10-Sep-02 10-Sep-02 Page Page 1 Gadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - Indonesia Gadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - Indonesia Gadjah Mada Universit y 10-Sep-02 10-Sep-02 Page 1 Page 1 Gadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - Indonesia Gadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - Indonesia Using DAML+OIL to Enrich RDF Schema for the Information Integration Ahmad Ashari IIWAS 2002 Bandung - Indonesia Sept 10 th -12 th 2002 Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
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Using DAML+OIL to Enrich RDF Schema for the Information Integration
Gadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - Indonesia. 10-Sep-02. Page 1. Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. Using DAML+OIL to Enrich RDF Schema for the Information Integration. Ahmad Ashari IIWAS 2002 Bandung - Indonesia Sept 10 th -12 th 2002. Outline. Information Integration - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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10-Sep-0210-Sep-02 Page Page 11Gadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - IndonesiaGadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - Indonesia
Gadjah MadaUniversity
10-Sep-0210-Sep-02 Page 1Page 1Gadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - IndonesiaGadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - Indonesia
Using DAML+OIL to Enrich RDF Schema for the Information Integration
Ahmad AshariIIWAS 2002 Bandung - Indonesia
Sept 10th-12th 2002
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
10-Sep-0210-Sep-02 Page Page 22Gadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - IndonesiaGadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - Indonesia
Gadjah MadaUniversityOutline
• Information Integration• Resource Description Framework (RDF)• DAML+OIL• RDF Schema vs DAML+OIL• Conclusion and Future work
10-Sep-0210-Sep-02 Page Page 33Gadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - IndonesiaGadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - Indonesia
Gadjah MadaUniversityInformation Integration
There are three type of information integration task:• Technical Integration already done with TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, etc.• Syntactic Integration also already done with HTML• Semantic Integration Semantic Web in the future
10-Sep-0210-Sep-02 Page Page 44Gadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - IndonesiaGadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - Indonesia
Gadjah MadaUniversityIntegration Problem
Too much unintegrated data:– from a variety of incompatible sources– no standard naming convention– each with a custom browsing and querying mechanism (no common interface)– and poor interaction with other data sources
10-Sep-0210-Sep-02 Page Page 55Gadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - IndonesiaGadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - Indonesia
Gadjah MadaUniversityData Sources
• Flat Files• URLs• Proprietary Databases• Public Databases• Spreadsheets• Emails• Etc.
10-Sep-0210-Sep-02 Page Page 66Gadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - IndonesiaGadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - Indonesia
Gadjah MadaUniversityOutline
• Information Integration• Resource Description Framework (RDF)• DAML+OIL• RDF Schema vs DAML+OIL• Conclusion and Future work
10-Sep-0210-Sep-02 Page Page 77Gadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - IndonesiaGadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - Indonesia
Resource Description Framework (RDF):• (Syntactical) basis of the “semantic web”• Similar to semi-structured data: graphs (RDF ~ OEM)• Three basic object types:
– resources: all things being described; named by URIs– properties: attributes to describe a resource– statements: subject + predicate + object;
are all resources (object can also be a literal)• Example:
– “the creator of this home page is Ahmad Ashari”• subject: http://www.ifs.tuwien.ac.at/~ashari/• predicate: http://www.purl.org/dc/.../creator• object: “Ahmad Ashari”
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Gadjah MadaUniversity
• Representation– Model as graph:
– Serialized in XML syntax (“RDF/XML”):<?xml version="1.0"?><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#” xmlns:dc="http://www.purl.org/dc/elements/1.0/">
http://www.ifs.tuwien.ac.at/~ashari/ Ahmad Asharidc:creator
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Gadjah MadaUniversityRDF Schema
• RDF = simple data model• RDF Schema allows definition of vocabularies for RDF data• Simple frame system / ontology language:
– classes, subclasses, properties, sub-properties, domain, range• Extension of RDF in RDF
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Gadjah MadaUniversityXML Name Space
XML Name Space (XMLNS) are use for abbreviated a Universal Resource Identifier (URI) for example:
– xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#“for rdf, which point to RDF Model and Syntax Specification URI
– xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#“for rdfs, which point to RDF Schema Specification URI
10-Sep-0210-Sep-02 Page Page 1111Gadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - IndonesiaGadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - Indonesia
Gadjah MadaUniversityOutline
• Information Integration• Resource Description Framework (RDF)• DAML+OIL• RDF Schema vs DAML+OIL• Conclusion and Future work
10-Sep-0210-Sep-02 Page Page 1212Gadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - IndonesiaGadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - Indonesia
Gadjah MadaUniversityDAML
• DAML or DARPA Agent Markup Language is a language created by DARPA as an ontology and inference language based upon RDF
• DAML takes RDF Schema a step further, by giving us more in depth properties and classes
• DAML allows one to be even more expressive than with RDF Schema, and brings us back on track with our Semantic Web discussion by providing some simple terms for creating inferences
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Gadjah MadaUniversityDAML+OIL
• Bringing together DAML’s ontology language and OIL– OIL stand for Ontology Inference Layer or Ontology Interchange Language– Ontology is a formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualization
• Keeps OIL’s mapping to Description Logic. – OIL support for Frame Based and Description Logic
• Use XML syntax and extension of RDF• Support for concrete types (from XML Schema)
10-Sep-0210-Sep-02 Page Page 1515Gadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - IndonesiaGadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - Indonesia
Gadjah MadaUniversityOutline
• Information Integration• Resource Description Framework (RDF)• DAML+OIL• RDF Schema vs DAML+OIL• Conclusion and Future work
10-Sep-0210-Sep-02 Page Page 1616Gadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - IndonesiaGadjah Mada University - Yogyakarta - Indonesia
Gadjah MadaUniversityRDF Schema vs DAML+OIL
Class definition for enumeration<daml:Class rdf:ID="Height">
<daml:oneOf rdf:parseType="daml:collection">
<Height rdf:ID="short"/>
<Height rdf:ID="medium"/>
<Height rdf:ID="tall"/>
</daml:oneOf>
</daml:Class>
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Gadjah MadaUniversityClass definition for a property
<daml:Class rdf:ID="TallThing">
<daml:sameClassAs>
<daml:Restriction>
<daml:onProperty rdf:resource="#hasHeight"/>
<daml:hasValue rdf:resource="#tall"/>
</daml:Restriction>
</daml:sameClassAs>
</daml:Class>
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transitive(subPropertyOf).transitive(subClassOf).FORALL O,P,V O[P->V] <- O[P->V]@Mdl.FORALL O,P,V O[P->V] <- EXISTS S (S[subPropertyOf->P] AND O[S->V]).FORALL O,P,V O[P->V] <- transitive(P) AND EXISTS W (O[P->W] AND W[P->V]).FORALL O,T O[type->T] <- EXISTS S (S[subClassOf->T] AND O[type->S]).
}
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rdfs:subClassOf -> animals:Carnivore].}FORALL Ont @check(Ont) {
FORALL C unsatisfiable(C) <-C[daml:subClassOf -> daml:Nothing]@daml_oil(Ont).
}
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Gadjah MadaUniversityConclusion and Future Work
• DAML+OIL system can enrich RDF and RDFS, which is with this ontology based language we can eliminate the limitation of RDF Schema in describing the meaning of each information sources.
• In the previous work we already used RDF and RDF Schema for the Information Integration in tourism domain. DAML+OIL introduces many constructs and richer than RDF and RDFS, therefore in the future our works will use DAML+OIL for the Information Integration in the same or other domain.