Using Conservation Tillage to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in China Prof. Li Hongwen Prof. Li Hongwen Taishan Scholar and Specially Engaged Professor of Shandong University of Technology Conservation Tillage Research Center, MOA China China Agricultural University www.cn-ct.net
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Using Conservation Tillage to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in China Prof. Li Hongwen Taishan Scholar and Specially Engaged Professor of Shandong University.
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Using Conservation Tillage to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in China
Prof. Li HongwenProf. Li HongwenTaishan Scholar and Specially Engaged Professor of Shandong University of
Technology Conservation Tillage Research Center, MOA ChinaChina Agricultural University
www.cn-ct.net
Who I am?• Dr. Li Hongwen, Professor of CAU;
• Taishan Scholar and specially engaged professor of Shandong University of technology.
• Head of Conservation Tillage Research, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R.C.
• Senior Expert of Conservation Tillage for Ministry of Agriculture and 9 Provinces, P.R.C. Consultants for ADB and GEF projects.
• 12 times of awards and honors from China Centeral government and Ministry of agriculture, Ministry of education, and some provinces.
• Conservation tillage research since 1991.
CTRC
Started from an ACIAR Project with Dr. Jeff Tullberg
1. Machines development for CT2. Ct farming systems3. CT / Wind erosion , Water erosion, Greenhouse
gas emission……4. Weed control for CT5. Measurement of residue cover rate (using Digital
picture )
CTRC
• Only and leading organization on CT in China
• Main support to MOA on CT
• CT field since 1992
• Proved the possibility of CT in China small farm land, small machines
• All the technology and machines are most used in CT areas
CTRC
• Realized double crops conservation tillage in China.
CTRC
• Using CT to reduce wind erosion, water erosion, and greenhouse gas emission.
Dr. Li Hongwen is the chief expert for Beijin conservation tillage
CTRC
• About more than 50% no-till planters in China are from CTRC’s prototypes.
• With CTRC, you can stand on a high level to do cooperative work.
CT/CA in China
• Accept the idea of CA
• CT cost long time fro Chinese to familiar. In order not to make confused in the concepts
• We treat CA as Connotation of CT
• --Prefer using CT other than CA
Effect of Conservation Tillage on GHG
crop
soil
groundwater
Electric fan
pore
pedestal
Close chamber
crop
soil
groundwater
Electric fan
pore
pedestal
Close chamber
crop
soil
groundwater
Electric fan
pore
crop
soil
groundwater
Electric fan
pore
crop
soil
groundwater
Electric fan
pore
crop
soil
groundwater
Electric fan
pore
crop
soil
groundwater
Electric fan
pore
crop
soil
groundwater
Electric fan
pore
crop
soil
groundwater
Electric fan
pore
pedestal
Close chamber
Double Cropping Area
Single cropping area
North of China
1
Study Sites
Site 1 Wuchuan--- Agro-pastoral region
• Inner Mongolian, 111°42´N, 41°12´E. semi-arid and agro-pastoral region, mean annual precipitation 300-350 mm. Spring wheat.
Tillage
Residue cover
(760kg/ha)
Conventional tillage
No tillage
No cover
Conventional tillage
No tillage
Double Cropping Area
Single cropping area
North of China
Study Sites
2
Site 2 Daxing----Traffic and non traffic
• Beijing (39°45´N, 116°20´E). Annual precipitation 570 mm, double crops of maize and wheat
Conservation Tillage
Traffic Controlled Traffic
Random
Traffic
Double Cropping Area
Single cropping area
North of China
Study Sites
3
Site 3 Luancheng----Double crops area
• Hebei Province(37°50′N, 114°40′E). Semi-humid region, average annual rainfall 550mm. double crops of maize and wheat
Tillage
Residue
Plowed with residue return into soil
Rotary hoe with residue return into soil
No-till with residue cover
Results----Site 1Resi due Covered
0
0. 5
1
1. 5
2
2. 5
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Ti me af ter t i l l age (h)
Soil
CO
2 fl
ux (
g m
-2 h
-1) No t i l l Pl ough
Tillage Effect: Significant
1.Tiilage give more CO2 flux,135% and 70%
2. At the beginning after plow, the difference is great,1.96,1.07
Bare Fal l ow
0
0. 5
1
1. 5
2
2. 5
3
3. 5
4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Ti me af ter t i l l age (h)
Soil
CO
2 fl
ux (
g m
-2 h
-1) No t i l l Pl ough
Effect of Tillage on Cumulative CO2 Flux
117.87 117.9
276.9200.4
Results----Site 2• Traffic and Non Traffic
Under opaque chamber: Controlled traffic give more CO2 at crop zone, 95.04±6.79g/m2d, random traffic 50.91±7.57g/m2d
Transparent chamber: No Significant difference
CO2 NS
CO2 **
No significant difference between Random traffic field and controlled traffic field
Significant between traffic zone and Controlled Traffic
aa
b
Results----Site 3• Double crops area
Conventional Tillage gives more CO2 emission than Rotary tillage and No-till for the whole year. 11.30g/m2, 9.63g/m2, and 7.99 g/m2
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
5- Apr 20- Apr 5- May 20- May 4- J un 19- J un 4- J ul 19- J ul 3- Aug 18- Aug 2- Sep 17- Sep 2- Oct 17- Oct 1- Nov 16- Nov
date
CO2
flux
mg m
(-2
h-1)
convent i onal t i l l age
Rotary t i l l age
No t i l l age
5/Apr 5/May 4/Jun 4/July 3/Aug 2/Sep 2/Oct 1/Nov
Experiments on Fuel burn Emission
• Fuel burn emission:Daxing district, Beijing
Control traffic / None Controlled traffic
smokemeter
Speed Sensor
fuel meter
Machine
Result 1.Controlled traffic can reduced 9.7L/hm2a fuel consumption
2. If the emission of 2.75Kg CO2 per L fuel, Then CO2 flux 87.7kg/hm2 in controlled traffic and 114.4kg/hm2 in random traffic.
Conclusion & Suggestion
1. Soil tillage can increase CO2 emission. Straw return to field also increase CO2 emission, but , it less than straw burning or breeding----- Conservation tillage can reduce greenhouse gas emission .
2. Conservation tillage, especially controlled traffic significantly decrease fuel consumption, these mean conservation tillage can reduce greenhouse gas emission.
3. Conservation tillage can reduce CO2 20kg/mu (300kg/ha) , if 10% farmland in northern China (about 6 million ha ) , then Co2 from farmland can be reduced by about 5×104t
4. If 5% farmland in northern China adopt conservation tillage with Controlled traffic, then CO2 from farmland can be reduced by about 8.3×104t only from saving fuel
5. If CO2 reduction only 300kg/ha, and CO2 price is US$50/t, So……., one ha CT, equal to 300kg CO2 reduction, equal to US$15/ha
Conclusion & Suggestion
• It is a new topic in China, above data is only from 2 years experiments.
Future research:
• Influence of fertilizer and herbicide on CO2 emission;