Using BDD as a communication tool between the business and technology

@letitia_fearon @sebrose

Using BDD as a communication tool

between the business and technology

Letitia Fearon BA Team Manager Lloyd’s of London

Seb Rose Director Cucumber Limited

@letitia_fearon @sebrose www.projectcartoon.com


What behaviour does the customer actually want?


What do successful projects look like?



Shared understanding




Detect broken

behaviour

quickly




The codebase supports change

Detect broken

behaviour

quickly




Know what to do next


Detect broken

behaviour

quickly




Know when you’re done Know what to do next


Detect broken

behaviour

quickly


Behaviour Driven Development“An approach that enhances the

communica1on between stakeholders and project team

members by expressing product needs as concrete examples.”

Agile Extension to IIBA BABOK ®


“BDD prac11oners explore, discover, define and then drive-

out the desired behaviour of soIware using conversa1ons,

concrete examples and automated tests”

MaK Wynne


Where does the fit in?BA

BDD approach

Pick a user story

BDD approach

Pick a user story

3 Amigos

BDD approach

Pick a user story

Formulate

3 Amigos

BDD approach

Pick a user story

Formulate

3 Amigos

Review

BDD approach

Pick a user story

Formulate

3 Amigos

Review

Development

BDD approach

Pick a user story

Automate

Formulate

3 Amigos

Review

Development

BDD approach

Pick a user story

Automate

Formulate

3 Amigos

Review

Implement

Development

BDD approach

Pick a user story

Automate

Formulate

3 Amigos

Review

Implement

Development

BDD approach


Conversations


Conversations

Give me an example.Have

you thought about …

Is there something else that needs to

happen?

Is that always true?

What would happen

if … ?


Structured conversations with Example Mapping

https://cucumber.io/blog/2015/12/08/example-mapping-introduction




Story




Story

Rule Rule




Story

Rule Rule

Example

Example Example




Story

Rule Rule

Example

Example ExampleExample




Story

Rule Rule

Example


Question




Example

Story

Rule Rule

Example Example


Question




Rule

Example

Story

Rule Rule

Example Example


Question




Rule

Example

Story

Rule Rule

Example Example


Question

Question

Question

Question




Rule

Example

Story

Rule Rule

Example Example





Rule

Story

Rule RuleRule

Rule RuleRule

RuleRule


Elicitation using rules and examples

Story - Display library opening times



Story - Display library opening times

Rules - Library opening hours are

Monday to Friday, 9:00 to 17:00



Examples - The library is open on

Monday 29/5/17 at 10:00





Examples - The library is open on

Monday 29/5/17 at 10:00(a UK Bank Holiday)




ExamplesRules

The relationship between

and


Examples

Rules

illustrate


Examples

Rules

Tests

can become

illustrate


Examples

Rules

Tests

can become

verify

illustrate


ExamplesRules

The difference between


ExamplesRules


Abstract Concrete


ExamplesRules


Concise

Abstract Concrete

Precise


ExamplesRules


Concise

Abstract

Close a conversation Start a conversation

Concrete

Precise


ExamplesRules


Concise

Abstract

Close a conversation Start a conversation

Concrete

Precise

Closer to solution Closer to problem


Anatomy of an example

OUTCOME



ACTION OUTCOME



CONTEXT ACTION OUTCOME


Examples describe system behaviour

Behaviour = Context + Action + Outcome


Examples describe system behaviour

Behaviour = Context + Action + Outcome

System = Σ(Behaviour)


Good examples should be:• Interesting

• Declarative

• Ubiquitous

• Concrete

• Essential

• Focused



• Declarative

• Ubiquitous

• Concrete

• Essential

• Focused

➡ Every example has reason for existing



• Declarative

• Ubiquitous

• Concrete

• Essential

• Focused


➡ What, not how



• Declarative

• Ubiquitous

• Concrete

• Essential

• Focused


➡ What, not how

➡ Written in business terminology



• Declarative

• Ubiquitous

• Concrete

• Essential

• Focused


➡ What, not how


➡ Using actual data values …



• Declarative

• Ubiquitous

• Concrete

• Essential

• Focused


➡ What, not how



➡ … that contribute to understanding



• Declarative

• Ubiquitous

• Concrete

• Essential

• Focused


➡ What, not how



➡ … that contribute to understanding

➡ Illustrate only a single rule


Library requirementAt the library, it’s free to take out books that are on the shelves, but there is a charge if you want to reserve an item that’s currently on loan.The charges are: • Adult membership - £1.00 per item • Child membership

• Free for up to 6 children’s books • 50p per item for all others


Sample example

map

Apply reservation charges to library members

Adults pay a reservation charge of £1 per item

C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves a book O. The charge is £1

What should we charge someone that reserves an

item that is already in stock?

Children do not pay a reservation charge for the first 6 children’s books they reserve. There is a charge of 50p for other items.

C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves a children’s book O. There is no charge

C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves a children’s book O. The charge is £1

C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves 5 books O. The charge is £5

C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves 6 children’s books O. There is no charge

C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves 7 children’s books O. The charge is 50p

C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves an adult book O. The charge is 50p

How many items can a member reserve?


Sample example

map







Sample example

map Apply reservation charges to library members





C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves a children’s book

C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves 6 children’s books


Sample example

map











How many items can a


Sample example

mapApply reservation charges to library members





C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves a children’s

C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves 6 children’s books


Sample example

map










Sample example

map







Sample example

map

A. Andrew reserves a book O. The charge is £1







Sample example

map















Formulation


FormulationC: Andrew is an adult member


Formulation

Given that Andrew has adult membership

C: Andrew is an adult member


Formulation


C: Andrew is an adult member C: Andrew is an adult member

A: Andrew reserves a book


Formulation




Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 book


Formulation






O: The charge is £1

Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 book


Formulation






O: The charge is £1

Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 book Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 book Then he should be charged £1


AutomationScenario: Andrew reserves a book

Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 book Then he should be charged £1




Scenario: Andrew reserves a book


Scenario: Andrew reserves a children’s book

Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 children’s book Then he should be charged £1


























Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 children’s book Then he should be charged £1 Expected ‘1.00’, but received ‘0.00’


Case study

• More than $4.4 trillion managed assets • Over 2,500 IT staff in 200+ agile teams

• Shift-Left initiative running for 2 years • “More of a mindset shift” • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAjkc28nUjY


Case study

Reported results: • Shorter testing cycle • Reduced defect count • Reduced time to market • Increased team confidence and reduced

levels of anxiety • Reduced manual testing costs


Roadshow Get more people on board

Training Brown Bag and Forums Open Space Conference

Shift Left Pyramid

Manual vs Automation

Process Changes Team Norms

Automation Engineer Product Test Engineer

Case study

So, what is BDD?Behaviour Driven Development consists of three core practices:


Discovery Create a shared understanding of the requirements through

collaboration, typically achieved through a structured conversation centred on rules and examples




Formulation Examples of system behaviour are documented using

business terminology






Automation The documentation is automated, creating living

documentation that verifies the system’s behaviour















BA led








BA led

BA reviewed








BA led

BA reviewed

BA feedback


If you liked that, you’ll love this…

http://bddbooks.com


QUESTIONS?

Letitia Fearon BA Team Manager Lloyd’s of London

Seb Rose Director Cucumber Limited

Using BDD as a communication tool between the business and technology

Technology