Siberian Platform Quaternary Neogene Paleogene Cretaceous Jurassic Triassic Permian Carboniferous Devonian Silurian Ordovician Cambrian Late Middle Early Archean 2500 1700 1000 575 490 443 418 362 298 250 205.7 144 65 38 Ma Proterozoic Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic Tertiary Anabar Transbykal Mongol–Breya Hinggan–Neimongol North China Platform Dabie–Shandong Yangtze Platform Southeast China Maritime Qilian East Kunlun Qiling Songpan–Garze Kaixinling Lhasa–Nagqu Himalaya Indochina East Burma–Malaya Central Burma Assam–Bengal Nadanhada –Verkhoyansk Omolon Shikhote–Alin Japan–Sakhalin Kamchatka Taiwan Andaman–Nicobar Sumatra Borneo Jawa Sulawesi Philippines Timor–Banda Arc Papua New Guinea –Solomon Ogasawara –Micronesia Chukotka NORTHWEST QUADRANT 1.8 Q Q Q Q Tn 1 Tn 2 QTn 1 QTn 1 Tp 1 T 1 K 1 T 2 T 2 QT 1 T 3 QT 1 QTn 1 Q QT 2 QT 3 K 1 K 1 K 2 KJ 1 K^ 1 K^ K^ 1 K^ 1 K^ 2 K^ 3 KJ 1 QJ 1 TK 1 K 1 Q Q Q Q QTn 2 KJ 1 K 1 TK 1 QTn 2 QTn 2 T 4 QT 4 Q Q T 4 TK 1 KJ 1 K^ 2 K^ 3 K^ 3 K 1 K 1 K 1 KJ 1 KJ 1 QTn 2 QTn 2 Q QJ 1 QT 5 QT 5 TK 2 QJ 2 QT 5 Q Q Q T 5 T 5 T 5 K 3 K 3 K^ 4 KJ 2 KJ 2 TpK 1 Tn 3 Q TpK 1 TpK 1 T 6 T 6 KJ 3 KJ 3 KJ 2 TpK 2 TK 3 Tn 4 QTn 4 K^ 5 KJ 4 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q K 1 K 1 K 1 K 5 K 4 KJ 5 K 6 Tp 2 Tp 2 T 2 Tp 3 Tp 4 Tp 5 Tp 6 Tn 6 Tn 6 QTn 5 QTn 6 J^ 2 J^ 3 KJ 6 K 7 K 8 TpK 3 ^ 8 Q Q Q Q Q K 9 7 Tp 7 Tp 8 TpK 4 Tp 9 Tn 12 QTn 7 Tn 8 Tn 9 Tn 10 Tn 11 T 7 Tn 13 TpK 5 M Z 1 K 10 K^ 6 KJ 7 M Z 2 M Z 3 M Z 4 Tn 7 Tn 14 Tn 15 Tp 10 Tp 11 Tp 12 TpJ 1 TpK 6 TpJ 2 KJ 8 TK 4 TpK 7 Tp 13 K 11 Tn 16 QTn 8 Tn 17 QTn 9 Q Q Q Q Q Tn 18 QT 6 Tn 19 Tp 14 K^ 7 K 1 TpJ 2 Q Q Q TPz 1 2 Pz 6 ^ 10 Pz 11 2 Pz 10 2 ^Pz 5 2 JPz 4 2 ^Pz 4 2 ^Pz 6 JPz 4 2 ^ 9 ^Pz 5 JPz 3 2 JPz 2 2 Pz 5 Pz 1 2 Pz 4 Pz 9 2 JPz 1 2 ^ 7 ^ 6 ^ 5 ^Pz 4 Pz 8 2 TpPz 1 MzPz 1 ^ 4 ^ 3 ^ 3 ^Pz 2 Pz 3 Pz 7 2 J 2 J 2 ^ 2 ^ 2 Pz 5 2 Pz 6 2 ^Pz 1 Pz 2 Pz 9 1 Pz 4 2 J 1 J 1 J 1 J 1 ^ 1 ^ 1 ^ 3 ^Pz 3 2 ^Pz 3 2 ^Pz 2 2 ^ 1 J 1 J 1 ^ 1 Pz 1 2 Pz 1 2 Pz 1 2 P 1 P 2 ^Pz 1 2 Pz 2 2 Pz 3 2 Pz 1 1 Pz 2 1 Pz 3 1 Pz 4 1 Pz 3 1 Pz 1 < 1 < 2 < 3 A 1 < 4 < 1 A 1 < 5 < 6 < 7 < 8 Pz 11 1 Pz 12 1 Pz 10 1 < 16 < 15 < 14 < 13 < 12 < 11 < 10 < 9 < 17 Pz 6 1 < 1 2 Pz 7 1 Pz 8 1 Tn 5 T 8 J^ 1 KJ 1 Pz1 5 Plate Colors ^Pz 3 Tn 18 QTn 10 QTn 10 QTn 8 Q Tn 15 Halmahara‐ Q Q QTn 6 Tn 7 1 1 ARCHEAN PROTEROZOIC PALEOZOIC MESOZOIC CENOZOIC 3500 3000 Early 2500 2000 Middle 1500 Late 1000 Linear Scale Log normal scale Ma 5 23 25 43 50 58 65 82 95 100 113 135 150 200 212 250 300 360 400 436 500 575 Japan Sea Okhotsk Sea Okhotsk Sea Kuril Arc Northeast Japan Arc Southw est Japan Arc East China Margin Ryukyu Arc Ryukyu Arc Banda Sea Gorontalo Basin Halmaher a Ba si n Sulu Sea Ce leb e s Sea S outh China Margi n Indian Margin Japan Bas i n Korea Rise Yamato Rise Sado Ridge Yamato Basin Okhotsk Arch Tartary Trough Kashevarov Swell, Trough Kuril Basin Tinro Basin Deryugin Basin Instituter of Oceanology, A cademy o f Scien ce USS R Uplift Esst Sakhalin Basin, Hokkaido Anticlinorium Ulbinsli Folde d Syst em Koni-Pyagin Anticlinorium Kuril Arc Kuril Forearc Basins K uril Forearc Baseme nt Complex Kuril Trench Slope Complex Northeast Japan Trench Slope Comples Northeast Japan Forearc Bssins Nanka i Accr etion a ry Prism S outhwe s t Japan F or earc Ba s ins Yellow Sea Basins Est China Sea Basins Taiwan-Shinzi Fold System Okinawa Trough Basin Ryukyu Ridge Ryukyu Forearc Basins Ryukyu Arc Trench Gap South China Sea Basin Philippine Trench Slope Complex Manila Trench Slope Complex Manila Trench Forearc Basin Andaman-Nicobar Ridge A nda m an Sea Bas in Mergui Ridge Malaysia Basin In dian Ocean TpaK 2 TK 2 QTpa TmTo 5 TmA TmPz TmTo 7 TmTo 6 TmTo 4 Tn 20 Tn 23 Tn 24 Tn 22 Tn 21 Tn 27 Tn K 11 K 13 Pz < 3 1 Pz < 3 1 Pz < 3 1 Pz < 3 1 Pz < 3 1 ToK Pz < 1 1 Pz < 2 1 MzPz TmTe QK 1 2 JPz 2 JPz 1 Pz 1 TpaK QTpl 1 QTpl QTpl QTpl 2 3 K 2 K 2 Cz 17 Mz 4 QTn 14 QTn 15 QTn 22 QTn 13 QTn 16 QTn 19 QTn 20 QTn 21 QJ ToJ QTn 18 QTn 12 QTe 2 QTe 1 QTo QTe 3 Tn 28 Tp 12 ToMz QK 2 2 QJ 4 QJ 3 TmTo 1 KJ 8 Te Mz 6 Mz 7 QTpl 9 To TeTpa NORTHWEST QUADRANT (MARINE) EXPLANATION TO TIME-SPACE DIAGRAM Platform strata (basins, blanket deposits) Unconformity, disconformity Folding (unconformity) Transitional tectonic or reactivation basins and igneous rocks PASSIVE CONTINENT MARGIN OCEANIC CRUSTAL DOMAIN Episodes of seafloor spreading Drift or break-up sequence Rift sequence Infra-rift sequence Time of deformation and metamorphism Basement rocks (solid colors) Incl. orogenic belts NOW CONTINENTAL CRUST FORMED DURING PROCESSES OF PLATE CONVERGENCE AND INTRAPLATE REACTIVATION COLOR INDEX TO PLATES Pacific Plate Juan De Fuca Plate Cocos Plate Nazca Plate North American Plate Caribbean Plate South American Plate Scotia Plate Antarctica Plate Australia Plate India Plate Eurasia Plate Philippine & Mariana Platelet Asian Continent North American Plate & Aleutian Islands J^ 10 ALASKA NE QUADRANT TIME-SPACE PLOT Ma 5 QUATERNARY PLIOCENE MIOCENE OLIGOCENE EOCENE PALEOCENE U. CRETACEOUS L. CRETACEOUS JURASSIC TRIASSIC PERMIAN PENNSYLVANIAN MISSISSIPPIAN DEVONIAN SILURIAN ORDOVICIAN CAMBRIAN Late Middle Early ARCHEAN 3000 2000 1000 575 500 400 300 250 200 150 100 25 50 CENOZOIC MESOZOIC PALEOZOIC PROTEROZOIC ARCHEAN NE QUADRANT TIME-SPACE PLOT W. CANADA CORDILLERA NE QUADRANT TIME-SPACE PLOT WESTERN USA (1) NE QUADRANT TIME-SPACE PLOT WESTERN USA (2) NE QUADRANT TIME-SPACE PLOT MEXICO NE QUADRANT TIME-SPACE PLOT MIDDLE AMERICA Chukotka Seward Block Alaska N. Slope Brooks Range Fold Belt Koyukuk - Kobuk Kuskokwim Mountains Central Alaska Alaska Peninsula Bering Sea Shelf Gulf of Alaska Insular Belt Aleutian Islands Southeast Alaska Queen Charlotte I. Vancouver Island Coast plutonic Complex Intermontane Belt Omineca Belt Rocky Mtn Foreland N. American Craton Offshore Washington Oregon Olympic Mountains Northern Cascades Columbia Plateau Offshore California California Coast Range / Salinia Klamath Mountains Great Valley Sierra Nevada Basin and Range West Basin and Range East Rocky Mtn Fold & Thrust Rocky Mtn Foreland US Interior Craton Gulf Coast Onshore Gulf of Mexico Baja California Western Mexico Honduras N. Nicaragua Honduras Nicaragua C. Costa Rica Basin America Middle Costa Rica Nicoya Mexico Southern Gulf Coast Mexico Fold Belt Mexican Mexico Central E. Central Guatemala Nicaragua Rise Cayman Trough Yucatan Basin Cuba Hispaniola Grenada Basin Lesser Antilles Arc TK 1 K 1 K 2 PZ 1 2 PZ 1 1 PZ 1 < 1 3 PZ 1 < 3 Tp 3 KJ 9 Pz 3 2 ^Pz 3 2 Q 1 Tn 3 Tp 2 Q 1 Q 1 KJ 5 KJ 5 KJ 5 K 3 K 4 KJ 1 J^ 1 ^Pz 2 2 Pz 2 2 Pz 2 2 Pz 2 1 Pz 2 1 Q 1 Tn 5 Tp 6 Q 2 Tn 2 TK 4 KJ 2 K 8 Tn 6 Tp 9 TK 3 Tp 10 Tn 7 Tn 6 Q 2 QT 1 TK 3 Tn 9 Tp 14 Tp 12 Tp 11 K 1 1 KJ 13 KJ 4 KJ 11 KJ 12 KJ 11 TK 2 Tp 15 KJ 8 K 5 K 6 J 1 Tp 17 Tp 18 Tn 8 QTn 1 KJ 10 Tp 16 Tp 12 Tp 13 Tp 11 Tp 19 Tp 19 Q 5 KJ 14 KJ 13 K 8 Tn 11 Q 6 Tn 13 Tn 13 Tp 23 TK 6 Tp 24 K 16 K 15 KJ 23 KJ 16 K 18 K 17 Tp 25 Tn 14 Q 8 KJ 18 KJ 24 Tn 15 Tn 17 Tp 27 Tp 26 Tp 26 Tp 27 K 3 2 K 3 2 Tp 26 Tn 17 Tn 18 Tn 19 Tp 30 K 20 Tp 28 K 19 K 21 K 21 Tn 13 Tn 20 Tn 21 Tn 20 Tn 22 Tp 31 Tp 33 K 4 2 KJ 25 KJ 28 KJ 27 Tp 32 K 22 KJ 27 KJ 26 Q 12 K 21 Q 12 Tn 22 Tn 24 Tp 36 Tp 37 KJ 29 K 24 Tp 40 Tn 26 Tp 39 K 24 K 23 Tp 40 Tn 29 Tn 27 Tn 27 Tp 41 Tp 35 Tp 47 To 7 QTpl 8 Tn 7 K 27 KJ 3 Tn 34 K 25 K 25 TK 8 Tp 44 Tn 33 Tn 36 Tp 46 TK 10 Pz 11 2 Pz 11 2 Pz 9 2 Pz 10 2 Pz 8 1 Pz 1 < 6 3 Pz 1 < 6 3 Pz 2 Pz 2 < 5 2 Pz 8 2 Pz 9 2 Pz 7 1 Pz 6 1 Pz 1 Pz 7 2 J^ 9 J^ 8 J^ 6 J^ 5 ^Pz 6 2 JPz 8 2 JPz 7 2 JPz 6 2 Tp 4 K 7 Pz 5 2 Pz 6 1 Pz 6 1 J^ 2 Pz 4 2 Pz 6 2 JPz 1 2 JPz 2 2 ^Pz 5 2 Pz 1 < 5 3 JPz 3 2 JPz 3 2 Pz 4 1 Pz 4 1 KJ 3 KJ 4 ^Pz 4 2 Pz 4 1 < 1 < 4 2 Pz 1 < 4 3 A 1 < 1 1 < 1 1 < 4 1 < 3 2 A 2 A 2 A 2 < 5 1 < 5 1 < 5 1 PZ 1 < 2 3 PZ 1 < 3 3 Tn 5 Tp 8 Tp 29 Tn 34 ^Pz 1 2 NORTHEAST QUADRANT 2 3 (^Pz) 1 QTpa 1 Tn 7 (Tp 10 ) JPz 3 2 2 JPz 3 2 K 13 (K 1 < 2 ) Pz 5 1 2 2 2 K 1 2 J^ 7 ^Pz 7 JPz 5 2 (K 2 < 3 ) Tp < 3 ( ) (TpJ) 2 2 Tp 38 Guajira North Panama South Caribbean Leeward Antilles Margarita Tobago Tn 26 Mz 2 K 29 Tp 40 Tn 31 Tn 40 Tp 45 Tn 39 K 30 Tn 30 NE QUADRANT TIME-SPACE PLOT CARIBBEAN REGION Mz 3 Q 15 Pz 3 Deformed Belt Paraguana K 28 QTn 1 STRUCTURAL NORTHERN ANDES CARIBBEAN PLATE REGIONS SOUTH AMERICAN PLATFORM GUYANA SHIELD CENTRAL ANDES SOUTH AMERICAN PLATFORM BRAZILIAN SHIELD SOUTHERN ANDES PATAGONIAN PLATFORM ATLANTIC PASSIVE MARGIN BASINS SOUTHEAST QUADRANT NORTH–CENTRAL ANDES SOUTH CENTRAL ANDES Cratonic basins Fore-arc basins Arc- Back-arc System SubAndrean basins Arc- Back-arc System Fore-arc basins Fore-arc basins OCA FAULT Manabi Tumaco San Juan Atrato Atrato Fault Romerol Fault Santo Marta Fault Maracaibo basin Bocana Fault Sub Andean basins Caribbean Mt. System Oriental basin Llano basin Tokuto basin HUANCABAMBA DEFLECTION Tumbes Talara Sechura Salaverry Pisco Arica-Santa Cruz Line Navidad Arauco Pampean Ranges Chaco–Paraná Orán–ovieda Madre de Dios Upper Amazon Narañón–Ucayali BARILOCHE TRANSVERSAL Fore-arc basins Accretionory prism Patagonian Batholith Cochrane-O´higgins lakes, Darwin Cord. Magallanes basin Patagonian Massif Intraplate Volcanics Deseado Massif San Jorge basin Salado basin Colorado basin Malvinas basin Archean 2500 Paleoprot. 1600 Mesoprot. 1000 Neoprot. CENOZOIC MESOZOIC PALEOZOIC PROTEROZOIC ARCHEAN Ma Q 1 Tn 1 Tp 1 Q 2 Tn 9 Tn 2 Tn 2 Tp 2 Tp 2 Tp 2 Tn 2 Q 2 Q 2 Q 2 Q 3 Tp 7 Tn 5 K 1 K 2 K 2 K 2 K 2 Mz 1 Q 2 Tn 3 Tp 3 Tp 4 K 5 K 2 TK 1 K 6 Q 7 Tn 4 Tp 3 K 7 TK 2 K 4 K 8 Tn 5 K 9 Q 4 Tn 6 Tp 2 K 10 Tn 7 TK 3 Tn 8 Tp 5 K 12 K 13 J 4 Q 6 Q 5 J 5 Tp 6 K 14 J 5 K 15 T 1 < 6 Pz 7 Pz 7 2 < 5 < 4 Pz1 6 Pz 5 Pz 4 2 Pz 6 2 J 2 J 1 ^ 3 J^ 3 Pz 5 2 Pz 4 2 Pz 3 2 KJ 1 J^ 1 J^ 2 Pz 2 J^ 4 ^ 2 Pz 1 2 Pz 2 2 ^ 1 Pz 1 2 Pz 1 1 < 1 < 1 < 2 < 3 K 11 570 510 438 1.6 23 36 58 65 95 135 150 180 205 250 298 355 400 Q 5 Tnpl Tnm Tno Tne Tnp Ku Kl Ju Jm Jl ^ P C D S O e J 3 Q 1 Pz 3 Pz 6 Pz 8 Pz 8 Pz 8 2 TK 3 Q 8 Q 4 J 1 Tp 6 Tn 9 Tp 7 Tn 9 Tp 8 T 1 Pz 9 Pz 9 2 ^ 4 Mz 2 Pz 9 2 ^ 4 TK 2 Tn 10 TK 2 J 6 J^ 4 Pz1 4 < 3 < 3 ? Tm 3 ARCHEAN PROTEROZOIC PALEOZOIC MESOZOIC CENOZOIC Amami Plateau Eaito-Okidaito-Minamidaito Ridges Shikoku Basin Nishi-Shichito Ridge Izu-Ogasawara (Bonin)Ridge Ogasawara Forearc Basins Ogasawara Ridge (West) Philippine Basin Kyushu-Palau Ridge Parece Vella (West Mariana) Basin West Mariana Ridge Mariana Trough (Basin) Mariana Ridge (Guam) Mariana Arc-Trench Gap Indian Ocean Northern Australian Craton NW Central Australia Western Australia Southern Ocean Southern Australia Eastern Australia Tasman Sea Lord Howe Rise N. Caledonia Basin New Caledonia Loyalty Trough Loyalty Island Loyalty Basin Vanuatu North Fiji Basin Fiji Lau Ridge Lau Basin Tonga-Kermadec Pacific Oceanic Crust Coral Sea Papua-New Guinea and Irian Jaya Woodlark Basin Solomon Islands Ontong-Java Plateau Pacific Oceanic Crust Louisiade Plateau Rennell Island Trobriand-Woodlark Rise Solomon Sea New Britain Bismark Sea Manus Island N. Ireland Caroline Plate Reinga Basin 3500 3000 Early 2500 2000 Middle 1500 Late 1000 Linear Scale Log normal scale WEST COAST CENTRAL CHAIN NORTH CALEDONIA EASTWARD SUBDUCTION WESTERN BELT CENTRAL CHAIN EASTERN BELT MARGINAL PROVINCE KANDAVU LOMAIVI BL, VANUA LEVU VITI LEVU LAU EUA RIDGE WESTWARD SUBDUCTION PAPUA FOLD BELT AURE TROUGH ARTIC PL. NEW GUINEA MOBILE BELT ISLAND ARC AND MARGINAL SEA PROVINCE NW SUBDUCTION INACTIVE SUBDUCTION Passive Margin Related Ma 5 23 25 43 50 58 65 82 95 100 113 135 150 200 212 250 300 360 400 436 500 575 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ? 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1819 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? AUSTRALIA AND PACIFIC PLATES EUROASIA AND ANTARTICA PLATE 49 QTpl 3 Cz 1 Cz 1 Cz 1 K 3 Cz 1 Cz 1 K 3 J K 3 J K 3 J K 3 J K 3 J K 2 J K 2 J Q 2 K J 1 Cz 1 Cz 1 K 3 J K 3 J ^P 3 ^P 4 ^P 2 J 2 ^ ^P 11 K 9 J J 3 Pz 1 1 < 1 3 Pz 1 < 2 3 Pz 3 1 < 3 3 < 12 2 Q 19 Tpl Tn 7 To 1 To 1 Te Te 2 Tpa 2 Tpa 2 K K 2 K 1 Te 3 Tpa 4 K pP < 15 1 < 15 1 < 16 2 A 1 A 2 < 13 2 Pz 1 1 < 4 2 < 1 3 < 1 3 < 1 < 2 3 < 1 3 < 10 2 < 11 2 < 1 2 < 5 2 < 5 1 < 2 2 < 3 2 < 6 2 < 7 2 < 8 2 < 9 2 QTe 2 K 11 J Tp 5 Tn 3 Tp 4 Tp 9 To 7 Te Tm 12 To Q 24 Tn Q 4 Tpa Q 25 Tpl Mz 15 Tp 10 Q 3 Te Tn 17 Te 1 Tpa 1 Tpa 1 K K 1 K 1 K 1 J Q 2 K Pzm 1 Pz 1 1 Pz 1 1 Pz 1 1 Pz 1 1 Pz 11 1 Pzm 1 Pz 1 1 Pz 1 Pzm 1 Pzm 2 Pzm 2 Q 1 J 2 Q 1 J 2 Pzm 3 Pzm 5 ^P 5 ^P 6 ^Pz 7 2 Pzm 9 Pzm 8 Pzm 7 Pz 6 1 Pz 5 1 Pz 4 1 Pz 2 1 K 5 Tpa 7 K Q 1 Tpa Tpa 3 K K 4 J K 7 Te 1 K Tpa 6 K Tm 1 Tm 2 Q 1 Tpl ?K ?K TmTo Te 4 To 4 Q 2 Tpl Q 5 Tn Q 2 Tpl Tn 1a Tm 2 To Tpl 1 Tn 1 ?Te Tm 4 Q 3 Tpl Te 7 Tm 5 K 7 J K 5 K 2 Q 1 Te Tpa 4 Q 6 Tpl Tm 2 K Tm 6 Tn 2 Q 7 Tpl Tn 3 To 3 Te (Te 2 K ) Te 9 Tn 4 Pz 12 2 Pzm 10 TPz 2 2 Te 3 K ToTpa Tm 7 Q 10 Tpl K 5 Tpl 1 Te K 2 K 8 K 8 K 7 J K 2 Q 11 Tpl Te 1 K Pz ?Te 10 Te 11 Tm 5 To 1 Te 5 Te 9 Q 12 Tpl Tm 3 To Tm 7 To Tpa 6 K Pz 1 < 2 3 < 16 (A3) 2 (< 1 A 4 ) Pz 1 < 2 3 Pz 8 1 Q 7 K2 Cz 4 < 15 2 < 14 2 Pz 1 1 Q 1 K Q 23 Tn ToTe 15 Tm 1 Cz 3 Tpa 3 ^Pz 1 2 ^P 1 ^P 16 ^ 4 K 10 TmTo 2 QTn 4 < 4 3 ^Pz 10 2 ?Pzm 8 Pz 12 2 ^ 3 TPz 2 2 Te 6 To 3 Q 4 Tpl Q 5 Tm Te 8 Tm 3 To Tm 1 K 2 Te 2 J To 2 Mz SOUTHWEST QUADRANT New Zealand Pa r t of Aust r a li a Pl a t e Emerald Basin South New Zeland North New Zeland Chatham Rise Campbell Plateau Pacific Ocean Norfolk Basins Three Kings Rise S. Fiji Basin Collville Rise Havre Trough Kermadec Rise East Antarctica Shield E. Antarctica Shield Influenced During Deformation Of Ross Orogenic Belt Ross Orogenic Belt To 4 ToTe 2 Te 4 J^ 1 K ToK K ToK Pz1 7 J^ 1 Tp Pzm 1 QK QK Q K2 To K J^ 1 KJ 1 Tn 1 K 1 K 1 TpaK 1 Tpa 1 Te 1 ToTe 1 To 2 QTpl 1 ?K Te 12 Pz 13 2 Q 7 Tn Q 14 Tpl Tn 5 K 11 J 1 Tr To 5 Te T o 3 J & To 6 K 1 Pzm 11 ^Pz 14 ? ToTe QTe Pz 7 Te 4 K To 4 K South ern Phillippine Sea Tp 9 Northern Ph illippine Sea Tpa 2 K QTpl 4 Izu-Ogasawara (Bonin)Arc Trench Gap Tp 3 QTe 1 Izu-Ogasawara Arc PHILIPPINE PLATES Q 2 J Q 22 Tn Q 1 J Pz 1 1 Q 18 Tpl Q 5 Tpl Q 8 Tpl Q 9 Tpl Pzm 12 Q 8 Tn Te 5 K To 7 Tm 10 Tm 5 Tm 4 To 6 Q 3 Tpl Te 7 < 2 1 < 2 1 < 5 1 < 9 1 < 4 1 < 5 1 < 6 1 < 7 1 < 11 1 < 8 1 < 3 1 < 4 2 < 1 3 < 12 1 <A 3 <A 1 < 13 1 Q 13 Tpl TmTo To 5 J^ 1 < 7 3 ^ Pz 1 2 ^ Pz 1 2 Pz 1 2 K Pz 1 2 K Pz 1 2 K 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 K 1 Tpa Q 8 Tn Q 10 Tn 4 6 TIME/SPACE PLOTS for the TECTONIC MAP OF THE CIRCUM-PACIFIC REGION PACIFIC BASIN SHEET Tp 9 Tn 2 Tp 1