VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELGAUM-590014For the
academic year 2012
A Technical Seminar Report on
DATA LOGGERSubmitted in partial fulfillment for the requirement
of the award of
BACHELOR DEGREE IN ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERINGPresented By:
USHA 1MVO9EC416
SIR M. VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYDepartment of
Electronics and Communication EngineeringKrishnadevarayanagar,
Hunasamaranahalli, New Airport Road, Via Yelahanka,
Bangalore562157
SIR M. VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYDepartment of
Electronics and Communication Engineering
CERTIFICATEThis is to certify that the technical seminar
entitled DATA LOGGER done by USHA bearing USN 1MV09EC416 is for the
award of the degree of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION for the 8th semester as specified by VISVESVARAYA
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY for the academic year 2012. The technical
seminar report has been approved as it satisfies the requirements
prescribed for the bachelor of engineering degree.
Lecturer in charge Dept. of E & C SIR MVIT Bangalore
Dr. SAVITA SONOLI H.O.D Dept. Of E & C SIR MVIT
Bangalore
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI wish to extend my sincere and respectful
gratitude to Prof. M.S. INDIRA, Principal, Sir M.V.I.T. for
permitting me to carry out my technical seminar and her
encouragement throughout the course.
I would like to take this opportunity to thank Dr. SAVITA
SONOLI, Head of the Department, Department of Telecommunication
Engineering, Sir M.V.I.T., Bangalore, for her cheerful
encouragement and valuable suggestions. Her motivation,
encouragement, guidance and commitment to her belief in
strengthening our fundamentals have been instrumental to our
performance in all aspects.
I would like to thank our lecturer Mr.SHASHIBHUSHAN for his
enlightening guidance and his rigorous clarification and teaching
of concepts without which this report would not be in its present
state.
I wish to express my heartfelt thanks to all the faculty members
of the Dept. Of Electronics and Communication, Sir MVIT Bangalore,
for guiding me in this technical seminar.
Last but not the least, I express my gratitude to my parents and
all my friends who helped for the completion of the seminar
successfully.
USHA [1MV09EC416]
CONTENTS Abstract Introduction COLD CHAIN DISTRIBUTION iMini
Plus PDF #DataLogger Block diagram of data logger How data is
collected Choosing data logger Data logger types Data logger
examples Advantages Disadvantages Applications
ABSTRACT
A data logger (also data logger or data recorder) is an
electronic device that records data over time or in relation to
location either with a built in instruments or sensors or via
external instruments and sensors. Increasingly, but not entirely,
they are based on a digital processor (or computer). They generally
are small, battery powered, portable, and equipped with a
microprocessor, internal memory for data storage, and sensors. Some
data loggers interface with a personal computer and utilize
software to activate the data logger and view and analyze the
collected data, while others have a local interface device (keypad,
LCD) and can be used as a stand-alone device.
Data loggers vary between general purpose types for a range of
measurement applications to very specific devices for measuring in
one environment or application type only. It is common for general
purpose types to be programmable; however, many remain as static
machines with only a limited number or no changeable parameters.
Electronic data loggers have replaced chart recorders in many
applications.
One of the primary benefits of using data loggers is the ability
to automatically collect data on a 24-hour basis. Upon activation,
data loggers are typically deployed and left unattended
to measure and record information for the duration of the
monitoring period. This allows for a comprehensive, accurate
picture of the environmental conditions being monitored, such as
air temperature and relative humidity.
INTRODUCTIONWhat is a Data Logger?
Technically speaking, a data logger is any device that can be
used to store data. This includes many data acquisition devices
such as plug-in boards or serial communication systems which use a
computer as a real time data recording system. However, most
instrument manufacturers consider a data logger a stand alone
device that can read various types of electrical signals and store
the data in internal memory for later download computer.
The advantage of data loggers is that they can operate
independently of a computer, unlike many other types of data
acquisition devices. Data loggers are available in various shapes
and sizes. The range includes simple economical single channel
fixed function loggers to more powerful programmable devices
capable of handling hundreds of inputs.
Collecting data from in any physical component is very time
consuming process. But by the use of DAQ system it allows the
automatic data collection and made it easy.
A data logger is an electronic instrument that records
information over a period of time forlater use. The type of
information recorded is determined by the user. For the purposes
here, we will limit the discussion to physical parameters such as
temperature, relative humidity, pressure, voltage, water level,
etc. Data Loggers or Data Recorders are used to collect and observe
sensing data. Data Loggers accept multi inputs in voltage,
temperature, humidity, pulse and also logic format, which makes
them practical in various fields.
Model No.
Input Channel
Brief Description The high-speed Data Logger. Simultaneous
sampling on all channels, with super-wide voltage input range.
Secure isolated multi-input and advanced PC connectivity.
8 CH ZR-RX70 RX25:10 CH RX45:20 CH
ZRRX25/45
Easy data recording with 2 GB Internal Memory. Simultaneous
measurement of temperature, humidity, voltage and other factors can
be performed. Isolated multifunction inputs.
ZR-SX10
Easy-to-use operation plus processing capabilities beyond
previous logger software.
People have been using data loggers for many years. They are not
a new invention. People have long had a fascination for learning
what is happening when no one is around. For example ,most of us
have experienced waking up in the morning to find out that sometime
during the night the power had gone out. There are a number of ways
we might know this. Most of us don't care when the power went out
or how long it was out. If, however, a large cooler containing
perishable food was shut down, the story would be quite different
.We would want to know how long the power was down and how high the
temperature rose and for how long. This is where a data logger is
useful .Typically data loggers are used in remote areas where power
may not be easily accessible. They are ideal for people involved
with field
studies, transportation monitoring, HVAC tests ,troubleshooting,
quality studies, general research ,and educational science. Data
loggers can be used in a wide variety of application. With the
recent introduction of new technology, it has become possible to
build miniature electronic devices that are battery operated and
can automatically record information for later retrieval by a
computer. To minimize cost and size, full control and operation of
the data logger is achieved through the use of a personal computer
with data logging software as shown in Figure 1.
Typically, an interface cable is connected to the serial port of
the computer. The other end of the cable has some sort of miniature
plug, which plugs directly into the data logger. All communication
with the data logger is directed by the software through this
interface cable. The following steps are usually followed to
operate a battery powered data logger:
1. Connect the data logger to a personal computer as shown in
Figure 1.
2. Using the software provided with the data logger, start the
data logger to begin recording data.
3. Disconnect the data logger from the computer and place the
data logger in the desired location for recording the required data
and leave it there. Refer to Figure 2. In this case the data logger
is recording the air temperature of a plant.
During this period, the data logger will collect temperature
measurements at periodic intervals and record them in chronological
order within the data loggers memory for later retrieval.
.
4. After the desired recording period has elapsed, reconnect the
data logger to the personal computer as shown in Figure 1.
Using the data logger software, download the data to the pc.
Most data logger software packages allow the user to view data in a
number of different formats. The most common formats are graphical
and tabular. The graphical format, as shown in Figure 3, allows the
data to be viewed pictorially asa graph. This format provides the
user with a quick means for getting a feel for what is happening
and observing trends. The tabular format, shown in Figure 4,
provides the user with the raw data. Data in this format can be
exported to a spread sheet application such as Microsoft Excel, for
further manipulation. Once the data is in the pc, it can be saved
as a file on the computer or floppy disk for recall at a later date
or printed. Madge Tech data loggers are small, battery powered
,intelligent electronic devices that record measurements of
physical parameters in the world for later retrieval by a computer.
As the technology improves, significant achievements in performance
can be made. Madge Tech has
defined its mission as in corporating the latest technology into
its data loggers as soon as it becomes available. At Madge Tech, we
are taking the lead in the industry when it comes to
price/performance as we have an unrelenting commitment to pursue
performance improvements in our existing data loggers as well as
designing and developing new data loggers.
A data logger is an attractive alternative to either a recorder
or data acquisition system in many applications. When compared to a
recorder, data loggers have theability to accept a greater number
of input channels, with better resolution and accuracy. Also, data
loggers usually have some form of on-board intelligence,
whichprovides the user with diverse capabilities. For example, raw
data can be analysed to give flow rates, differential temperatures,
and other interpreted data that otherwise would require manual
analysis by the operator .The major difference between a data
logger and a recorder, however, is the way the data itself is
stored, analysed and recorded. A common recorder accepts an input,
and compares it to a full scale value. The pen arm is then
deflected across the recording width, to
produce the appropriate ratio of the actual input to the full
scale input. For example, using a recorder with a1 Volt full scale,
an input of 0.5 Volts would move the pen 0.5/1 or 50% of the
distance across the recording width. In comparison, a data logger
accepts an input which is fed into an analog-to-digital converter
prior to analysis and storage. This method has advantages
inaccuracy and resolution, while only a recorder can provide a
truly continuous trend recording.
Data loggers can also offer advantages over dedicated, computer
interface systems. A data logger is a self contained unit, that
does not require a host to operate. It can be installed in almost
any location, and left to operate unattended. Data loggers have a
distinct advantage over conventional interface devices, in that
they operate in this stand-alone mode, and yet have the capability
to dump or transfer the data to a host system, if required. Most
data loggers have the ability to work similarly to standard
recorders, in that they provide the user with a hard copy printout
of the data recorded. This data can be immediately analysed for
trends, or stored for historical archive purposes. Data loggers can
also monitor for alarm conditions, while recording a minimum number
of samples, for economy. If the recording is of a steady -state
nature, without rapid changes, the user may go through rolls of
paper, without seeing a single change in the input. A data logger
can record at very long intervals, saving paper, and can note when
an alarm condition is occurring. When this happens, the event will
be recorded and any outputs will be activated, even if the event
occurs in between sample times. A record of all significant
conditions and events is generated using a minimum of recording
hardcopy. The differences between various data loggers is based on
the way that data is recorded and stored. The basic difference
between the two data logger types is that onetype allows the data
to be stored in a memory, to be retrieved at a later time, while
the other type automatically records the data on paper, for
immediate viewing and analysis. Many data loggers combine these two
functions, usually unequally, with the emphasis on either the
ability to transfer the data or to provide a print out of it.
The advantages of the local hard copy data loggers are that 1,
the operator has a permanent recording on paper, 2, no other
external or peripheral equipment is required for operation,.
3, many data loggers of this type also have the ability to
record data trends ,in addition to simple digital data recording.
In comparison, units with internal data storage tend to be more
compact, due to the fact that no paper and recording equipment are
required, and because they are much simpler electronically and
mechanically .Data storage units are usually more economical. These
units can also be operated in a stand-alone mode, with the ability
to feed or download data to a host computer system.
For users who must acquire data over many locations ,and wish to
have a single collection/recording point, networking is a truly
viable solution. With a network, one central location is
responsible for data storage and recording; data is collected by
remote units in various locations, and then fed to this master unit
for storage/recording. This is a great convenience ,in that an
operator can retrieve the data from one location, rather than
having to go to each individual site for collection.
SHORT HISTORY
Then made improvement Why Choose a Data Logger Over Other Types
of Data Collection Instruments? Three types of instruments are
commonly used for collecting and storing data. They are 1)Real-Time
Data Acquisition Systems, 2)Chart Recorders and 3)Data Loggers Data
loggers are normally more economical than chart recorders. They
offer more flexibility and are available with a greater variety of
input types. Most data loggers collect data which may be directly
transferred to a computer. Although this option is available with
some recorders, it normally adds significant expense to the
recorder price. Data acquisition systems offer a great deal of
flexibility and are certainly attractive when high sample rates are
required, however, since they require connection or installation
into a computer, the computer must also be present and active when
collecting the data. Data loggers can collect data independently of
a computer. Data is normally collected in nonvolatile memory for
later download to a computer. The computer does not need to be
present during the data collection process. This makes them ideally
suited for applications requiring portability.
COLD CHAIN DISTRIBUTION iMini Plus PDF #DataLogger
The NEW I Mini Plus PDF data logger from Escort will generate a
comprehensive PDF report without the need for proprietary software
or interface on receipt by the Receiver. The I Mini Plus PDF data
logger is the ideal instrument for monitoring temperature sensitive
shipments to distant destinations where proprietary software and
interfaces are unavailable. Every data logger is supplied with a
simple USB to USB cable for PC connection and travels with the
logger in the consignment. Report generation includes a summary of
transport condition, time spent out of specification and trip
statistics. In addition the report provides date, time and
temperature of all readings plus a graph of the temperature of the
trip. The PDF report can be validated by Console software by
emailing the PDF report and binary files to the Supplier thus
meeting the requirements for 21 CFR Part11. For complete solutions
for complex real-time processing and control applications, contact
CAS DataLoggers Solution Analysts for application specific designs.
Pricing based on individual application needs and required
results.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DATA LOGGER
PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION DATA LOGGER
HOW DATA IS COLLECTED:
Sensors are used to take readings or measurements at regular
intervals of their environment. The sensors could be collecting
data on a wide range of things such as temperature, humidity,
pressure, wind speed, water currents, electrical voltage, pH
readings etc.
The sensors may be either analogue or digital. If they take
analogue readings, an Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC) will be
needed to convert the signal into digital data which the computer
can understand.
As the sensor takes a reading, the data is sent though a cable
or wireless link to the data logger. The data logger usually stores
the data for a period of time before sending it in a large batch to
a computer which will process and analyse it. A data logger is
often a hand-held battery-operated device which has a large amount
of memory.
CHOOSING DATA LOGGERWhen choosing a data logger the following
parameters should be considered.
Input Signal OMEGA offers data loggers that are compatible with
most types of signals. Some data loggers are dedicated to a certain
input type while others are programmable for different types of
inputs. OMEGA offers data loggers for the following types of
signals. AC Voltage/Current Light On/Off Shock/Acceleration Sound
Temperature
Bridge/Strain/Load/Pressure Motor On/Off Dew point Event or
State Frequency Level Number of Inputs PH Pressure
Process Voltage/Current Thermistor Relative Humidity RTD
Thermocouple
Data Loggers are available in both single and multi-channel
designs. Some data loggers are capable of handling hundreds of
inputs. OMEGA's OMB-LOGBOOK300 for example is expandable to over
400 channels.
Size In many applications space is a limitation. In those cases
the size of the data logger may be a critical selection parameter.
OMEGA's OM-CP family of data loggers are extremely compact and
include models for most input types.
Speed/Memory In comparison to real time data acquisition
systems, data loggers generally have low sample rates. This is
normally because they store data in internal memory which is
limited. The higher the data rates the more memory required.
Therefore when specifying a data logger it is important to
determine the sample rate and the sample duration which can be used
to calculate the required memory. For example. If an application
requires
sample rates of 1 per second and the test must last one hour,
the data logger must be able to store 3600 samples(1 sample/sec x 1
hour x 3600 seconds/hour).
Real Time Operation In some applications it may be desirable to
display the data being collected in real time on a computer.
Certain data loggers such as OMEGA's OM-CP family support this
feature
DATA LOGGER TYPES
Miniature Single Input Data Loggers Miniature single input data
loggers are generally low cost loggers dedicated to a specific
input type. These types of data loggers are often used in the
transportation industry. A typical application would be to include
a temperature data logger in a shipment of food products to insure
that the food temperature does not exceed acceptable limits. In
addition to temperature miniature data loggers are available for a
large variety of input types. most input types.
Fixed Mount Multi-Channel Data Loggers Fixed input loggers have
a fixed number of input channels which are generally dedicated for
a specific type of input. OMEGA offers fixed input data loggers
ranging from one to 8 channels
Handheld Multi-Channel Data Loggers Handheld multi-channel
loggers are commonly used in applications where the data logger is
to be carried from one location to another. They are also commonly
used in benchtop or laboratory environments. In addition to storing
data internally some models even contain on board printers which
can produce an immediate hardcopy of the data.
Modular Data Loggers A modular data logger is configurable and
expandable through the use of plug-in modules. The modules are
normally field configurable and the user has the option of adding
as many channels to satisfy the application requirement.
SOME OF THE DATA LOGGERS :
SIMPLE DATA READER FRONT PANEL
The recording duration is dependent on the memory capacity of
the data logger and the desired sample rate. To determine the
duration divide the memory capacity(number of samples the device
can record) by the sample rate. As an example assume that a given
data logger can store 10,000 samples. If it is desired to record 2
samples every minute, the data logger can run for 10,000/2 or 5,000
minutes (about 3.5 days). If the sample rate was cut in half(1
sample per minute), the recording period would double to 7
days.
DATA LOGGING EXAMPLES:
In a Hospital When a patient has had a major operation or is
very ill, they may be in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). While they
are in the ICU, they will be constantly monitored to make sure that
their condition is stable and not deteriorating. A heart monitor
will take readings of their heart rate and pattern of beats. These
readings will be displayed as digital numbers on the monitor itself
and they will also be output to a continuous graph so that the
doctors can pick up any changes over time. Their breathing rate
will be monitored and their level of oxygen measured. Alarms will
be triggered if their oxygen level goes below a certain amount.
Their temperature will be measured at regular intervals to monitor
whether they have an infection and if so, whether it is responding
to treatment. RACING CARS: Some companies invest millions into
developing state-of-the-art racing cars. They want to know every
aspect of how their car is performing so that they can ensure the
engine is calibrated correctly, the right amount of fuel is being
delivered, the best speeds are being achieved etc. Digital
electronic dashboards are used inside the cars. They display data
collected by the sensors. This data is logged and stored for later
analysis by the engineers. Also, output alarms can be set to alert
the driver when certain conditions have been met. Data can also be
scrolled through by the driver pushing a button
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESAdvantages Data Logging can be used
in remote or dangerous situations Data logging can be carried out
24 hours a day, 365 days of the year Time intervals for collecting
data can be very frequent and regular, for example, hundreds of
measurements per second can be set up to start at a time in the
future No need to have a person present Data logging is often more
accurate because there is no likelihood of human error
Disadvantages If the data logging equipment breaks down or
malfunctions, some data could be lost or not recorded Equipment can
be expensive for small tasks The equipment will only take readings
at the logging interval which has been set up. If something
unexpected happens between recordings, the data will not be
collected.
Electric Utility Applications
Component Life Extension Studies in the Nuclear Industry
Underwater Power Distribution Cable Temperature Study Superheater
tube profiling Cogeneration site performance study
Meteorological Applications
Rain Fall Totalization Cup Anemometer Wind Speed Wind Direction
and Averaging
Process Industry Applications
Metal Refining / Production Energy usage studies Process control
tuning Outflow monitoring HVAC System troubleshooting Cooling tower
efficiency studies Compressed Air Audit
Mobile / Vehicle Test Applications
Vehicle HVAC testing Reliability studies Cycled Temperature
qualification Exhaust Component Road Testing Vehicle Performance
Tuning
Environmental Studies Applications
Noxious Gas Detection Air pollution site monitoring / alarming
CEMS certification Bio-remediation studies Nitrogen Dioxide Base
Line Study
Mining Industry Applications
Machinery testing Energy efficiency studies Shoring studies
Ventilation / Gas monitoring
Water/Wastewater Utility Applications
"Special" tests Energy efficiency studies Lift-Station loading
studies Water quality site monitoring
Water Resource Applications
Irrigation District Studies Edwards Aquifier Studies Beach
pollution monitoring Site discharge monitoring Well slug and
pump-down testing
Product Engineering / R & D Applications
NASA Fuel Cell Research Appliance field test Laboratory bench
test data collection Durability testing Lifetime quantification
studies Hydraulic system loading studies
Industrustial Applications
Geothermal Resource Assessment Ice Production Plant Energy Audit
Tank farm inventory reporting Heat Exchanger Efficiency Study
Compressed Air Audit Natural Gas Compressor Monitoring Cattle
Nutrient Inventory Monitoring
REFERENCEwww.seminarsonly.com www.ieeeexplorer.com
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