Users of Two-Way Radio Technology Public Safety

Users of Two-Way Radio Technology Instructor: David Lum

Motorola Solutions Inc. 1

Users of Two-Way Radio Technology

Why Buy A Two-Way Radio System?

• Dispatch and 2-way communication offers- Better reaction and/or response time

- Better control & coordination of personnel and resources

- Better productivity of resources

- Timely information for better decision-making

- Higher level of safety for personnelHigher level of safety for personnel

• Compared to cellular, - Two-way radio is about 100 times faster to make a call to one

person (cellular = 10 secs, 2-way radio = 100 msec)

- Cellular is designed for one-to-one conversations; 2-way radio is designed for one-to-many conversations

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Why NOT a Public Network?

WHEN PS NEEDED PUBLIC NETWORKS, THEYWERE TAKEN DOWN PURPOSELY,OR NETWORK CONGESTION MADE IT IMPOSSIBLE

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Public Safety versus Operator Carrier Network

CARRIER MODEL PUBLIC SAFETY MODEL

BUSINESS OBJECTIVE

Revenue growth Protect life and property

CAPACITY DESIGN For “typical day” (PREDICTABLE)

For “worst day” (UNPREDICTABLE)

COVERAGE DESIGN Based on population density (PREDICTABLE)

Based on life and propertythat need protection

(UNPREDICTABLE)(UNPREDICTABLE)

COMMUNICATIONS DESIGN

One-to-one communicationsOne-to-many

communications

BROADBAND DATA NEED

Internet access to centralized internet connections

(HEAVY DOWNLOAD)

Traffic to agency enterprisenetwork…not thru Internet

(HEAVY UPLOAD & DOWNLOAD LEGACY APPS)

SUBSCRIBER DATA INFO

Owned by Carrier Owned by Agencies

SERVICE PRIORITY DIFFERENTIATION

Minimal differentiation -Subscription and application level

Significant differentiation -Role and incident level

(VERY DYNAMIC)

Traditional Two-way Radio Users

• Public Safety- Police & Law Enforcement, Traffic

- Fire

- Emergency Medical Services / Ambulance

• Utilities- Electric

- Water & Wastewater

• Petroleum/Oil & Gas/Chemical

• Government- Civil Defense / Disaster Management

- National Police, Law Enforcement

- Immigration & Customs, Border Patrol

- Forestry, Interior

- Environment, Health- Military or National Defense

A N Ai F C G d- Gas Distribution

- Telephone

- Cable TV, Internet Service Providers

• Transportation- Rail: Metro, long-haul

- Air: Airport, airlines

- Sea: Seaport, shipping lines

- Land: Trucking, courier, bus, taxi

• Mining

• Manufacturing

… Army, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard

• Construction

• Institutions- Educational

- Hospitals

- Prisons, Correctional Facilities

• Commercial businesses- PAMR/SMRs, Security, Hotels, Tourism,

Service

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Public Safety

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Public Safety

• Public safety is composed of police, fire, emergency medical, highway & road maintenance, and local government

• Business is to insure the safety and security of the general public under its jurisdiction and provide public service

• Work characteristics:- Under normal situations, they provide law & order, maintenance, and

provide emergency services

- Under emergency situations, they must coordinate together to respond to the emergency, minimize loss of life & property, disaster recovery

- Police and highway maintenance works alone usually and call for help when needed

- Firefighters works as a team under very stressful situations

- Two-way radio is their “lifeline”, where seconds can mean life or death

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Public Safety Communication Needs

• Heavily voice-oriented, with some mobile data for the more advanced users

• All public safety requires enough coverage for their area of jurisdiction

- Conventional or trunking; typically trunking because of reliability and features

- Size of systems can range from single-site to very wide-area

- Direct mode of operation is required for no/poor coverage areas

• May buy mobile data system to manage voice traffic loading and improve dispatcher productivity, automate processes

• Typically call center-oriented where incoming emergency calls are answered and personnel are dispatched via radio

- Private system required due to nature of responsibility

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Typical Emergency Communications

PublicPublic

Emergency Dispatch

EmergencyR d

HELP!HELP!

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Responders

Government

Public Public BroadcastBroadcastMediaMedia

Typical Emergency Communication Systems

PublicPublic

Emergency DispatchEmergency Dispatch

EmergencyEmergencyR dR d

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E9E9--11--1 Telephony System1 Telephony System

TwoTwo--way Radio System way Radio System

Government

RespondersResponders

Communications Protocol(information flow, not audio path)

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Trends in Public SafetyThe public safety environment is changing and becoming more complex…

• Need to manage larger-scale incidents

• More frequent collaboration with other agencies

• Learning to use the wealth of i f ti il blinformation now available

• A stronger emphasis on prevention

• Closer interaction with the community

• Intensifying focus on keeping citizens and rescue personnel safe



The ChallengesThe real need is to find better ways of preventing and dealing with such issues as…

• Terrorism

• Victim trafficking

• Computer crime/cybercrime

• Hazardous material transport & spills

• Drug trafficking

• Weapons of mass destruction (chemical, biological, nuclear, etc)

• Large-scale incidents and disasters

• Rising crime rates in most countries

The VisionWhat is needed is an increasingly sophisticated suite of tools and enablers

• Seamless communication between command, vehicle and field

• Rapid access to mission critical data• Smart tools that empower field officers and support p pp

personnel.

Access to relevant information –Anywhere, Anytime

Wireless Mobility Trends

Proprietary Protocols Standards Based

Security Optional Security is a Key Issue

In the Past Trends

Limited Spectrum and Data Rates

Text Based Applications

Separate Radio and IT

Higher Bandwidth Applications

Graphics/Images/Video

Integration with IT

CAPABILITYInteroperabilitySecurity EncryptionEmergencyApplicationsData SpeedTalk-Around

COVERAGECitywideStatewideCountrywideWorldwide

COST

Dedicated to Meeting the System Needs that Help You Transform Your Operations

The Needs of Public Safety Customers…

Talk AroundCOSTImplementationOperationValue-Added Services

COMPLETENESSDesign

Fit with Legacy SystemsTraining

MaintenanceMigrationCONTROL

ReliabilityPriority AccessSpeedUbiquity

CAPACITYSpectrum, BandwidthScalabilityEveryday NeedsPoint of Disaster

Communications SolutionsBroad Portfolio of Systems and Products

• Dispatch center solutions• Network solutions• Device solutions• Application solutions

DispatchCenter

Private Voiceand Data

Devices and MobileApplications

Mobile Data Terminals

Radios

Voice Group Call in < 500ms

Access to National and International Crime Databases

Crisis Management

Center

Motor VehicleDatabase

Country-Wide System Requirements for Public Safety

Databases

Fully Encrypted

Call Center and Dispatch Support

Local CrimeDatabases



Utility

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Utilities

• Utilities are composed of electric service, water & wastewater service, gas distribution, cable TV, and telephone service

• Business is to provide on-going basic commodity services to the public, businesses, and industry within a specific geographical areaa specific geographical area

• Work characteristics:- Under normal situations, they provide maintenance or

administrative tasks to keep commodity flowing and sold

- Under emergency situations, they must coordinate together to respond to the outage or flow stoppage/breakage

- Maintenance works alone usually and call for help when needed

- Radio is required for safety coordination and emergency response

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What is “The Grid”= Distribution= Transmission= Generation

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Utility Communication Needs

• Heavily voice-oriented under emergency because of safety disciplines; can use mobile and fixed data for routine maintenance work, or remote monitoring and controlling

• Coverage is needed wherever the electric distribution grid, water pipes, sewers, gas lines, cables, and telephone lines run

- Typically wide-area systems

- Can use conventional or trunking, depending upon traffic loading during emergency

• Requires radio to locate problem and coordinate repairs as fast as possible to keep service flowing

• Requires mobile/fixed data for faster response time and better information flow for decision-making or productivity

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“The Grid” & Two-way Radio Systems

SingleSingle--site orsite orWideWide--areaareaTrunkingTrunking

WideWide--areaareaConventionalConventional

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WideWide--areaareaConventional or TrunkingConventional or Trunking


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SMART GRID “A Connected Utility”

Executives

Management Staff Call Takers

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Utility / Enterprise

Fleet Vehicles / Assets

Construction & Maintenance

Installation & Repair

Smart HomeCustomers

SMART Utility Key Drivers

Consumers

Community

• Information of energy usage• Better tariffs• Efficient energy consumption & reduce wastage• Contribution to nation energy sustainability• Better quality of lives

• Cleaner environment with reduced carbon emissions • Participate activities against global warming • Increase communal efforts for energy sustainability• Clean Energy initiatives (e.g. solar)

y

Commercial Industries

Technology Providers & Regulators

• Reduce outages & faster recovery• Greater efficiency on energy consumption• Better energy sustainability• Cost savings• Integration of clean energy initiatives• Improved operations & profitability

• New innovation opportunity & revenue potential• Strengthen partnership & collaboration among industry players• Increase information & communication for Regulator• Enhance environmental conditions

“Smart metering will be the typical first step toward an intelligent grid for most utilities” – IDC Energy Insights

Smart Metering/AMI Demand ResponseGrid Automation

• Enable more rapid, reliable reads

• Theft reduction

• Establish 2-way high-

• Time-of-use price signals to customers

• Voluntary and involuntary programs

• Distribution automation

• Outage management

• Load management

• Power Quality Monitoringen

ts

Trends of SMART Utilities Development

y gbandwidth pipe between utility and customer premise

• Provides foundation for future applications

• Reduction in critical peak loads

• Home-area network

Operational efficiencies

Primary Benefits

Cost avoidance & energy efficiency

• Power Quality Monitoring

• Cost-effective means of connecting distributed resources

Reliability improvements &

efficiencies

Key

Ele

me

“Near-term investments will focus on building the communications

backbone, initially justified by smart metering requirements”

“Additional sensors beyond smart meters will be targeted

at problem areas of the distribution Network”

Source for all quotes: IDC Energy Insights, Top 10 Predictions for 2008

Demand Response for consumers needs &

satisfactions

Transportation

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Transportation

• Composed of air, sea, rail, and land transport services• Business is to provide transportation services to

people or goods/cargo• Work characteristics:

- Due to high costs of transportation vehicles, high volume of transport and utilization of vehicles is required to pay for high cost of the vehicles

- High volume is achieved by utilizing the vehicle as much as possible; fast unload and reloading, and turnaround time

- High utilization is also achieved by repairing the vehicle as fast as possible when they fail, and keeping them well-maintained

- Security is extremely important to keep customers using the system- Radio is used as a tool to help manage time & tasks, security, and

address unexpected problems that arise to minimize turnaround time

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Transportation Communication Needs

• Heavily voice-oriented with some mobile data for the more sophisticated users

• Airport and seaports only require coverage at the port areas- Mostly single-site, but occasionally requires multi-site due to size, RF

condition, or design of the facility; conventional or trunking

• Rail requires wide-area coverage along the entire length of q g g gthe track

- Mass transit can be conventional or trunking

- Long-haul is usually conventional due to cost of infrastructure

• Land transport requires coverage in their area of operation

• Radio is used to manage productivity and task coordination; in case of emergency, radio is used for rescue efforts and is considered mission-critical & safety-critical

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TransportationA380 US$275MA380 US$275M

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Users of Two-way Radio Technology

747747--8 US$272.5M 8 US$272.5M -- 282.5M 282.5M

US$27M US$27M -- 67M 67M US$1.0 US$1.0 -- 2.3M2.3M

US$500M US$500M -- 1,000M 1,000M

Transportation –Airport Communications

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Airport communications

• Airport communications is strictly terrestrial for airport operations, support, security, and emergency management

- Landside and airside can use one common system

• Trunking design is best for reliability, redundancySingle site for small airports wide area (2 5 sites max) for large or- Single-site for small airports, wide-area (2-5 sites max) for large or newer design airports

- Conventional repeater is a great value for non-busy, smaller airports

• Communications protocol is similar to public safety

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Airport Communications

LMR use for

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Users of Two-way Radio Technology

ground & service support for aircraft

Airport Communication Users

Terminal OperationsRamp / Apron Operations

Baggage CargoCleaning Catering StaffCheck-in Retail

Served commonly by Trunked Radio Infrastructure

Cleaning

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Trunked Radio Comms System

National Security

Fire SecurityGatesImmigrationCustomsAir Traffic Control

Security & Safety

Administration

ManagementMaintenance

Aircraft Servicing

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Turnaround Video



Modern Airports Today

• Newest airports in Asia use 1 or 2 privately shared digital trunked radio system(s) for the entire airport

- One common wireless infrastructure allows for fast communications between Airport Authority, all airlines, and all supporting companies for improved operational efficiency and airport operations effectiveness

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…Enables interoperability between all users

- Trunking technology allows for:

…Private group communications for each airline

…Added voice capacity for peak aircraft traffic hour

…Added reliability for voice communications against failures

Modern Airports Today

- Digital technology allows for:

…Voice privacy from security threats

…Enhanced and easier IT integration and data applications

…New airport applications to improve airline & airport operations

• This is an investment for future capabilities solves

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• This is an investment for future capabilities, solves current customer issues today, prepares your airport for potential disasters, and enables your emergency operations

• Asia’s newest airports already implemented new digital trunked radio systems for their operations

SITA – ‘Next Gen’ Airport Communications

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Case Study Thailand Bangkok Suvarnabhumi AirportAirportAdapted from TETRA for Airports by Mr. Charnarong ChuacharoenVice President, Business Systems Bureaupresented in TETRA World Congress

Suvarnabhumi International Airport

• Opened for commercial operations in 15 September 2006- Two parallel runways

… 60 m wide, 4,000 m long

… 60 m wide, 3,700 m long)

- Two parallel taxiways to accommodate simultaneous departures and arrivals.

Capacity of handling 76 flight operations per hour

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- Capacity of handling 76 flight operations per hour

- Capable of handling 45 million passengers and 3 million tonnes of cargo per year

• Suvarnabhumi handled a total of 42.7 Million passengers in 2010- 3rd busiest airport in Asia

• Main international hub for Bangkok Airways, Orient Thai Airlines, Thai AirAsia and Thai Airways International

- Serving 93 Airlines

- Serving 30 Cargo Airlines

Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Limited (AEROTHAI)• Founded in 1948 by airlines with the consent of the Royal Thai

Government - Provide air traffic control - Provide aeronautical communication services for airline operations

• In 1963, the Government acquired the Company from the founding airlines

- Non-profit State Enterprise under the Ministry of Transport and Communications

• Business Services includes: - Air Traffic Service and related services- Communication Network Services- Airline and Airport Communication Services- Flight Inspection Service

• Company’s Financial Status- 6,600,000 registered shares with a total value of Baht 660,000,000

… Category A-shares held by the Government: 6,000,000 at Baht 100 fully paid at Baht 600,000,000

… Category B-shares held by 89 member airlines: 600,000 at Baht 100 fully paid at Baht 60,000,000.



Why TETRA for Suvarnabhumi?

• Typical airport environment forradio:

- Small area… Activities mainly concentrated

around the airport terminal building

… Apron/runway

Many users• Many users- Airlines- Catering, refueling- Baggage handling- Airport Engineering and Administration- Security- Immigration, Customs & Excise- Many more…

• Many conversations per user

Why TETRA for Suvarnabhumi?

• Creates a situation where the call traffic loading is very high in a very small geographical area.

• Many voice channels needed for airport operations

• Limited number of frequenciesavailable from NTC (Nationalavailable from NTC (NationalTelecommunications Commission)

• Requirement for spectrum efficient radio technology with provision for data capability for future airport applications.

- TETRA is the most suitable

Growth Coverage Area

Phase 2

Long-term plansLong-term plans for four runways flanking two main terminals and two satellite buildings with a combined capacity capable of handling up to 100 million passengers and 6.4 million tonnes of cargo a year are on the drawing board. The second phase of airport expansion involving the construction of a satellite building south of the main terminal is expected to begin 3 to 5 years after the completion of the first main terminal.

System Configuration Challenges

• Overloading of the radio system in the early days

- Initial expected loading – 2,350 users- By opening day, the number of users rose to –

3,250 users- Confusion during opening days increased radio

traffic significantly- Dimetra IP system from Motorola coped very well

with the unexpected traffic loadwith the unexpected traffic load.

• Success of the TETRA implementation hasattracted many new users

- HUGE increase in demand- Aerothai worked closely with M-Link and

Motorola to expand the system capacity to help cope with the surge in radio traffic demand

- Current number of users – 5,800 users

• Motorola’s Dimetra IP proven to be reliable and works very well even under extremely heavy traffic loads in the cell sites.



Core Services

• Data Services- Short Message Service

(SMS)

- Packet Data Service

• Voice Services- Group Call- Private Call (Individual Call)- Telephone Interconnect Call

(FULL Duplex)- Emergency Call

Announcement Call- Announcement Call- Mode Operation

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Airport Applications

• Automatic Vehicle Location System (AVLS)

• Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA)

• Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)(WAP)

Supplementary Services (Applications)

• Voice Supplementary Services- Dispatch Consoles

- Air-to-Ground Crossband

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Next Steps…

• Expand coverage of the system to cover City Air Terminal for check-in counter and passenger servicing alone Airport Rail Link train route.

• Extend usage of the system to serve communication in energy business sector such as oil refinery, petrol chemical…etc. with AEROTHAI has issued the license to be digital trunked radio system service provider from NTCsystem service provider from NTC.

• Explore possible data applications on TETRA to improve airport operations.

• Amid sharp increases in the number of passengers and airlines using the Suvarnabhumi Airport, authorities are now ready to implement the second phase of construction to enlarge the airport

- increase the airport capacity from 45 million to 60 million passengers a year.

- need to expand the TETRA system further

Transportation –Seaport Communications

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Seaport communications

• Seaport communications is strictly terrestrial for port operations, support, security, and emergency management

• Trunking design is best for reliability, redundancySi l i f ll id (2 3 i ) f l- Single-site for small seaports, wide-area (2-3 sites max) for large seaports

- Conventional repeater are suitable for small seaports

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Container Ship Unloading & Loading

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Seaport Video

Seaport operations using trunking

ControlCenter

One Berth

Cranes

Movers

Supervisor

Lasher

Crane A TG

Yard Cranes

Movers

Crane B TG

Berth Operation

Yard Operation

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4-site TrunkedRadio System

Area A TG

Yard Cranes

Movers

Supervisor

Mover

One Yard

Supervisor

Lasher

Area B TG

Yard Cranes

Movers

(Berth MG)

(Yard MG)

Transportation –Seaport Communications Case Study

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Hong Kong – TETRA

Tan Cang Cai Mep International Terminal (TCIT), Vietnam Transportation –

Rail Communications

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Rail Communications

• Major types of rail operations in any country-- MetroMetro rail: Dedicated passenger rail systems used to move people

in a city area

……Airport rail Airport rail system: Dedicated passenger rail systems used to move people between the airport and the city area

-- LongLong--haulhaul rail: Regional or nationwide rail system designed to move passengers and freight between cities

-- HighHigh--speedspeed rail: Dedicated high-speed passenger train system used to move people between cities very fast

• All require radio communications to maintain safety to avoid train collision & accidents

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Metro Rail Communications

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Customized RailCAD GUI

Radio System

Metro Rail Communications

• Strictly metropolitan area coverage, above-ground, at-ground, and underground operations

• Always mobile coverage; portables will be used with in-building and underground coverage design

• Under normal operations, very little voice traffic- Dispatcher-to-driver comms is always private one-to-one p y p

conversation; driver must “request-to-talk” first- Train drivers not allowed to talk to one another, therefore no wide-

area roaming for voice comms is not really required- Data used for monitoring train status- All other personnel are on group calls

• Coverage is critical for dispatcher-to-driver comms for safety

• Capacity is needed for one-to-one communications

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Metro Rail Communication Trends

• Metro Rail is a major government investment for economic growth and vitality of region

- Safety, security & convenience will encourage ridership

- High ridership will minimize tax support & gov’t funding

• Metro Rail Communications are driven by customer service needs safety security and cost controlservice needs, safety, security, and cost control

- Passenger Emergency Communications

- Train PA / train announcement system

- Train location – e.g. GPS

- Train health monitoring

- On-train Passenger Information System

- Strong desire for mobile video to observe passengers from dispatch

• Added services require more data capacity on system

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Long-haul vs. Metro Rail Systems

Long-haul Rail System• Regional to Nationwide• City-to-city coverage• Open system

- Multiple operators- Track may be shared

Metro Rail System• City to Metropolitan-wide• Neighborhood coverage• Closed system

- One operator only- Track solely owned & operated- Track may be shared

• Double- and Single-track• Freight (mostly) & commuter• Driver may need to get verbal

permission to move forward• Separation in miles/km• Economic engine for nation• Economy impacts business

- Track solely owned & operated

• Double-track always• People only• Driver moves based on traffic

light system• Separation in mins:secs• Economic engine for metro-

area• Ridership impacts business



Long-Haul Rail Communications

• Voice communications- With train dispatcher for

track clearance

- Maintenance staff

- Shunting yard

• Data Applications:- Train Addressing – TRN

- Trainborne Interfaces – e.g. train health & status monitoring, GPS

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Train Controller / Dispatcher

Train Driver

Conductor & Security

Maintenance

Long-Haul Rail Communications

• Regional to nationwide communications requirements along track alignment

- Advantage is that most rail companies have fiber backbone in place for two-way radio comms along track

• Always mobile coverage; portables may be used but not in-building designnot in building design

• Very little capacity needs since only 1 train is allowed on a track circuit at any given time; at most 2 trains in same track area if double-tracked

• Wide-area voice roaming is not really required since train drivers don’t talk to one another

• Coverage is critical for dispatcher-to-driver comms for clearance to enter track section

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Long-haul vs. High-Speed Rail Systems

Long-haul Rail System• Regional to Nationwide• City-to-city coverage• Open system

- Multiple operatorsT k b h d

High-Speed Rail System• Regional to Nationwide• City-to-city coverage• Closed system

- One operator only- Track solely owned & operated

- Track may be shared

• Double- and Single-track• Freight (mostly) & commuter• Driver may need to get verbal

permission to move forward• Separation in miles/km• Economic engine for nation• Economy impacts business• Slow speed

y p• Double-track always• People only• Driver moves based on traffic

light system• Separation in mins:secs,

miles/km• Economic adder for two

major cities• Ridership impacts business• High speed (150-350 kph)

High-Speed Rail Design (and Metro Rail too!)• Sophisticated RF system design

- Wide-area trunking for automatic roaming, mobile outdoor coverage

- Train drivers talk to dispatcher only, private one-to-one calls

- Designed for failsafe operation & safety because of people movement

- Brand new system because high-speed rail is new; cost of two-way di i i i f l hi h d ilradio system is very tiny portion of total high-speed rail system

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Dispatcher

Trunking Wide-area Controller• TETRA is current system of choice by many operators for safety, capacity, value of digital features

Transportation –Rail Communications Case Study

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Case Study –London Underground

• One of the largest metros in the world• Over 3 million customer journeys per day• 450 trains operating 20 hours/day • 390 km of tunnels• Surface area coverage >1,000 km2

• 270 stations

• New network replacing separate train, station and depot systems for each of the eleven (11) operating lines

• Installation of more than 700km of radiating cable to ensure extremely high levels of coverage

• Link train drivers, stations, depots and management in a single integrated TETRA system

• Railway Dispatcher Operation– Mimic Presentation

– Location by Station

• Train Running Number– Manual and Automatic Input

– Train and fixed Mobile

• Train interfaces– Train Management Computer

– Alarm systems

• Railway Mobiles– Simple Calls

– Dedicated HMI

• Routing of calls based on location

The system:

• 11 Lines

• 5 zones

• 290 base sites

• 200+ consoles

• 7000+ Portable Users

• 1400 train mobiles

• 740 km radiating cable

• Coverage will also be available to police, fire and ambulance services tasked with dealing with emergencies in the Tube.

Largest mass transit TETRA project worldwide

Upgrade from analog radio



Case Study – North American Rail

• Simple RF system design- Multiple single sites, high power conventional VHF simplex with

overlapping coverage for reliability, mobile outdoor coverage, manual roaming

- Train drivers talk to dispatcher, and can hear any other trains on track

- Designed for failsafe operation and safetyg p y

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Dispatcher

T=1R=1

T=2R=2

T=3R=3

T=1R=1

T=2R=2

T=3R=3

• Business result:• NA Rail system is the safest rail system

in the world, very productive, very profitable, lowest cost to customers

TRATAIWAN RAILWAY ADMINISTRATION

• PROJECT SCOPE, DELIVERABLES• 2-Zone Dimetra System;

Repeater

• PROJECT BRIEF• Train Dispatch Radio System• Prime MDSL, end user TRA,

consultant CECI • Motorola’s USD$25m. • Apr’03 ~ Aug’06

HuaLien

Ilan

Chang Hua

HsinChu

Taipei

General statistics:1,100 km of track201 train stations572 locomotives12 depots/workshops127 tunnels totaling 160 km

• 149 Repeaters; • CAD System with 39 Consoles dispatchers; • 97 Desktops; • 1130 Locomotive Mobiles; • 5500 Portable radios; • DVRS; Interface to PABX

MSO Repeater Desktop Train RCP

Dispatcher Dispatcher Desktop Portable

PingTung

Central Region

Eastern Region

More info: TETRA WORLD CONGRESS 2007, Railway Master Class

Taiwan High Speed Rail (THSR)• 1 Central Train Control (TaoYuan)

- 10 positions

• 6 Depot/Maintenance/Workshop Stations

• 345 km of track- Taipei to Kaohsiung

• Train Speed at 350km/h

• 11 train stations - 8 current and 3 future

• Due to the hilly terrain in the northern region, and underground tracks, approximately 120km

f t k ill b d b l k blof track will be covered by leaky cable.

Solution: MSO

28 EBTS sites

Customised Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD)

Customised Train-borne equipment

30 passenger trains and 20 Maintenance trains

LCX for Tunnels (62km), 11 stations & 5 depots

LCX for Fire-fighting radio in tunnels and underground stations

322 Portable radios

Training Center Equipment

18 Outdoor shelters, 28 Monopole/towers

TETRA chosen over GSM-R

Oil & Gas

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Petroleum-Chemical or Oil & Gas

• Industry can be segmented by process: exploration, extraction, pipeline, refining, chemical processing, and distribution

• Business is to extract, transport, refine, and sell oil and gas products and all chemical derivatives

• Work characteristics:- The product in this industry depends upon constant flow to

generate sales revenue, therefore the emphasis of this industry is to keep the flow ongoing, without causing any environmental problems (pollution, oil leaks & spills, fire)

- Industry is mostly concerned with monitoring the process, maintenance, and emergency preparedness

- Radio is critical to their inspection and maintenance routines, and for emergency shutdown procedures, emergency response and disaster recovery

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Petroleum-Chemical or Oil & GasProcess

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Petroleum-Chemical or Oil & Gas Communication Needs

• Mostly data communications (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition – SCADA); voice traffic is low during normal situations, very high during emergencies

• Due to flammable nature of products, intrinsically safe radios are required to prevent explosion

• Each area of production has different needs:p- Off-shore and on-shore wells typically use conventional radios

- Pipeline systems use wide-area designs

- Refineries typically use trunking for reliability; can be wide-area if there are several refineries located within area

• Fixed data (SCADA) is also heavily used for remote monitoring and controlling the process, or siren control

• Radio is required for emergency shutdown of process, to minimize impact to general public, and disaster recovery

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Petroleum-Chemical or Oil & GasProcess

SingleSingle--sitesiteConventionalConventional

WideWide--areaareaConventionalConventional

SingleSingle--sitesiteConventionalConventional

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WideWide--areaareaConventional or TrunkingConventional or Trunking

SingleSingle--site or Widesite or Wide--areaareaTrunkingTrunking

Manufacturing

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Manufacturing

• Composed of many small-to-large manufacturing organizations in a wide variety of industries (transport, raw material, finished products, industrial, etc.)

• Business is to manufacture products

• Work characteristics:T i ll f i f ili i h i- Typically one manufacturing facility with access to transportation to ship the finished products

- Industry depends upon constant production to generate sales revenue

- Industry is mostly concerned with maintenance, exception management and emergency maintenance

- Radio is critical to their inspection and maintenance routines, and for emergency maintenance of the production line

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Manufacturing Communication Needs

• Heavily voice to manage processes and problems quickly, with some fixed & mobile data for productivity

• Coverage is typically for the main facility- Can be conventional or trunking

- Single-site is typical, with a few cases for wide-area

Most start as a conventional system and eventually migrate to- Most start as a conventional system and eventually migrate to trunking as business grows

• Radio is required for managing production line problems quickly and for security of the facilities; it is a tool that helps in the manufacturing process

- May also be used to protect the lives of employees in hazardous jobs or environments

- Car manufacturing: Loss of US$20,000/min of stopped production

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Mining

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Mining

• Mining business mines for precious metal (gold, silver), non-precious metal (zinc, lead), consumable materials (coal, sulfur, salt), and non-metal (rock, clay)

• Business is to provide extract raw material or minerals for further processing or sale

W k h t i ti• Work characteristics:- Heavy earth-moving equipment running 24 hours per day

- Typically found in very rural areas where there are no communications infrastructure

- Due to high cost of earth-moving equipment and low cost of the raw material, thousands of tons of ore must be moved per hour to pay for operations; losses of US$100,000’s per minute of downtime

85

Mining Equipment

Dump Truck

Excavators Crawler Dozer

LoaderCrusher

Conveyer Belt Excavators

Mining Equipments (Con’t)

Handheld

Blast Drill Mobile Crusher

Drag LineUnderground Drill Underground Loader

Handheld Jackleg Drill

Types of Mines

88

Open Pit Mining

Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast mining and open-cut mining, refers to a method of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit.

Open pit mines can be used in coal mining, and also extensively in "hard rock" mining for ores such as metal iron ores, copper, gold, silver, lead, zinc, diamondand many minerals.

Underground Mining

Underground mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to excavate hard minerals mainly those minerals containing metals such as ore containing gold, copper, zinc, nickel and lead, but also involves using the same techniques for excavating ores of gems such as diamonds. In contrast soft rock mining refers to excavation of softer minerals such as salt, coal, or oil sands.



Mining Communication Needs

• Voice and mobile/fixed data usage- Can be conventional and trunking

- Fixed data (SCADA) is used to control and monitor remote processes or systems

- Mobile data is used for productivity of vehicles

• Typically mining systems must be private since noTypically mining systems must be private since no other infrastructure exists

- Typically single-site; wide-area for very large mines or underground areas

- Intrinsically safe radios required for use in underground mines

- Mine may have its own railway system that must be considered

• Radio is used for managing the productivity of the process and for emergency maintenance

91

Miner’s Need for Communication

Efficiency Data ApplicationsEfficiency

Safety

Data Applications

Enhance Security

Communication helps to resolve challenges in the Mines

Challenges face during Excavation & Extraction

• Environment:- Drilling and blasting operation

- After blasting, shovels are used to scoop loose ore onto ore trucks, rail cars, or conveyors

• Challenges:- Highly dangerous operation that requires close coordination andHighly dangerous operation that requires close coordination and

very good communications to prevent accidental explosions

- High noise level in the mine site

- Explosive & harsh environment

Challenges face during Transportation

• Environment:- Shovels load ore onto rail cars, ore trucks or

conveyor belt

- Mines have more rail cars/trucks than shovels to insure constant movement of ore

• Challenges:g- Communications is required to manage the

movement of rail cars/trucks/ conveyor

- There must be no stoppage in the transportation process

…Big bottleneck if there is a breakdown in this system

- Mine management

Challenges face during Processing

• Environment:- Processing is used to separate minerals from the ore or preparing the

ore for further refinement- Acid can be used to separate certain minerals from ore by leaching- Crushing is used to crush the ore into smaller pieces for better

smelting or leaching- Smelting is used to separate certain minerals from ore by

heating/meltingheating/melting

• Challenge:- Communications is required to coordinate all of these activities- Security - Mine management



Challenges face during Export

• Environment- Dispatch and Management

…Because of large numbers of vehicles and assets, dispatchers need to manage the overall process to insure that all drivers are well-coordinated and nothing sits idle

- Maintenance

B f h hi h f hi l f i…Because of the high cost of vehicles, fast maintenance to return assets into working order is critical to business success

• Challenge:- Security

- Mine management

Communication is Critical in Mining

Key Drivers for Communications in Mining

• Efficiency- Time is Money.

- Loose of co-ordination and break down will have high financial impact to the mines

• Safety- No Comms No MiningNo Comms No Mining

- Evacuating the Tunnels and Mine Site

- Co-ordination between drilling, blasting and other operations

• Data Application- Integrations with sensors on board the mine equipment to provide

real time updates

• Enhanced Security- Large amount of monies is involved in the operations

Commercial Business

100

Commercial Business

• Composed of many small-to-large commercial businesses

• Business is to manufacture light products, distribute, sell, and service to consumers or end-users, or deliver services

W k h t i ti• Work characteristics:- Ranges from being localized to the building for office work to being

wide-area for mobile workers

- Industry depends upon constant delivery of product and/or service to generate sales revenue

- Industry is mostly concerned with sales, delivery, maintenance, and exception management

- Radio is critical to their sales and service personnel

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Commercial Business Communication Needs

• Heavily voice, with some fixed and mobile data

• Coverage is typically for wherever their sales & service coverage is required

- Can be conventional or trunkingM t t t ti l t d t ll i t t t ki… Most start as a conventional system and eventually migrate to trunkingas business grows

• Radio is required for managing sales, and resolving customer problems quickly; it is a tool that helps in the sales & service delivery process

- Used as a competitive advantage

- Ideal base for PAMR/SMR/public systems

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2004Sands Casino

2006Wynn Macau Resorts

Most Expensive Property in Macao

2006Grand Lisboa

Hotel and Casino

2007Venetian CoTai

2007Ponte 16

Hotel and Casino2008

City of Dream4 Hotel

Towers and Casinos

TETRA Solutions in Macau

Property in Macao

2007MGM Grand

Grand Opening in

August 2007

Grand Opening in July 2007

2008Venetian CoTai Parcel 2

Four Seasons Hotel

• Over 5,000 TETRA Subscribers• 8 TETRA Systems

• Resort World Sentosa (RWS)• Hotel Facilities / Restaurants / Casino /

Theaters / Universal Studio • Full operations in April 2010

Resort World Sentosa (RWS) & Marina Bay Sand (MBS) using TETRA Systems

• Marina Bay Sands (MBS)• Hotel Facilities / Restaurants /

Conference Halls / Casino• Full Operations in Sept 2010

Government

105

Government

• Composed of many branches of the government- Military, Federal Police, Immigration & Customs, Forestry, Border

Patrol, Head of State protection, Civil Defense, etc.

• Business is to provide basic services (law & order, health, housing, treasury, regulatory, etc.) and governance to its citizens within a specific politicalgovernance to its citizens within a specific political boundary

• Work characteristics:- Most of these branches work across the country and require

portability; most law enforcement work is similar to local level public safety

- May require nationwide planning and coordination of a communications system if they centralize their dispatching

- Radio is valued similar to the public safety market

106

Government Communication Needs

• Heavily voice, usually encrypted, with some mobile data for data retrieval

• Each branch has their own requirements for coverage:- Law enforcement organizations usually require nationwide

coverage while the other organizations require more localized coverage, but can also use single-sites for localized workg , g

- Tends to buy conventional because they have few users, and little need for roaming

• Similar to public safety, law enforcement values radio for activity coordination and as a lifeline to call for help; many other non-law enforcement organizations requires radio for task coordination

107

Government –Military



Why Communications?

Without COMMAND,

there’s no CONTROL.

Without COMMUNICATIONS,

there’s no COMMAND.

Trends in the Military Arena

• Commercial Of The Shelf (COTS) adapted for Military use

• Develop Infrastructure for C3/C4I Applications that can automatically process a COMMONoperational pictureoperational picture

• Minimize Interfaces

• Move to Digital-based Software

• Move to OPEN Architecture Systems

• Rising interest in LMR Wireless Platforms

• Integrated Voice & Data “simultaneously”

What Military Users Want?

• Encryption!

• Direct Mode Operation (DMO)

• Wide range of RF coverage requirements

• All informed net (Talkgroup)

• One to One (Individual Call)

• Different priority levels for users

• Emergency call capability

• Dispatch communications

• DATA (Status, SDS)

Military Deployment Operation (Tactical Communications)

Typical Deployment Requirement

Main Node

Battalion Commander

Brigade Commander

S4 (BDE or BN)

BN1


Main Node

Battalion Commander

Brigade Commander

S4 (BDE or BN)

BN1

DMO or viaDigital

Repeater



Key Operational Requirements during Initial Setup Phase

• Typically voice centric operation for FASTresponse

• Direct Mode Operation (DMO) WITHOUT Infrastructure Support

• DMO via Repeater for RANGE EXTENSION• Features and Functionality DURING Initial Setup Phase

that ENHANCED Military Operation- Group Call- Emergency Call- High Security Communications

…Air Interface Encryption…End-to-End Encryption

- Late Entry


Main Node

Battalion Commander

Brigade Commander

S4 (BDE or BN)

BN1

DMO or viaDigital

Repeater

RadioNode

Local Site Trunking Mode

Key Operational Requirements during Local Area Operation

• Base Station ONLY can operate on Local Site Trunking (LST)/Fallback when backhaul link is NOT available!

• AUTOMATIC TRANSITION from Local Site Trunking to Wide Area Trunking when backhaul link with SwMI is established!

• Features and Functionality DURING SINGLE SITE Local Area Operation that enhanced Military Operation

- FULL Trunking Capabilityg y- Group Call- Emergency Call- High Security Communications

… Air Interface Encryption… End-to-End Encryption

- User Priority- Late Entry

• Together with Switching and Management Infrastructure (SwMI), Base Station will have SIMILAR operational characteristics as Wide Area Trunking


Main Node

RadioNode

Wide Area Operation

Battalion Commander

Brigade Commander

S4 (BDE or BN)

BN1

RadioNode

NodeLocal Site

Trunking Mode

Key Operational Requirements in Wide Area Operation

• Voice centric operation for FAST response

• Supplemented with Data for C4I and better SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

• Features and Functionality DURING Wide Area Operation that enhanced Military Operation

- Group Call with Dynamic Group Number Assignment (DGNA)

- Individual and Telephone Interconnect Call in FULL DUPLEX Mode

- Full DISPATCH Services with Priority and Pre-emption Capabilities

- Short Data Services/Messaging (SMS)

- Packet Data Services… Blue Force Tracking via Data Services

… Command & Control Information System via Data Services

- Full Encryption with KEY MANAGEMENT FACILITY

Case Study – US Airbase Communications

120



Case Studies

• In United States- Radio Systems are used EXTENSIVELY by US AirForce

installation

- Proven to meet AirBase Operations

121

AirForce Installations

122

US AirForce

123

SMARTNET Systems

124

SMARTZONE System

125

APCO P25 Radio System

126



Case StudyUS Marine Corps

127

Motorola Military Radio Solution

Radios used in the field today!

Real World Correlation Summary

130

Different industries have different decision drivers

• Government- Jurisdiction (area of responsibility) determines need for coverage –

EVERYWHERE, border-to-border!

- Capacity and infrastructure design is for worst-case scenarios (disasters, riot, terrorist events, etc.); public safety is the largest government group than any other branch of government

- Budget is driven by taxpayers, politicians – typically very little budget

- Each jurisdiction (government) can choose whatever technology suits their requirements best that fits their budget

• Government should be treated with the highest levels with the highest levels of priorityof priority in order to maintain law & order, economical growth, societal order, quality-of-life, and minimize socio-economic damage

131


• Transportation industries (air and sea)- Coverage is localized to port areas for LMR service

- Capacity is determined by subscriber density in port area

- Budget is driven by whoever owns the port: government or private enterprise

- Port operators are independent of one another so they can choose p p ywhatever they like/need for local area comms

• These industries should be treated with very high with very high levels of prioritylevels of priority in order to maintain movement of people & cargo because stoppage impacts the airline or shipping company significantly, and impacts the economy of area that the port serves (tourism, exports, the port itself, etc.)

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• Transportation industries (metro and long-haul rail)- Coverage is localized to track alignment

- Capacity is low, but communications is critical for operations

- Budget is driven by whoever owns the rail system: government or private enterprise

- Long-haul requires common system between rail operators to share g q y pcommunications for safety; metro rail operators can choose whatever they like since they’re a closed, self-contained system

• These industries should be treated with very high with very high levels of prioritylevels of priority in order to maintain movement of people & cargo because stoppage impacts the rail company significantly, and impacts the economy of area that rail serves

133


• Process-oriented industries (utilities, oil & gas)- Coverage is only where their service areas are

- Capacity is determined by subscriber density in service area

- Budget is driven by business decision – typically what is needed to get the job done properly

- Each process area can choose whatever technology suits their p gyrequirements best

• These industries should be treated with very high with very high levels of prioritylevels of priority in order to maintain flow of commodity to commercial & industrial businesses because stoppage impacts a large percentage of population at once (possibly life-threatening), and impacts economy of area

134

Economic value of airports

Rank City (Airport) Total Passengers % Change

1 ATLANTA GA, US (ATL) 88 032 086 ( 2.2)

2 LONDON, GB (LHR) 66 037 578 ( 1.5)

3 BEIJING, CN (PEK) 65 372 012 16.9

4 CHICAGO IL, US (ORD) 64 158 343 ( 6.1)

5 TOKYO, JP (HND) 61 903 656 ( 7.2)

6 PARIS, FR (CDG) 57 906 866 ( 4.9)

7 LOS ANGELES CA, US (LAX) 56 520 843 ( 5.5)

8 DALLAS/FORT WORTH TX, US (DFW) 56 030 457 ( 1.9)

9 FRANKFURT, DE (FRA) 50 932 840 ( 4.7)

434,000 jobs, US$58.2B revenue

450,000 jobs, US$38B revenue(modernization: +190,000 jobs, +US$18B revenue)

408,000 jobs, US$60B revenue783,700 jobs, US$48.8B revenue

135

, ( ) ( )

10 DENVER CO, US (DEN) 50 167 485 ( 2.1)

11 MADRID, ES (MAD) 48 250 784 ( 5.1)

12 NEW YORK NY, US (JFK) 45 915 069 ( 4.0)

13 HONG KONG, HK (HKG) 45 558 807 ( 4.8)

14 AMSTERDAM, NL (AMS) 43 570 370 ( 8.1)

15 DUBAI, AE (DXB) 40 901 752 9.2

16 BANGKOK, TH (BKK) 40 500 224 4.9

17 LAS VEGAS NV, US (LAS) 40 469 012 ( 6.3)

18 HOUSTON TX, US (IAH) 40 007 354 ( 4.1)

19 PHOENIX AZ, US (PHX) 37 824 982 ( 5.2)

20 SAN FRANCISCO CA, US (SFO) 37 338 942 0.3

Source: Airports Council International, as of Aug 2010

Economic value of long-haul railUSA example

• 184,000 employees, sustaining another 1 million jobs elsewhere

• Generates US$265B in economic activity in the US

• Avg rail rates are -55% (1981-2009), making transport costs cheaper for all

• Railroads are 4x more efficient than trucks, saving fuel; 1 ton of freight moved on avg of 480 mi/gal

- Greenhouse gas emissions 75% reduction

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Summary

• Industries & government value two-way radios for their business because of its impact on

- Security & safety of employees and customers

- Reliable communications for immediate assistance when needed

- Productivity

- Cost savingsCost savings

• Two-way radios and wireless data are complementary to each other for industry & government; both tools bring a different economic value to them

• Most efficient and effective industries & governments use both tools in combination as a competitive weapon or as a “tool of the trade” to accomplish their mission and/or duties

137

Users of Two-Way Radio Technology Public Safety

Documents