatur e

transfer of trust

remote signing

SCALABLE CONTENT

Encode each layer of scalable content in a different set of

“ICN packets”. Layers can be omitted from transmission.

Posch et al. In-Network Adaptation in Information-centric Networking 11

Raw

Content

Layered

Encoding

Segments

for each Layer

1

BL

EL 1

EL 2

2 3 n...

FIRST APPROACH OF INA

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Hybrid: client-driven + network-guided adaptation

Data

Consumer 1

Adapting

Entity

Consumer 100

Content 1:

Content 10:

RR

RR

R

C C C

C C C

Content

Provider

...

... !

FIRST APPROACH OF INA

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Hybrid: client-driven + network-guided adaptation

Data

Consumer 1

Adapting

Entity

discarded due

to congestionConsumer 100

NACK

Content 1:

Content 10:

R C C C

C C C

Content

Provider

...

... RR

R R

FIRST APPROACH OF INA

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Clients use the BIEB adaptation logic [1]

Adaptation policy Interests are classified on a per layer basis

Drop interests interests according to importance• Lower layers are more important than higher layers

Adaptation entities keep track of Number of interests received for a specific layer (time

window)

Recalculate dropping probabilities (pre-defined periods)

Sends NACK if interests are dropped[1] C. Sieber, T. Hoßfeld, T. Zinner, P. Tran-Gia, and C. Timmerer. “Implementation and User-centric Comparison of a Novel Adaptation Logic for DASH with SVC. In Proceedings of IFIP/IEEE International Workshop on Quality of Experience Centric Management, 2013.

RESULTS: INA + MPEG-DASH

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CONCLUSION

There are obstacles for MPEG-DASH in ICN

Pure client-driven adaptation is not sufficient

INA based on scalable content provides further

adaptation opportunities

Network nodes can monitor traffic and guide

the adaptation process

First (hybrid) approach presented providing

acceptable video quality for all consumers

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THANK YOU!

Posch et al. In-Network Adaptation in Information-centric Networking 17