Jul 18, 2015
Introduction
Secondary Level• Learning all language skills based on
Content Standards for the teaching of English (Depdiknas, 2006)
Tertiary Level
• Learning language skills through discrete skill courses & Integrated skill course. i.e. English Intensive Course (IC)
Introduction (Cont.)
Non-English Department
• Learning language skills through the General English (GE) or General Courses (Mata Kuliah Umum) and
through ESP.
Integrating Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) in
ELT
“Teachers should consider using the internet for various language teaching purposes and cross-cultural communication”
Warschauer (1995)
“The use of internet are technologically and academically sound.
Cahyono and Widiati (2007)
Series of Courses in
Teaching WritingWriting I
Paragraph Development
Writing II
Developments of Essays of Various Types
Writing III
Development of Argumentative and Persuasive Essay
Djiwandono (2009) found that sharing reading texts through Facebook improved the students vocabulary learning.
Literature Review
Sahdan (2009) stated that Facebook has attractive applications and interesting features. For example, it has, among others, Wall application , Friend application, and Gift application.
Process-Based Approach
Prewriting (Planning)
Writing (Writing the First Draft)
Revising
Publishing
Writing (Writing the First Draft)
(Sebranek ,Kemper, & Meyer, 1999)
Research Method
Action research occurs through “a dynamic and complementary process, which consist of four essential ‘moments’ of : planning, action, observation and reflection.”
Kemmis and McTaggart (1988, as quoted by Burns, 1999: 32)
• The planning stage of the action began before the Writng II couse was taught as it was designed to improve the students’ skill in writing various types of essays by combining the traditional face-to-face mode of teaching with the innovative Internet-based teching. All students were asked to provide images to their online essays to make them more interesting. Each type of the essays was taught in one unit of instruction.
Planning the Action
1) Creating a special album “Essay Writing” in each of students’ Facebook account
2) Uploading some pictures and putting them in the album
3) Writing a description of the picture in the available space underneath the picture
4) Giving comments/feedback
The Action
Collecting Data and
Observing the Action
1. Assessing students’ online assays using the ESL Composition Profile (Jacobs, et al., 1981)
2. Scoring essays on the basis of 5 components:• content (30%)• organisation (20%)• vocabulary (20%)• language use (25%)• mechanics (5%)
3. Giving the scoring sheets containing total scores and the rater’s remarks to the students
At the end of Semester….
1. Do you think that your writing skills have improved in some way after following the Writing II course?
2. What’s your opinion about publishing your essay on Facebook?
3. Do you have any comments about a certain aspect of the Writing II course?
Questionnaire asking the students’ opinions about the application of Facebook
• Analysing students’ scores of 6 types of essays
• Presenting them in the form of a list of scores and the mean scores for all the topics
• Judging the success of the students’ writing
Good or successful at least 77% (B+ score) of the optimal competence level
Reflection
• Analysing the students’ responses to the questionnaire items.
• The variability of the responses
• The general tendency of response variability based on the cases of occurrence.
Results
Improvement of the Students’ Skill in Writing English Essays
Students’ Opinion on the Instructional Activities
Score of the Students’
Essays
Responses to the
Questionnaire
Students’ Opinion on the Instructional Activities
All of the students stated that their skill in writing English essays improved in various aspects.
1. Do you think that your writing skills have improved in some way
after following the Writing II course?
• It enables them to read other students’ work.
• It enables them to get comments from other students.
• It encourages them to write a good essay.• It stimulates them to learn ICT and to create
or edit some pictures.
2. What’s your opinion about publishing your essay on Facebook?
Postive comments
It is Joyfull learning
& inspiring
Negative comments
It is monotonous activites
®ularity in
checking students’ drafts
3. Do you have any comments about a certain aspect of the Writing II course?
Traditional Modern
Using
Most of the students in the
present study viewed the use
of Facebook positively
(Cahyono and Widiati’s
study, 2007)
Good
impact
Students need to be given project-based-
learning by using the Internet in order to
be able to practice managing their more
independent way of learning (Pathak.
2007).
The use of Facebook enhanced the skill in Writing English essays of the English Department of State University of Malang.
It is important to integrate Internet resources in the teaching of English.
The policy makers are recommended to give supports in terms of of providing Internet-supporting facilities for the students ans teachers.