User's Guide EasyLab - Festo Didactic · 2015-12-02 · EasyLab-Starter-2.1.2-20100302.exe This program installs EasyLab Starter Edition on your PC. Run the program and follow the

© 2015 Festo Didactic SE

User's Guide

EasyLab

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Contents

Chapter 1 Welcome1

CD Contents1

Installation, Update and Uninstallation2

Change of Language3

Chapter 2 Frequently Asked Questions3

Previously known errors3

General5

Chapter 3 Feature Overview5

Hardware Model6

Software Model8

Sequential Function Chart8

Sequential Data Flow12

Data types14

Simulation18

Code generation and Programming19

Debugging21

Product Lifecycle Management21

Chapter 4 Function Block Library24

Generic25

Controllers26

Signal Processing36

Signal Generation57

Constants63

Interfaces65

Math66

Misc100

Visualization102

EasyKit Starter108

LEDs109

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Contents

Switches112

Stack 1116

Stack 2144

EasyKit Mini171

LEDs171

Joystick174

Sensors179

OLED display184

Communication192

EasyPort Mini196

Chapter 5 C programming232

Build examples232

Build runtime234

Build examples with self-build runtime234

Chapter 6 Legal Notice235

1Chapter 1 Welcome

1Welcome

EasyLab is an intuitive graphical programming environment for embedded systems. It covers

the following parts of the development process:

Modeling of target hardware

Description of the task to be performed using graphical modeling languages

Simulation of the modeled program

Code generation and program the target device

Troubleshooting (debugging) the application directly on the target hardware

Product life cycle management for the target application

Browse the online help to learn more about EasyLab or use the context-sensitive help to

understand the use of the individual functions.

CD Contents

The EasyLab Starter Edition disc, which contains EasyKit Starter also contains many example

programs and other educational materials.

Example Programs

The folder contains worksheets which are associated with project

files and can be loaded and edited with EasyLab Starter Edition.

Teachware

The folder contains various documents for introduction to EasyKit

Starter.

Arbeitsblaetter EasyKit.doc

Several worksheets that complement the introduction to micro-

controller programming with EasyKit. Exercises that make it

possible to apply and deepen the knowledge practically. The

worksheets are oriented towards content of the relevant

sections of the workbook.

easykit-starter-c.pdf

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2 Chapter 1 Welcome

1Welcome

A paper on programming with EasyKit Starter.

Mikrocontrollerprogrammierung mit EasyKit.pdf

The workbook from Festo introduces EasyKit Starter and

explains its concepts in detail. The most important function

blocks and their use is explained as examples. The worksheets

(Arbeitsblaetter_EasyKit.doc) complete the different sections

with exercises.

Mikrocontrollersteuerungen mit EasyKit

A brief introduction into the basics of micro-controllers and

micro-controller controls as well as their programming with

EasyKit Starter.

EasyLab-Starter-2.1.2-20100302.exe

This program installs EasyLab Starter Edition on your PC. Run

the program and follow the instructions. After successful

installation, you can start EasyLab Starter Edition from the start

menu.

Setup_231_Lernprogramm_Mikrocontroller_1330.exe

This program installs the micro-controller tutorial from Festo on

your PC. Run the program and follow the instructions. After

successful installation, you can access the learning program from

the Start menu. The production requires a telephone or online

activation with the supplied product key.

Installation, Update and Uninstallation

Installation

You must have administrative privileges to install EasyLab. Please follow the instructions on the

screen.

Update

EasyLab will automatically notify you when a new version of the program is available.This is

only possible if the computer, on which EasyLab is installed, has a permanent Internet

connection and the requests of EasyLab are not blocked (eg by Firewall).

You can also search for updates manually by clicking Check for Updates in Menu Extras.

3Chapter 1 Welcome

1Welcome

Uninstallation

To uninstall EasyLab, please select either the relevant entry in the Start menu or the respective

option in the Control Panel.

Change of Language

EasyLab automatically detects the language of the operating system and then selects the

appropriate translation.

You can change the language anytime under Extras Languages. The changes are visible

immediately.

Frequently asked questions about EasyLab will be discussed in this chapter. Click on a

question in order to read it's answer.

A current version of the frequently asked questions is available online in the forum "Fragen

und Antworten" at http://www.easy-kit.de/forum/.

Previously known errors

The following list provides an overview of the currently known errors/bugs in EasyLab (Also

see: The forum "Fragen und Antworten" at http://www.easy-kit.de/forum/).

In case you find a new bug, please report it online on the forum Support at http://www.easy-

kit.de/forum/ .

Please always include the EasyLab version as well as much information possible, under

which circumstances the error occured and how can it be reproduced (Also see: How can

errors in EasyLab be reported? ).

The EasyKit-Starter unit is temporarily not visible

This error occurs if an empty program is executed in the debug mode. You can work around

this error as follows:

End the debugging of the empty program. The EasyKit-Starter unit should now be

displayed.

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http://www.easy-kit.de/forum

http://www.easy-kit.de/forum/



4 Chapter 2 Frequently Asked Questions

2Frequently Asked Questions

Note: The error does not occur if you have used at least one functional block of the device.

This error was rectified in EasyLab 2.0.8.

The automatic detection of Match-X components are not functioning correctly

This problem occurs in EasyLab version 2.1.5 onwards where the support for the identification

new Match-X blocks was introduced. That required a necessary change to the detection

software which causes this problem. You can work around this error as follows:

Execute any program on the EasyKit Starter device.

The detection should now work for all supported blocks.

The execution of the program or debugging does not work.

Please make sure that you have installed EasyLab version 2.1.4 or later on Windows 7 (64

Bit Version).

Administrative rights are needed during the installation ( first installation ) of the two required

USB drivers.

Depending on the configuration, new versions of Windows (including Windows 7) look for

drivers on the internet, this may delay the installation of the drivers in EasyLab by a few

seconds. Therefore, please wait until Windows has finished installing the drivers completely

before starting to program EasyKit-Starter.

Windows crashes when awakening from hibernation mode if the libusb-win32 Filter-Driver is

installed.

If libusb-win32 is installed and Windows is put into hibernation mode, while EasyKit-Starter

device is plugged in, Windows crashes on awakening from the hibernation mode.

This is a known bug in the libusb-win32 Filter driver versions 0.1.12.2 and earlier, you can

work around the error as follows:

Use a newer version of the Filter driver, or forgo the Filter driver and use the normal libusb-

win32 device driver (recommended).

Uninstall libusb-win32 if you do not require it. Please note that this software is not required

by EasyLab but it may be possible that other software use libusb-win32 to access USB

devices.

Disconnect the USB connection of the EasyKit-Starter unit before you resume Windows

from hibernation, this should prevent the crash of Windows.

http://libusb-win32.sourceforge.net/

5Chapter 2 Frequently Asked Questions

2Frequently Asked Questions

General

The following section answers a number of general questions about EasyLab.

How can errors in EasyLab be reported?

It may be possible that the error and its corresponding solution is already known. Please go

through the questions and answers forum first for corresponding entries.

In case you cannot find any solution to your problem, please report it to the Support-

Forum.

In every case, please give the version of the EasyLab you are using. The version can be

found in the Help menu under About and it has the form Version 2.0.7 Build 20100121 for

example.

In case you find an entry with a similar problem as yours, then please provide more

information.

Why is only one instance supported?

EasyLab Starter can only be executed once at a given time because the device "EasyKit

Starter" can address only one instance of the program.

Please choose a category below or use the button in the upper right corner of the Help

window to display one topic after the other:

Hardware Model

Software Model

Sequential Function Chart

Sequential Data Flow

Data Types

Simulation

Code generation and programming

Debugging (Troubleshooting)

Product Lifecycle Management

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Hardware Model

In order for EasyLab to know how to deal with a specific target platform, it requires information

about the target hardware. This information is pictured in the form of a corresponding model,

hence the name Hardware Model.

The Hardware Model influences the available functionality. For example it can describe specific

I/O or communication interfaces a specific target platform has. According to this data, more or

fewer function blocks can be used from the Function block library . In order to enumerate

the Hardware Model, any number of so called Devices can be added to the Function block

library.

Devices and the Function block library

The Function block library provides quick access to all devices and function block that are in

the current project. When creating a new Project you will alwasy find the "Devices" Function

blocks and Variables in the Function block library. These devices cannot be removed from the

Project. More information about the Function block library is available here .

Adding devices

In most of the cases, pre-defined devices can be used. These devices can be added below the

Function block library to the current Project by clicking on the Add button. You can do this in

any Sub program (and not in the Main program as the Function block library is not displayed

there).

After adding the new device, it appears in the Function block library ordered in categories and

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3Feature Overview

function blocks. Double click on the categories in order to open it and view the containing

function blocks. Now you can add the function blocks by drag and drop (click and drag) to the

current Sub program.

Removing devices

If you wish to remove a device, first make sure that none of the function blocks of that device

are being used in your current Sub program. Only then is the removal of a device possible.

Select the device from the Function block library and then click Remove.

Hardware resources and mutual influence of the devices

It is possible that the function blocks of devices influence each other. A simple example is a

device that represents a micro-controller. This device can, for example, make a set of digital

inputs (so called "general purpose I/Os) available. At the same time, many micro-controllers

also offer analog inputs. However, it is not possible to simultaneously use both a digital and an

analog input which is on the same processor pin. Therefore, a choice has to be made whether

the corresponding pin is to be used as a digital or an analog input.

EasyLab has a mechanism to ensure that the simultaneous use of mutually exclusive

configurations results in an invalid state. That mechanism defines so-called hardware

resources from the devices. Function blocks can reserve these resources. If a resource is

reserved, than it cannot be used by another function block. Only when the function block is

removed from the Sub program, can the resource be freed for different function blocks.

The columns Available and Used in the Function block library provide information on how often

a function block can be used and how often it was already used in the current Sub program.

To see these columns scroll to the right in the Function block library.

Function blocks, that are currently unavailable due to lack of resources are colored gray in the

Function block library.

Definition of custom devices

At the moment, EasyLab does not offer visual (interactive) support for defining custom devices.

You may, however, add a device description as an XML file to be used as a pre-defined device

in your own projects. Certain versions of EasyLab deliver this feature with special

documentation.


3Feature Overview

Software Model

A Software model or an application model refers to the software based description of the

behaviour of a system. The description is implemented in so called programming languages in

the form of a control program. The software model describes in particular the conditions of

such a program and the actions to be carried out in each state.

To describe a software model, EasyLab offers two graphical programming languages which

are complementary in their scope:

The Sequential Function Chart is suitable to describe different states of a program and

transitions from one state to another. It also provides means to describe how the program

should behave under different circumstances.

The Sequential Data Flow describes a network of elements which each receive, process

and finally output new data. By combining such data processing elements, it is possible to

model complex calculations.

All data (values such as numbers or truth values) in EasyLab have a data type. This relates to

values that are calculated by function blocks in the Sequential Data Flow language and

variables that are used, for example, for the transition conditions in the Sequential Function

Chart. Learn more about the Purpose and use of data types .

Sequential Function Chart

The Sequential Function Chart describes the states of a program and transitions from one state

to another. It also provides means to describe how the program should behave under certain

circumstances. The SFC in EasyLab corresponds to the IEC 61131-3 international standard

but it is not implemented fully.

The following describes the Syntax and the Execution semantics of the language.

Syntax

The elements of the SFC in EasyLab are:

State

Initial State

State transition with transition conditions

Alternative branches with transition conditions

Jump

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State

A state is represented by a rectangle. The position of the state within the graphical

representation decides when the state is entered. Inside the rectangle are two identifiers. The

first identifier defines the name of the condition. It can be directly edited by clicking on the

name. The name must be unique within a flowchart. The second identifier determines which

sub program should be executed in each state. By clicking on the identifier you can select the

appropriate sub program from a list. The special value - means that no sub program is

assigned to this state.

A so called Time slice is also allocated to each state. This determines how long should the

execution of a state last.

The state requires a short time for its execution, so the program waits until the corresponding

total time has expired before proceeding with the execution. Thus, it can be said how often a

state should be executed per second. It is also possible to define exact waiting times.

The Time slice is set by default to 10 milliseconds i.e. the state would be executed 100 times

per second. To modify the Time slice, right click on the frame of the state and select the Time

slice.

In the following dialog window, enter the new Time slice.


3Feature Overview

Initial State

In every flowchart the initial state is marked by double lines. This is the state which is active

when the program is executed.

State transition with transition conditions

A transition defines when a program should switch from one state to another. State transitions

are always between two successive states and are represented by a cross line. Near the cross

line is a condition that must be met before the state transition is performed. This condition is

also called the transition condition. Every transition condition will be evaluated once if the state

was executed before the transition condition. If the condition is true then the successive state

is active otherwise the current state remains is active. The transition condition can be specified

in text form. The following elements (with their usual mathematical meaning) may be used:

The identifier true (always true) and false (always false)

Whole numbers and decimal numbers (for example 3, -7, 3,14).

Parentheses for grouping (for example (3.1-0.1)*3).

Names of global variables ( x and y in the example above)

Names of local variables of the previous state

Simple mathematical operations (Addition +, Subtraction -, Multiplication *, Division /,

Modulus %), provided they are applied to numbers (see Data types) . Modulus (integer

remainder) should not be used with decimal numbers.

Comparison operators (equal ==, not equal !=, lesser than <, greater than >, lesser or equal

<=, greater or equal >=), provided they are applied to numbers (see Data types) . The

result of a comparison operator is a boolean (true or false) value.

Logical operators (And &&, Or ||, Not !), provided they are applied to boolean values (see

Data types) .

Further details can be found in the Execution semantics section.

Alternative branches with transition conditions

An alternative branch makes it possible to branch into different successor states depending on

a condition. It is displayed graphically by a single long cross line, from which the different

branches emerge. The number of execution branches is unlimited. Every branch begins with a

condition which determines which branch is entered under certain circumstances. Once the

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program execution reaches the alternative branch, the conditions of the branches are

evaluated sequentially from left to right. If any of the conditions is true, the first state of the

respective branch is active. If none of the conditions are true, the state of the alternative

branch remains active.

Jump

A jump allows the program execution to continue at a different state. The name of the target

state is listed below the jump statement as jump target. In addition to the ones defined in the

flow chart, there is the special jump target RETURN, which terminates the execution of the

program.

Execution semantics

Execution of States

1. Once a state has been entered, first of all the associated sub program of the state is run. If

there is no sub program associated (---), then no execution will take place.

2. If the execution of a state lasted shorter than the time slice, the program waits until the total

time since the start of the execution of the state has elapsed as defined in the time slice.

3. Finally, the transition condition is evaluated. If the result is true, then the successive state is

active and if the result is false then the current state remains active and the execution is

started again at Step 1.

Sequence of States

If two states are defined one behind the other, first the upper state will be entered and

executed. Only if the transition condition between the states is true, the second state is entered

and executed.

Alternative branches

If an alternative branch is active, first the transition condition on the left is evaluated. If this is

true, the first state of the branch is activated. If this is false, the process is repeated for

second transition condition, and so on. If none of the transition conditions is true, the state

above the alternative branch remains active and is executed again.

Jumps

If a jump is active, the effect is the same as if the state, which is indicated as the jump target,

is active. Thereafter, the execution takes place according to the previously defined rules.

If the jump target is RETURN, the program is terminated i.e. there are no active states

anymore.


3Feature Overview

Sequential Data Flow

The Sequential Data Flow (SDF) describes a network of elements which each receive, process

and finally output new data. By combining such data processing elements, it is possible to

model complex calculations. Since all the data in EasyLab have a Data Type , it is only

possible for compatible inputs and outputs to be connected to each other. The SDF in EasyLab

corresponds to the IEC 61131-3 international standard but it is not implemented fully.

The following describes the Syntax and the Execution semantics of the language.

Syntax

The elements of the SDF in EasyLab are:

Function blocks, for example.:

Constant

Addition

Division

Interval Display

Edge

Value

Function block

Function blocks are the computational units in the data flow language. You can have any

number of inputs and outputs (so called Connectors), which are indicated by blue squares.

Inputs are always on the left and the outputs on the right. The following image illustrates more

components of a function block:

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Properties dialog

Each input of the function block in SDF has a default value that can be edited from the

properties dialog. Double click on a function block to access its properties dialog. Alternatively,

you can use the item Properties from the context menu of the function block. This appears if

you right click on the "Handle" (upper section) of the function block.

Some function blocks can also be directly edited in the SDF program. The constant, for

example, offers a field in which their value can be edited directly without having to invoke the

properties dialog.

Edge

Edges transport data from an output of a function block to any of the inputs of the same or

another function block. This

overides the value adjacent to the edge of the default value of the inputs to which the edge is

connected. To add an edge, click on an output of a function block and then to an input of

another (or same) function block. Should a connection not be possible, the last clicked

connector will turn red, which means that the connectors are not incompatible and cannot be

connected (their Data Types differ and cannot be automatically converted). For example, it

is not readily possible to connect the output of the Equality function block (output data type:

boolean) to the input of an Addition function block (expected input data type: number).

However, it is possible to convert data from one type to another type using the Type

Conversion function block.

Enter Escape to cancel the drawing of an edge.

Edges can connect outputs and inputs directly or for clarity, have any number of vertices. For

example, edges can be modeled so as to feature right angled vertices (see picture above).

To add a vertex to an existing edge, double click on the appropriate location of the edge.

Then you can move the vertex by clicking and dragging.

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To add vertices while creating an edge, click on the appropriate places in the SDF program

before you click the target connector.

Value

If the setting Show Connector Values in menu View is activated, then the current values of the

connectors are displayed on the function blocks. If the program is not running, the values

correspond to the default values of the corresponding connectors. Only if the program is

executed, the real values are calculated and displayed accordingly.

Instead of the values, short descriptions of the connectors can also be displayed. To do this,

select View Show Connector Descriptions

Execution Semantics

In an execution step of a SDF program, each function block is normally executed only once.

The order of execution is automatically selected such that the in each case, the data is

available to the function blocks for their calculation. In the above example program a valid

execution order would as follows:

Execution of the three Constants

Execution of the Addition block

Execution of the Division block

Execution of the Interval Display block

However, it would be just as possible for the Addition to be performed immediately after the

execution of the two constants which are connect to the Addition block. Since the result of the

calculation does not make any difference, EasyLab automatically selects an appropriate order.

Cycles

Cycles are allowed in SDF programs. Cycles are created by circular arrangement of one or

more edges. If the SDF program contains cycles, the execution order of the function blocks

does make a difference. A function block on the circuit, which can be executed first, has to be

determined. The inputs of this function block does not receive any data from the connected

edges that form the cycle. However, it may use default values instead.

Data types

In EasyLab, every value, that is calculated in a program is assigned a data type. This relates to

values that are calculated by function blocks in the Sequential Data Flow language and12


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variables that are used, for example, for the transition conditions in the Sequential Function

Chart language. The most common types are number and Boolean values. This page offers

the following information:

Why are there different data types?

Data type "Integer"?

Data type "Decimal"?

Data type "Boolean"?

Conversion of data types

Bits and memory consumption

Why are there different data types?

The reason for this lies in the representation of data on the micro-controller or on a computer

in general. Data on a micro-controller or computer is really only arrays of zeros and ones. In

the end the computer performs calculations directly on these ones and zeros i.e. it does not

know what the zeros and ones actually mean. To assign meaning to these binary data, one has

to specify how they are interpreted.

Example

A sequence of 16 zeros or ones can be interpreted very differently based on the application:

One case would be that a number is formed from all the 16 bits. Suppose that the sequence

is 00010011 00110101. The value of the unsigned 16-bit integer would be 1*1 + 1*4 + 1*16

+ 1*32 + 1*256 + 1*512 + 1*4096 = 4917

Another case would be two consecutive 8 bit numbers. In that case, the value of the first 8 bit

number would be 11, and the second 8 bit number would be 53.

Lastly, one could also interpret the 16 bit number as 16 consecutively store boolean values,

where 1 represents "true" and 0 represents "false".This could, for example, represent on

which tables is at least one student seated in a classroom. In this case, a total of 7 tables

would be occupied.

The ones and zeros will therefore have the meaning based on how we interpret the binary data.

This can be achieved by assigning data types to the data.

The most common types are numbers and boolean. The numbers can be roughly divided into

integers (whole numbers) and decimal numbers.

Data type "Integer"

Integers have different values ranges i.e. some integer data types can cover a greater range

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than others. The following table provides an overview of the available integer data types:

Name of the data

type

Bits Smallest

representable value

Largest

representable value

uint8 8 0 255

uint16 16 0 65535

uint32 32 0 4294967295

uint64 64 0 18446744073709551

615

int8 8 -128 127

int16 16 -32768 32767

int32 32 -2147483648 2147483647

int64 64 -

92233720368547758

08

92233720368547758

07

In the above table, "u" stands for "unsigned", which means that the corresponding number

cannot be negative (because the range of the value starts from 0). The number in the name of

the data type corresponds to the number of bits (ones and zeros) that are used to store the

value. The more bits used, the greater the number can be. In case of integers, if the result of

calculation is out of range from the representing number then, as a rule, an incorrect result is

returned. Therefore, make sure to always use the data type with a large enough range.

Data type "Decimal"

Also decimals (more precisely: floating point numbers) can be divided into several types:

Name of the

data type

Bits Smallest

representable

positive value

Largest

representable

positive value

Significant

digits

float 16 ca. 10-37 ca. 1037 6

double 32 ca. 10-37 ca. 1037 10


3Feature Overview

All decimal values are always signed i.e. negative number are always represented. Therefore,

there is no distinction between positive and negative numbers in the table. "1037" means "a 1

with 37 zeros" ( a very large number). Both the data types can only store a certain number of

"significant digits". A digit is significant if it has the same value, when the number is converted

to float or double.

Example

A popular example is the storage of the number Pi (3.14159265358979323846...) in the

computer.

If Pi is stored as a variable of type "float" then it is guaranteed that the first digits are

3.14159 (6 significant digits). The digits after 9 are not defined.

If Pi is stored as a variable of type "double" then it is guaranteed that the first digits are

3.141592653 (10 significant digits). The digits after 3 are not defined.

The types differ in the precision with which they save floating point numbers. It is not the case

always that the exact value of the result of a calculation is stored but a representable

approximate. If the type "double" is used, then the "true" value is generally taken to be the type

"float". However, the "error" caused depends on the actual value because some numbers can

be represented more accurately than others. To avoid problems with rounding off numbers, the

type "double" should be used where possible.

Data Type "Boolean"

For boolean values there is only one data type called bool.

Name of the data type Bits Represented value

bool 1 (8) true, false

A boolean value represents just one piece of information i.e. one or zero. The variable "bool"

requires 1 Bit of storage space. In practice, due to technical reasons, it makes sense to use 8

Bits of storage and only consider the least significant bit.

Conversion of data types

Data can be converted from one type to another. Use the function block Type Cast .

Bits and memory consumption

The more flexibility a number requires in the representation, the more bits must this number

have. This also make it clear why there is a precise distinction for the numbers. If a developer

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knows the particular value range of a variable in a particular program then he/she can select a

data type that uses lesser bits. And by doing that, the memory consumption during the

execution of a program is reduced. Should the number be stored (for example on a hard disk)

then this also reduces the storage space on the disk. On micro.controllers in particular,

memory is an important resource and should not be wasted. It is therefore recommended to

use cheap data types, which on the one hand uses the minimum range and on the other hand

as little memory as possible..

Simulation

Simulation means reviews the functioning of a modeled program without actually executing it on

the target platform (for example a micro-controller). The advantage of simulation is that it

requires no hardware. The other advantages are:

The structure of the program (states, jump targets, edges, function blocks, etc.) can be

modified directly during the simulation.

Values of the constants and default values of the function blocks can also be modified during

the simulation.

Time slices of the SFC programs can be modified during the simulation.

Start simulation

To activate the simulation, click the Run Simulation Mode and then start the simulation by

clicking Run Start Start Main Program.

If you switch to Main Program, you can view which state the program is currently executing

which is indicated by the thickened frame. To indicate that the main program is being

executed, a green circle appears on the tab of the Main Program.

If you switch to the active Sub Program, you can see the live calculated values of the function

blocks, provided that the setting View Show Connector Values is activated. The active Sub

Program is marked by a green circle on the tab of the Sub Program.

Simulation affect

Function blocks, for example the ones that relate to the inputs and outputs of a micro-controller,

can now be simulated to switch on/off or delay by the corresponding buttons (radio button,

slider).

Stop simulation

In order to stop the simulation, select Run Terminate from the menu. It may also occur that a

program terminates itself. Examples of such situations are:

In a SFC program if a Jump is active, whose target is RETURN and the concerning program


3Feature Overview

is the Main Program.

In case of a calculation error, for example division by zero.

Code generation and Programming

After a successful simulation, it is time to test the program on a real hardware. For this, the

hardware must be available and connected to a computer running EasyLab via a suitable

interface. What interfaces can be used is described in the topic "Settings for code generation"

(see below).

Start Code generation

To activate the code generation, click the Run Code Generation Mode and then start the

generation by clicking Run Start Generate Code.

In some versions of EasyLab you can also select a so called code generation profile from Run

Start Generate Code. If you do this, the code generation is performed with settings entered

in the code generation profile.

Settings for code generation

If you have not selected any code generation profile, then a code generation window appears.

Here you can set different settings for the code generation.

Platform

The platform determines the overall target architecture. Usually this is the name of the micro-

controller family for which the code is to be generated.

Tool chain

This entry determines which tools are to be used for compiling and linking the program on the

target platform. This distinction is important because different tool chains can be used for a

target platform ( for example a commercial or a free compiler). The available choices are

determined by the selected platform (step above).

Uploader

This entry specifies the interface for transferring the program that is to be used on the target

system. Again, here are also several options that are defined based on the platform and tool

chain. This option is only relevant if the option Upload binary image to device is selected. The

section Uploader configuration appears depending on which Uploader is selected in order to

set additional options.

Debugger


3Feature Overview

The debugger provides the methods to be used for real-time monitoring and parameterization

of the program during the development. This is activated only if the Enter debug mode option is

selected. The section Debugger Configuration appears depending on which debugger is

selected in order to set additional options.

Prefix

This makes it possible to add a unique prefix to all the functions and identifiers in the generated

code. It can be left empty in normal cases.

Output directory

Here, the output directory for the generated code can be set. If the entry is empty or ".", the

code is generated in the temporary directory. This can be left empty or "." in normal cases.

Clean output directory first

Determines whether the output directory is to be emptied before code generation. This should

be normally selected.

Compile generated code

Determines whether the generated code should be compiled. This should be normally selected.

Upload binary image to device

Determines whether the compiled program will be transferred to the target device.

Enter debug mode

Specifies whether to run the real-time monitoring and parameterization methods after the

transfer of the program on to the target system. If this option is selected, then the program

cannot be run without EasyLab! In case this option is selected, then the option Enable

service interface cannot be used.

Enable service interface

Specifies that the generated program can be motinered and configured on a service interface

even without EasyLab. See Product Lifecycle Management . This option cannot be activated

in conjunction with the Enter debug mode option.

Ignore program ID

This option allows you to enter the debug mode with the test to skip if the currently loaded

program corresponds to the program being debugged. Normally, this option should not be

selected.

Programming

After the settings are set, the program is first translated to source code which is then inturn

translated to binary data by a corresponding compiler. Then the programming is successfully

21


3Feature Overview

complete provided that the appropriate settings are activated. During the process, the progress

and feedback can be monitored in the Log dialog window.

Debugging

If the option Enter debug mode is selected, the real-time monitoring and parameterization will

be started after successful programming and clicking the Debug button.

Start debugging

Follow the instructions in chapter Code generation and Programming to find out how the

debug mode can be activated.

Debugging influence (real-time monitoring and parameterization)

The debug mode is similar to the Simulation Mode . In each case, the active program

displays the current status and calculated data. However, the execution of the program is now

on the target hardware and the data shown corresponds to the real-time data of the system,

hence the term real-time monitoring.

Additionally it is possible to influence the running program. A change in the structure of the

program is not possible here, as this would would require a new code generation. The following

modifications can be done in debug mode:

Values of contants and default values of function blocks can be modified.

Stop debugging

In order to stop the debugging, select Run Terminate from the menu. The program on the

target system is also terminated, if this is supported by the target system. It may also occur

that a program terminates itself. Examples of such situations are:

In a SFC program if a Jump is active, whose target is RETURN and the concerning program

is the Main Program.

In case of a calculation error, for example division by zero.

The target system is manually reset or the power supply or communications link is

interrupted.

Product Lifecycle Management

Often it is necessary to modify certain parameters and settings of a program after an event

and adapt or read out the state of a program according to predetermined service levels.

EasyLab offers support for such scenarios.

19

18


3Feature Overview

Service Interface

The function block library of some versions of EasyLab offer a block called Service Interface

. If this special function block is used in a Sequential Data Flow (SDF) program, it can

retrieve information about the state of the program and set parameters, even when the system

is already in production. This is done without EasyLab and therefore, it is possible to do it with

new code generation. The changes can be even made during the production of the system and

therefore, there is no down time due to maintenance.

In contrast to allow the service interface debugging , fine-grained access control or

unauthorized changes to key functional parameters of the system is prevented from taking

place.

Service interfaces are disabled by default. It is only effective if the option Enable service

interface is selected during Code generation .

Appointment of service interfaces

The service interfaces are usually provided with descriptive names. Once the service interface

function block is inserted in the program, right click it and then select Display name. The

function block can now be suitably named. The name of the function block is also the name of

the service interface.

Use of service interfaces

Service interfaces can be used in two different configurations:

1. Use as a parameter

As shown in the picture above, the output of a service interface, here name regler_p can be

connected to any input of a function block. In addition a default value (here 0.2) can be

defined in the properties dialog. This value is used as long as no other value is set via the

service interface. In this example, the P value of a PID Controller is used as a parameter.

2. Use as output value

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33


3Feature Overview

The above picture shows how a service interface (here named ausgabe_v), can be used to

export a calculated value.Whenever a new calculated value is received, this is stored as the

value of the service variable. Now if this value is accessed from outside the service interface,

the value is returned as the value of the variable ausgabe_v.

Names and identifiers of service interfaces

Since it is tedious and cumbersome to query the value if a service interface by name, EasyLab

also offers a concept of accessing the service interfaces by means of numerical identifiers.

Each service interface is assigned a unique identifier to it. During code generation, the

assignment of names to identifiers is stored in the file report.xml which is placed in the code

generation directory. However, this occurs only if you select the option Enable service

interface during Code generation .

Access to the service interface

Certain versions of EasyLab provide tools and interface definitions to access the service

interface.

If the tools are provided, then they are located in the bin directory of the EasyLab

installation. service_modbus_guitest.exe is a graphical tool for communication with the

service interface. First, the correct serial communications port should be selected and the

report.xml, that was created during code generation is loaded. After that, the connection to

the target system is established and the data can now be accessed or modified.

19


3Feature Overview

The tool is service_modbus_test.exe command line-based and a simpler version. Here,

loading of the report.xml file is not possible. Instead, the identifiers must be used directly.

At the moment, only certain identifiers are supported.

If the interface definitions are provided, then they are located in the api directory of the

EasyLab installation. They must be linked with api/lib/plugin_service.lib. The headers

can be found in api/include/plugin/service.

Control programs created with EasyLab consist of interlinked Function Blocks . These are

located in the function block library and can be inserted into a sub-program via Drag & Drop.

Function blocks are assigned to different categories. By double-clicking onto a category name

with the left mouse button, the category folder is expanded.

12

25Chapter 4 Function Block Library

4Function Block Library

Function block library

Workspace

Search field

Generic

Category

Controllers 26

26 Chapter 4 Function Block Library


Signal Processing

Signal Generation

Constants

Interfaces

Math

Misc

Visualization

Controllers

Symbo

lVisualization Function Block Description

Three Level

ControllerPerforms three-level control

Two Level Controller/

Hysteresis Loop

Performs two-level control or

hysteresis loop.

Dead Zone Controller Performs dead zone control

P Controller Performs discrete proportional control

PI ControllerPerforms discrete proportional

integral control

PD ControllerPerforms discrete proportional

differential control

PID ControllerPerforms discrete proportional

integral differential control

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100

102

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29

30

31

32

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PID Controller with

anti-windup

Performs discrete proportional

integral differential control (with anti-

windup).

Three Level Controller

Description

The three level controller is based on the fact that it can be adjusted to three output levels

depending on the signal that is processed. If the input signal is above the upper limit max then

the output is set to the value amp. However, if the input signal is below the lower limit min, then

the output is set to the value -amp. If the signal is between the two limits, then the output is set

to 0.

If the upper limit max is below the lower limit min, then both the limits are equalized. If the lower

and the upper limits are equal, then the controller acts as a symmetrical two-point controller

with amp as the output. In this case, the output is set to amp if the input value is the switching

point of the controller.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

TypeDescription

Default

Value

amp int16 Positive target value for the output 0

max int16 Upper limit of the range 0

val int16 Current input value 0

min int16 Lower limit of the range 0

Output Data Description Default

34



Type Value

res int16 Output value / signal 0

Properties dialog

This function block does not have an individual configuration dialog. The inputs and outputs of

function blocks can be configured in the Standard Properties Dialog .

Two Level Controller/Hysteresis Loop

Description

If the input value falls below the lower limit min, the output value is set to -amp. On the other

hand if the input value exceeds the upper limit max, the output value is set to amp.

In case the upper limit max is set below the lower limit min, then both the limits are equalized.

When the upper and lower limits are equal, then the block functions as an ordinary two level

controller. In this case, the output value is set to amp if the measure valued corresponds to the

switching point of the controller. If the upper limit max is above the lower limit min, the block

funtions as a hysteresis.

Input and Ouputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

Value





13



OutputData

typeDescription

Default

Value


Properties dialog



Dead zone controller

Description

The output res is set to 0, if the input val lies between the min and max limits. If the input is

less than the lower limit min, the output value is calculated as the product of amp and the lower

limit min. If the input is greater than the upper limit max, the output is calculated as the product

of amp and the upper limit max. The lower limit min may only be less or equal to the upper

limit max.

Inputs and Output

InputData

TypeDescription

Default

Value





13



OutputData

TypeDescription

Default

Value


Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the dead zone controller

Element Function/Description

val Representation of the current input value

P Controller

Description

The function block is a discrete proportional controller of the form

Kp is designated as proportional action coefficient.

Note that not the desired value but the system deviation err should be at the input of the



function block in a standard loop, i.e. the system deviation err is obtained as the desired value

- actual value.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

Value

kp int16 Proportional action coefficient 0

err int16 System deviation 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

Value

res int16 Output Value / Signal 0

Properties dialog



PI Controller

Description

The function block is a discrete proportional integral controller of the form

Kp is referred to as a proportional action coefficient and K

i as an integral action coefficient.


13




- actual value.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

Value


ki int16 Integral action coefficient 0


InputData

TypeDescription

Default

Value


Properties dialog



PD Controller

Description

The function block is a discrete proportional differential controller of the form

Kp is referred to as a proportional action coefficient and Kd as differential action coefficient.

13





- actual value.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

Value


kd int16 Differential action coefficient 0


OutputData

typeDescription

Default

Value

res int16 Output value / Signal 0

Properties dialog



PID Controller

Description

The function block is a discrete proportional integral differential controller of the form

13



Kp is referred to as a proportional action coefficient, K

i as an integral action coefficient and

Kd as differential action coefficient.



- actual value.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

TypeDescription

Default

Value





OutputData

typeDescription

Default

Value


Properties dialog



PID Controller with anti-windup

Description

13



The function block is a discrete proportional integral differential controller of the form with anti-

windup

Kp is referred to as a proportional action coefficient, Ki as an integral action coefficient and

Kd as differential action coefficient.



- actual value.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

Value





max int16 Upper limit 0

min int16 Lower limit 0

InputData

typeDescription

Default

Value

res int16 Output value / Signal 0

Properties dialog


function blocks can be configured in the Standard Properties Dialog .13



Signal Processing

Category

Basic Functionality

Filter

Flip-Flops

Basic Functionality

Symb

olVisualization Function block Description

Cubic Rational

Function

Generates a signal described by a

cubic rational function.

Linear

Transformation

Führt eine lineare Transformation

eines Signals durch.

Signal Switch Forms a switch

Two Way Signal

Switch

Switches depending on the condition

between two values.

Tolerance Alert

Generates an alarm when a value

exceeds or falls below threshold

values.

Differentiation

Differentiates the discrete values of

the previous and the current

measurement

Rectangular

IntegrationPerforms a (rectangular) integration

Trapeze Integration Performs a (trapezoidal) integration

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39

40

41

42

43

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Hold Element Delays a value of a program step

SummationSums up numbers and stores the

result

Cubic Rational Function

Description

The function block calculates the output signal based on the following polynomial:

Input and Output

InputData

typeDescription

Default

Value

in int16 Input value / signal 0

a0 int16 Coefficient 0

... ... ... ...

b3 int16 Coefficient 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

Value

out float Output value / Signal 0

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45



Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the cubic rational function


Degree A (Grad

A)Degree of the numerator polynomial set

Degree B (Grad

B)Degree of the denominator polynomial set

a0 - a3, b0 - b3 Enter coefficients

Linear Transformation

Description



This function block performs a linear transformation. This allows, for example for signals to be

converted to other physical quantities. For example, a voltage signal (0V - 10V) can be

converted to temperature (-40°C - +60°C).

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

Value

in int16 Input value/signal 0

target_min int16 Minimum value of the target range of values 0

target_max int16 Maximum value of the target range of values 0

actual_min int16 Minimum value of the actual range of values 0

actual_max int16 Maximum value of the actual range of values 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

Value

out float Output value/signal 0

Properties dialog



Signal Switch

Description

This function block allows a signal to pass through if the condition cond is true.

13



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

Value


cond bool Condition for transmission 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

Value

out int16Output value/signal: same as the input value/signal in, if

the condition cond is true, otherwise 0.0

Properties dialog



Two Way Signal Switch

Description

This function block switches between two input values/signals depending on the condition cond.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

Value

13



in_true int16 Input value/signal 0

in_false int16 Input value/signal

cond bool Defines selection of the input values/signals 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

Value

out int16

Output value/signal: If the condition cond is true then

the output value corresponds to the input value/signal

in_true otherwise to the input value/signal in_false.

0

Properties dialog



Tolerance Alert

Description

This function block acts like an alarm. If the input value falls below the minimum value min or

exceeds the maximum value max, then the output out is set to 1, otherwise it is set to 0.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

Value


min int16 Minimum value 0

max int16 Maximum value 0

13



OutputData

typeDescription

Default

Value

out boolOutput value/signal: equals 1 if the input value in is

outside the interval [min,max], otherwise 0.false

Properties dialog



Differentiation

Description

This function block differentiates the discrete values of the previous and the current

measurement. The signal rise is calculated by including the cycle time.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

out float Output value/signal 0

Properties dialog

13





Rectangular Integration

Description

This function block integrates the values at the input. The integration is done over rectangles

using a simple Euler method.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

out int16 Output value/signal 0

Properties dialog



Trapeze Integration

13

13



Description

This function block integrates the values at the input. The integration is done over trapezes

using a simple Euler method.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog



Hold Element

Description

This function block provides a hold element. A hold element stores a value at the input and

outputs it when a new value is available at the input. The hold element delays the pass through

of the adjacent input value by a program step.

Inputs and Outputs

13



InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the hold element


in Current value at input

Previous value The previous value stored in the function block

Summation

Description



This function block is used to calculate a sum. The sum of all the values at the input in since

the last reset has been performed is placed at the output.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

in int16 Input value 0

reset bool Reset the function block false

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

out int16 Sum 0

Properties dialog



Filter

Symb


Upper Limiter for

SignalsLimits a signal to a maximum

Lower Limiter for

SignalsLimits a signal to a minimum

Edge Detector Detects rising or falling signal edges

13

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48

48



AverageRepresents the average of upto 10

values

Smoothen Performs a smoothing

Upper Limiter for Signals

Description

The function block limits the signal to a maximum max.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


max int16 Maximum value of the output 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

out int16 Output signal/value 0

Properties dialog



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13



Lower Limiter for Signals

Description

The function block limits the signal to a minimum min.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


min int16 Minimum value at the output 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog



Edge Detector

Description

13



If the input signal in rises above or falls below the tolerance value tolerance then a pulse is

generated at the respective output. The function block can also be used to detect edges in

Boolean signals, in that case the tolerance is ignored.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


tolerance int16 Threshold to differentiate between the two signal levels 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

rising bool Pulse on a rising edge false

falling bool Pule on a falling edge false

Properties dialog



Average

Description

This function block performs an average of up to 10 input values/signals.

13



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

num uint8 The number of used input values/signals 1

val 1 int16 Input value 1 0

... ... ... ...

val 10 int16 Input value 10 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res float Average 0

Properties dialog



Smoothen

Description

This function block smoothes the incoming signal by averaging it through three program

cycles.

Inputs and Outputs

13



InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog



Flip-Flops

Symbo

lVisualization Function block Description

RS Flip-Flop Unclocked Reset/Set Flip-Flop

Leading Edge Driven

JK Flip-Flop

Jump/Kill Flip-Flop clocked on the

rising edge

Leading Edge Driven

D Flip-Flop

Data Flip-Flop clocked on the rising

edge

Leading Edge Driven

T Flip-Flop

Toggle Flip-Flop clocked on the rising

edge

Leading Edge Driven

RS Flip-Flop

Reset/Set Flip-Flop clocked on the

rising edge

RS Flip-Flop

13

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Description

This function block represents an un-clocked RS flip-flop. The output signals behave according

to the following table:

Der Funktionsblock bildet eine ungetaktete RS-Kippstufe ab. Die Ausgangssignale verhalten

sich entsprechend folgender Tabelle:

reset set out nout

true false false true

false true true false

true* true* true true

false false - Constant - **

* Invalid input (Refer Race-Condition).

** The previous state of the outputs is maintained, if set = reset = false holds.

Note: The internal state resetOnStart determines if the flip-flop is reset to the initial state if the

corresponding SDF program is restarted.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

set bool Set false

reset bool Reset false

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

out bool Non-inverted output false

nout bool Inverted output false



Properties dialog



Leading Edge Driven JK Flip-Flop

Description

This function block represents a leading edge triggered JK flip-flop. Only a rising a edge at the

input clock changes the state of the flip-flop. The output signals behave according to the

following table:

jump kill out nout

true false true false

false true false true

true true - State changes -

false false - Constant - *

* The previous state is maintained, if jump = kill = false holds.



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

jump bool Jump false

clock bool Clock input false

13



kill bool Kill false

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value



Properties dialog



Leading Edge Driven D Flip-Flop

Description

This function block represents a leading edge driven D flip-flop. If the input enable is set to true

and a rising edge is detected at the clock input, then the state of the input data is stored and

displayed at the output out. The output nout is inverted. The output signal is maintained as long

as the clock input detects a rising a edge again while the enable input is set to true.



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

data bool Data false

13




enable bool Activation if the clock input true

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value



Properties dialog



Leading Edge Driven T Flip-Flop

Description

This function block represents a leading edge driven T flip-flop. With each rising edge on the

input clock the output changes its logical state. It is always equal to one of the both outputs

true while the other is false.



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value



13



type value



Properties dialog



Leading Edge Driven RS Flip-Flop

Description

This function block represents a leading edge driven RS flip-flop. In contrast to the un-clocked

RS flip-flop, this function block has an additional input clock. Only when a rising edge occurs

at the input clock, the state of the flip flop changes according to the following table:

reset set out nout

true false false true

false true true false

true* true* true true

false false - Constant - **

* Invalid input (Refer Race-Condition).

** The previous state of the outputs is maintained, if set = reset = false holds.



13



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

set bool Set false


reset bool Reset false

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value



Properties dialog



Signal Generation

Symb


Ramp Signal Generates a ramp signal

Step Function Generates a step function

Saw Tooth Signal Generates a saw tooth signal

Pulse Width

Modulated SignalGenerates a pulse width

modulated signal (PWM)

13

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60

61



Ramp Signal

Description

This function block generates a (digital) ram signal, which can be reset. The output signal has

value 0 at time 0. The time lapse of the ramp signal is described by the following variables:

The period length period determines how many program steps are included in a period. The

time behaviour depends on the assigned time slice of the program.

The parameter inc determines whether the signal is incremented per program step. With the

help of the input reset, the signal can also be reset outside the specified clock.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

reset bool Reset the signal false

period int16 Period length of the signal in program steps 0

inc int16 Increment of the signal per program step 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

signal int16 Output value/signal 0

Properties dialog


function blocks can be configured in the Standard Properties Dialog .13



Step Function

Description

This function block generates a step like signal and can be used as a counter:

At time 0, the signal is 0

With every program step step the output signal is increased to inc

If one sets the input reset to true then the signal is reset.

Note: The time behaviour of the output signal depends on the time slice of the sub program.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

reset bool Resets the signal if true 0

step uint16 Number of program steps between two incremental /

decremental steps

1

inc int16 Increment/Decrement 1

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

signal int16 Output signal 0

Properties dialog



Properties dialog of the step function


step Number of program steps between two incremental /decremental steps

inc Increment/Decrement

Hold in reset

(Set to zero)

The step counter is reset and kept in initial state as long as the button

is activated.

Saw Tooth Signal

Description

This function block generates a (digital) saw tooth signal. The time behaviour of the output

signal is determined by the following input parameters:

At time 0, the signal is 0

period [s] describes the period of the signal in seconds

max describes the maximum value of the signal

In every program step, the signal value is determined by the line through the points (0, 0)

and (period [s], max)



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

period [s] int16 Period of the signal in seconds 0

max int16 Maximum value of the signal 0

AusgangData

typeDescription

Default

value

signal float Output signal 0

Properties dialog



Pulse Width Modulated Signal

Description

The pulse width modulation (PWM) block generates a signal that is alternatively HIGH and

LOW. The longer the signal is HIGH, the higher is the so called duty cycle of the PWM signal.

A duty cycle of 100% means that the signal is only HIGH, while a duty cycle of 0% means that

the signal is continuously LOW.

The input period [µs] defines the period of the PWM signal in microseconds. The input duty

[%] sets the duty cycle of the PWM signal in percentage ( 0 to 100). The generated PWM

signal is output at signal.

13



One can also get a PWM signal based on a (pedestrian) traffic light. If we assume that HIGH

means that the light is green and define the duty cycle as the relationship between the duration

of the red light phase to the green light phase, the higher the duty cycle the longer the light is

green.

In the example of the traffic lights one can see that the duty cycle always refers to a certain

period (the period of the signal). In the traffic light example, a period of 1 minute would be

realistic so that the traffic light according to the duty cycle is green for 40% of the time (24

seconds) and red for 60% (36 seconds). Subsequently, the state change is cyclically

repeated.

The function block Pulse Width Modulated Signal generates a signal with the following

properties:

The generated signal begins with a HIGH level

The HIGH level remains as long as the corresponding portion of time (relative to the period

period [µs]) of the duty cycle duty [%] is expired and after that the LOW level begins.

As soon as the period period [µs] expires, the signal level changes to HIGH and the state

change is repeated cyclically as described above.

Node: The stepping of the PWM signal is done at every program step. In order to generate a

smooth high-resolution PWM, the cycle time period [µs] muss be larger than the set time

slice of the respective sub-program (A time slice of 10 ms allows a period of 1 second =

1000000µs a granularity of 1% of the duty cycle).

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

period [µs] uint32 Period of the signal in microseconds. 1000000

duty [%] int16 Duty cycle of the PWM signal in percentage 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

signal bool Output signal false



Properties dialog



Constants

Symbo


Constant Value Generates a constant value

Pi (3.14159...) Generates the constant π

Euler's Number

(2.71828...)Generates the constant e

Constant Value

Beschreibung

This function block generates a constant number. The value of the constants can be entered

directly into the input field of the function block. This is also called the Properties dialog .

Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

val int16 Value of the constant 0

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Properties dialog



Pi (3.14159...)

Description

This function generates a Constant Number whose value approximates to π (3.14159...).

Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

val float The value approximates the number π : 3.14159... 0

Properties dialog



Euler's Number (2.71828...)

Description

This function generates a Constant Number whose value approximates to e (2.71828...).

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63



Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

val float The value approximates to the number e (2.71828...). 0

Properties dialog



Interfaces

Symbo


Service Interface Provides a service interface

Service Interface

Description

This function block provides a service interface. Through this interface, one can obtain service

data, which can be used to evaluate the state of the system.

Service Interfaces are disabled by default. It comes in to effect if the option Enable Service

Interface is selected in the Code Generation Settings .

Inputs and Outputs

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InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

default int16 Default value of the service interface 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

value int16 Current/Configured value of the service port 0

Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the Service Interface (service variable)


default Default value of the service interface

Read only Specifies if you can only read the values from the service interface

Math

Symb


Type Cast Cast data to a specified type..97



AssertionAsserts that a variable has a

certain value.

Float splitterSplits a floating point number

into two integer numbers.

Kategorie

Arithmetic Operations

Comparison Operations

Logical Operations

Bitwise Operations

Functions

Trigonometry

Arithmetic Operations

Symbo


Addition Sums up two or more numbers.

Division Divides one number by another.

ModuloCalculates the modulo of two

numbers..

Multiplication Multiplies two numbers.

SubtractionSubtracts two or more numbers from

a number.

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Addition

Description

This function block implements the addition of two or more numbers. The result of this function

block is the sum of the input numbers.

Note: The Data Type of inputs and outputs can be changed in the Properties Dialog .

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

op 1 int16 Summand 1 0

... ... ... ...

op 8 int16 Summand 8 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res int16 Sum of all the numbers 0

Properties dialog

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Properties dialog of the addition


Number of summands Configures the number of summands

op 1 Value of summand 1

... ...

op 8 Value of summand 8

Division

Description

This function block implements the division of two numbers. The first input port specifies the

dividend op 1, the second specifies the divisor op 2. The result is the division op 1 / op 2.


Inputs and Outputs

14 68



InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

op 1 int16 Dividend 0

op 2 int16 Divisor 1

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res int16 Quotient 0

Properties dialog



Modulo

Description

This function block returns the remainder of the division of two numbers. The value of the

output always ranges from 0 (inclusive) to the value of the divisor (op 2) (exclusive).

Note: The numbers entered must not necessarily be integers. In case of decimal numbers, the

result is also a decimal number. The Data Type of inputs and outputs can be changed in

the Properties Dialog .

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

op 1 int16 Dividend 0

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op 2 int16 Divisor 1

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res int16 Remainder 0

Properties dialog



Application Example(s)

An application example is the detection of whether a number is even or odd. This test can be

done by computing the modulo 2 of that number. The result is zero if the number is even and

one if odd. By subsequent comparison with zero, for example, the question "Is the number

even?", can be answered as a Boolean value.

Multiplication

Description

This function block implements the multiplication of two or more numbers. The result is the

product of the input numbers.


Inputs and Outputs

Input Data Description Default

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type value

op 1 int16 Factor 1 0

op 2 int16 Factor 2 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res int16 Product of factors 0

Properties dialog



Subtraction

Description

This function block implements the subtraction of up to 8 numbers from one number. The result

is the difference of the these numbers


Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

op 1 int16 Subtrahend 0

op 2 nt16 Minuend 1 0

... ... ... ...

op 9 int16 Minuend 8 0

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OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res int16 Result of the subraction 0

Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the subtraction


Number of minuends Configures the number of minuends of subraction

op 2 Value of minuend 1

... ...

op 9 Value of minuend 8

Comparison Operations

Symbo


Equality Tests if two numbers are equal.74



GreaterTests if one numbers is greater than

the other.

Greater or EqualTests if one numbers is greater or

equal than the other.

InequalityTests if one numbers is inequal to the

other.

LessTests if one numbers is less than the

other.

Less or Equal Tests if one numbers is less than or

equal to the other.

Equality

Description

This function block compares two numbers. If the numbers are equal, then true will be

returned.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

val 1 int16 Value 1 0


OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res bool Result of the comparison false

Properties dialog

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Greater

Description

This function block compares two numbers. It returns true if val 1 is greater than val 2.

Input and Output

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value



AusgangData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog



Greater or Equal

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Description

This function block compares two numbers. It returns true if val 1 is greater than or equal to

val 2.

Input and Output

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value



OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog



Inequality

Description

This function block compares two numbers. It returns true if the numbers are unequal.

Input and Output

13



InputData

typeDescription

Default

value



OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog



Less

Description

This function block compares two numbers. It returns true if val 1 is less than val 2.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value



OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


13



Properties dialog



Less or Equal

Description

This function block compares two numbers. It returns true if val 1 is less than or equal to val 2.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value



OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog



Logical Operators

Symbo


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Logical AND

(Conjuction)Calculates the conjunction.

Logical OR

(Disjunction)Calculates the disjunction.

Exclusive OR Calculates an exclusive or.

Negation Calculates a negation.

Logical AND (Conjunction)

Description

This function block calculates an AND-operation on two Boolean values. The result is true if

both values are true.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

op 1 bool Boolean value 1 false


OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res bool Result of the AND operation false

Properties dialog

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Logical OR (Disjunction)

Description

This function block calculates an OR-operation on two Boolean values. The result is true if at

least one of the values is true.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value



OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res bool Result of the OR operation false

Properties dialog



Exclusive OR

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Description

This function block calculates an exclusive OR-operation on two Boolean values. The result is

true if exactly one value is true.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value



OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res bool Result of the exclusive OR operation false

Properties dialog



Negation

Description

This function block calculates a negation of a Boolean value. The result is true if the input value

is false.

13



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

op bool Boolean value false

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res bool Result of the negation operation false

Properties dialog



Bitwise Operations

Symbo


Bitwise ANDCalculates the bitwise AND of two

numbers.

Bitwise Exclusive OR Calculates the Exclusive OR of two

numbers.

Bitwise NOTCalculates the bitwise NOT of a

number.

Bitwise ORCalculates the bitwise OR of two

numbers.

Bitwise Shift Left Calculates a bitwise shift to the left.

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Bitwise Shift Right Calculates a bitwise shift to the right.

Bitwise Test Tests whether a certain bit is set.

Bitwise AND

Description

This function block calculates the bitwise AND operation on two integer numbers. The

corresponding result of the operation can be found at the output.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

op 1 int16 Value 1 0


OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res int16 Result of the bitwise AND operation 0

Properties dialog



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Bitwise Exclusive OR

Description

This function blocks implements the bitwise Exclusive OR of two integer numbers. The

corresponding result of the operation can be found at the output. In comparison with the

normal OR operation, the result bit is set to 1 if only exactly one of the inputs has value 1.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value



OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res int16 Result of the bitwise Exclusive OR operation 0

Properties dialog



Bitwise NOT

Description

13



This function block calculates the bitwise NOT. This means, the each bit is being inverted.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

op int16 Input value 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res int16 Negation of the input value 0

Properties dialog



Bitwise OR

Description

This function block calculates a bitwise OR operation. The comparison takes place bit by bit.

The result bit will be assigned value 1 if at least one of the two input bits has the value 1.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

op 1 int16 Wert 1 0

13



op 2 int16 Wert 2 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res int16 Result of the bitwise OR operation 0

Properties dialog



Bitwise Shift Left

Description

This function block implements a bitwise left shift. On the right side, the empty bits are padded

with zeros. The input shift indicates how many places to be shifted.

Note: Every left shift of the input value by one bit, corresponds to multiplication of a unsigned

integer number with 2.

Caution: The sign of a signed number is lost in this operation, which changes the

interpretation of the numeric value. Bitwise Shift Left should therefore be used cautiously as

replacement for multiplication.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

val int16 Input value 0

13



shift int16 Number of bit positions by which the input value is to

be shifted

0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res int16 Value after the shift operation 0

Properties dialog



Bitwise Shift Right

Description

This function block implements a bitwise right shift. On the left side, the empty bits are padded

with zeros. The input shift indicates how many places to be shifted.

Note: Every right shift of the input value by one bit, corresponds to division of a unsigned

integer number with 2.

Caution: The sign of a signed number is lost in this operation, which changes the

interpretation of the numeric value. Bitwise Shift Right should therefore be used cautiously

as replacement for division.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


shift int16 Number of bit positions by which the input value is to 0

13



be shifted

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res int16 Value after the shift operation 0

Properties dialog



Bitwise Test

Description

This function block checks the bit bit of a binary number val. The function block returns 1 if the

bit is set, otherwise returns 0.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

val int16 Value 0

bit int16 Number of the bit to be tested. The count of the bits

start at 0.

0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res int16 Result of the bit test 0

13



Properties dialog



Functions

Symbo


Absolute Value Calculates the absolute value.

Minimum Calculates the minimum.

Maximum Calculates the maximum.

Absolute Value

Description

This function block calculates the absolute value of a number.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

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res int16 Absolute value of the input 0

Properties dialog



Minimum

Description

This function block calculates the minimum of two numbers. The smaller number is placed at

the output.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value



OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res int16 The smaller value of the two input values 0

Properties dialog



13

13



Maximum

Description

This function block calculates the maximum of two numbers. The bigger number is placed at

the output.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value



OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res int16 The bigger value of the two input values 0

Properties dialog



Trigonometry

Symb


Sine Calculates the sine.

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Cosine Calculates the cosine.

Tangent Calculates the tangent.

Arc Sine Calculates the arc sine.

Arc Cosine Calculates the arc cosine.

Arc Tangent Calculates the arc tangent.

Arc Tangent 2Calculates the arc tangent using a

(X,Y)-coordinate.

Sine

Description

This function block calculates the sine of the angle angle [rad].

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

angle [rad] float Angle in radians 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res float Sine of the angle 0

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Properties dialog



Cosine

Description

This function block calculates the cosine of the angle angle [rad].

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res float Cosine of the angle 0

Properties dialog



Tangent

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Description

This function block calculates the tangent of the angle angle [rad].

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

res float Tangent of the angle 0

Properties dialog



Arc Sine

Description

This function calculates the inverse of sine i.e. the angle (in radians) at a given sine value.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

13



sin float Sine value 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog



Arc Cosine

Description

This function calculates the inverse of cosine i.e. the angle (in radians) at a given cosine value.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

cos float Cosine value 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog


13




Arc Tangent

Description

This function calculates the inverse of tangent i.e. the angle (in radians) at a given tangent

value.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

tan float Tangent value 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog



Arc Tangent 2

Description

This function block calculates an angle (in radians) using a (X,Y) coordinate which can be

regarded as a point within a Cartesian coordinate system. The calculated angle is equal to the

angle between the positive axis (x-axis) and the diagonal from the origin to the point (X,Y).

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Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

y float Y-coordinate of the point 0

x float X-coordinate of the point 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

angle [rad] float Angle 0

Properties dialog



Type Cast

Description

With this function block, data of a certain Data type can be converted to another data type.

This is useful, for example, if the output of a function block must be converted to another data

type for further processing. For type casts, the following rules are valid:

Source Type Source value (src) Target Type Result (dst)

Number 0 Boolean Value false

Number not equal to 0 Boolean Value true

Boolean value false Number 0

Boolean value true Number 1

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Number x Number x if represented,

otherwise undefined

In the table above, Number represents a Data type from the set {uint8, uint16, uint32,

uint64, int8, int16, int32, int64}. Boolean represents data type bool.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

src int16 Value of the input (as source data type) 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

dst int16 Value of the output (as target data type) 0

Properties dialog



Assertion

Description

With this function block, you can assert values at certain points in your program.

Inputs and Outputs

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13



InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

target int16 Expected value 0

actual int16 Current value 0

Properties dialog



Float splitter

Description

With this function block you can split a floating point number into two integer numbers, one

representing the integer part, the other one the decimal part. You can use this function block,

e.g., to output float numbers on the OLED display of EasyKit Mini which doesn't support this

directly. The number of decimals can be set individually.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

value float Floating point number 0

number of

decimals

uint8 Number of decimale 2

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

integer part int32 Integer part 0

decimal part uint32 Decimal part 0

13



Properties dialog



Misc

Symbo


Multiplexer Selection of one input.

Demultiplexer Distribution among multiple outputs.

Multiplexer

Description

With this function block, an output (out) can be selected from a number of input values/signals

(in 1 to in 4) based on the select signal.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

select uint8 Control signal for selecting the input value(s)/signal(s) 0

in 1 int16 Input value/signal 1 0

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... ... ... ...

in 4 int16 Input value/signal 4 0

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog



Demultiplexer

Description

With this function block, an input signal in can be distributed to several outputs (out 1 to out 4)

based on the select signal select. At any given time, the input signal is passed through exactly

one output. All the other outputs have default values.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

select uint8 Control signal for selecting the output 0


default int16 Default value for all non-selected outputs 0

13



OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

out 1 int16 Output value/signal 1 0

... ... ... ...

out 4 int16 Output value/signal 4 0

Properties dialog



Visualization

Symbo


Value Display Shows a value including its physical unit.

Interval Display Shows a bar chart for a value.

Oscilloscope Visualizes up to 16 input signals.

Value Display

Description

This function block allows to visualize a certain value together with its appropriate physical

value. This is useful for highlighting certain calculation results in a data flow program. The

function block does not have any functional impact on the program.

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106



The value to display has to be provided on input value. This input is typically connected with

the output of another function block using an edge. The physical unit to show in the function

block is set by the input unit and can be freely defined. The unit can be set up using the

function block's Property Dialog .

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

val int16 Current displayed value 0

Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the value display


val Current displayed value

Unit Physical unit of the displayed value (for example mm)

103



Application example(s)

A usage scenario of this function block is the visualization of the speed of an electric motor.

For this purpose, the current revolutions per minute (rpm) of the motor is calculated by suitable

function blocks and the output of the respective function block is then connected to an instance

of this function block. Furthermore, the unit of the value is set to "rpm" (rounds per minute)

using the function block's Property Dialog . While the program is running, the function block

will then clearly announce the respective current motor speed.

Interval Display

Description

This function block can be used to display a value within a certain interval in form of a block

diagram. This is useful if the range of values if known and the values should also be displayed

visually in addition to a textual representation. The function block does not have any functional

impact on the program. The bar diagram is displayed in the function block's property dialog

.

The input val receives the value to be visualized. This input is usually connected to an output of

another function block. The inputs min (minimum) and max (maximum) define the lower and

upper limit of the interval that should be used for visualization. Set them so that the actual value

is always in between the minimum and the maximum. Use the property dialog of the function

block for this purpose.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

val int16 Currently displayed value 0

min int16 Smallest representable number (lower interval limit) 0

max int16 Largest representable number (upper interval limit) 100

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Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the interval display

The property dialog also allows you to let the interval automatically be detected while the

program is running. For this purpose, activate the button "Auto range" and cause the value on

the input val to change, for example by influencing a sensor that is attached to the input.

Disable "Auto range" afterwards by clicking on the button again.

To improve the accuracy of the displayed values, the fundamental data type of integers (int16)

is converted to decimal numbers (for example double). Please refer to the Advanced tab of the

Property dialog.


Representation of the currently displayed value by means of a

progress bar

val Currently displayed value

min Smallest representable number (lower interval limit)

max Largest representable number (upper interval limit)

Auto range Determines the range of values based on the minimum and maximum

continuous readings.



Application example(s)

An interval display shall be used for visualization of the current value received from an analog

input function block. For this purpose, the output of the respective function block is to be

connected to the input val of an instance of the function block interval display. For the

visualization to be meaningful, it is suitable to adapt the range of values of the interval to match

the voltage range of the analog input.

For example, assuming the analog input has a maximum voltage of 5.0 Volts (double, see also

Properties Dialog ), the values min = 0.0 and max = 5.0 are meaningful.

Oscilloscope

Description

With this function block up to 16 different input signals can be visualized. The function block

strongly mirrors a real oscilloscope and expects input signals to the connectors ch1 bis ch16.

The visualization of the signals can be done in the properties dialog of the function block.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

ch1 int16 Input signal 1 0

... ... ... ...

ch16 int16 Input signal 16 0

Properties dialog

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Properties dialog of the oscilloscope

The input signals can be visualized in the Properties dialog. The visualization strongly mirrors

to that on a real oscilloscope. For each channel a wide range of parameters can be configured

separately.


Display region In the display region the acquired signals can be viewed. Each

input signal is assigned a different color. All parameters can be

adjusted using the context menu of the display region, and applied

to a channel (i.e. an input signal).

Disable

Disables the corresponding channel. The input signal at the disable

port is not sampled.

Enable channel x

Activates the corresponding channel if it was previously disabled.

Time

Configures the time base of the channel in milliseconds.



Amplification

Configures the gain of the channel per scale division.

Trigger

Sets the trigger condition for each channel. The channel can be

triggered on its rising or falling edge or another channel can be set

as the trigger source.

Set color

Configures the display color for the display of each channel.

Furthermore, the baseline of each channel can be displaced

vertically using the left marker of the two red triangular markers.

This can also be done by left clicking on the marker and dragging it

while holding the mouse button to a desired height. The right of the

two markers defines the trigger threshold of the channel. The

adjustment will take place for the currently selected channel. This

can be set by clicking the respective color symbol.

Number of

channelsNumber of channels being currently read

EasyKit Starter

The EasyKit Starter is an experimental platform based on micro-controllers. In addition to 3

buttons and LEDs, it has two slots for stacking Match-X components that allow the input and

output pins of the micro-controller to be configured with pre screening.

Category Description

LEDsThis category offers the possibility to turn on and off the

LEDs on the EasyKit Starter.

SwitchesThis category offers the possibility to read-out the

switches of the EasyKit Starter.

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Stack 1This category contains function blocks for control of the

1st stack of the EasyKit Starter.

Stack 2 This category contains function blocks for control of the

2nd stack of the EasyKit Starter.

LEDs

Symbo


Red LEDRed LED (LED 1) of the EasyKit

Starter.

Yellow LEDYellow LED (LED 2) of the EasyKit

Starter.

Green LEDGreen LED (LED 3) of the EasyKit

Starter.

Red LED

Description

This function block offers the possibility to turn the red LED (LED 1) on the EasyKit Starter on

and off.

Inputs and Outputs


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type value

status bool Status of the LED false

Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the red LED


On/Off The deactivated button indicates the status of the LED.

Yellow LED

Description

This function block offers the possibility to turn the yellow LED (LED 2) on the EasyKit Starter

on and off.

Inputs and Outputs



InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the yellow LED



Green LED

Description

This function block offers the possibility to turn the green LED (LED 3) on the EasyKit Starter

on and off.

Inputs and Outputs



InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the green LED



Switches

Symbo


Switch 1 Switch 1 on the EasyKit Starter.


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Switch 1

Description

This function block offers the possibility to read-out the state of switch 1 on the EasyKit Starter

Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

status bool Status of the switch false

Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the switch 1

115




Simulated/measured input: On/Off

The state of the switch can be simulated over the

button

Switch 2

Description


Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

status bool State of the switch false

Properties dialog







button

Switch 3

Description


Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

status bool State of the switch false

Properties dialog







button

Stack 1

This category contains function blocks for control of the first stack (Stack 1) on the EasyKit

Starter board.

Category

Analog I/O (Channel 1)


Analog I/O 10V (Channel 1)


Digital I/O (Channel 1)


Digital I/O 24V (Channel 1)


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Inductive Load Driver (Channel 1)


Temperature Sensor


Symbo


Analog Input on AIn1 Reads analog input 1 of stack 1

Analog Output on

AOut1Controls analog output 1 of stack 1

Note: This module cannot be used together with the Analog I/O 10V (Channel 1) module on stack 1.

Analog Input on AIn1

Description

This function block reads the value of analog input 1 (AIn1) of stack 1 and returns it on its

output port. The value is returned in raw form as well as a voltage value.

Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

dat floatValue of the voltage in V which bears on the relevant

pin.0

raw int16 16-bit numerical value of the analog-digital conversion 0

err bool Error output: always false during program execution true

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Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the analog input 1 (AIn1) (analoginput)


Simulated/measured input

The simulated voltage at the analog input can be adjusted

during simulation using the slider.

Analog Output on AOut1

Description

This function block generates a PWM signal with a duty cycle duty_cycle [%] at the analog

output 1 (AOut1) of Stack 1.

Note: The period of the PWM signal can be defined in micro-seconds in the Input period [µs]

section of the Properties dialog of the function block

Inputs and Outputs




type value

duty_cycle

[%]float Duty cyle of the PWM 50

Properties dialog




Symbo



Analog Output on




Description



Inputs and Outputs


13

119

120

123



type value


pin0



Properties dialog







Description







Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

duty_cycle


Properties dialog




Symbo



(10V)Reads analog input 1 of stack 1

Analog Output on

AOut1 (10V)Controls analog output 1 of stack 1

Note: This module will work only if an external power supply (12V to 24V) is connected to the EasyKit

Starter. It cannot be used together with the Analog I/O (Channel 1) on Stack 1.

Analog Input on AIn1 (10V)

Description


output port. The value is returned in raw form as well as a voltage value. The voltage can be

between 0V and 10V.

13

121

122

117



Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


pin.0



Properties dialog






Analog Output on AOut1 (10V)

Description




output 1 (AOut1) of Stack 1. The output voltage is between 0V and 10V.



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

duty_cycle


Properties dialog




Symbo




Analog Output on




13

119

120

119




Description



between 0V and 10V.

Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


pin0



Properties dialog









Description





Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

duty_cycle


Properties dialog




Symbo


Digital Input on DIn1 Reads digital input 1 of stack 1

13

126



Digital Output on

DOut1Controls digital output 1 of stack 1

Digital Edge

Detection on DIn1

Measures the time between two edges

on digital input 1 of stack 1

Note: This module cannot be used together with the Digital I/O 24V (Channel 1) module on stack 1.

Digital Input on DIn1

Description

This function block reads the value of digital input 1 (DIn1) of stack 1 and returns it on its

output port.

Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

status bool State of the respective input pin false

Properties dialog

127

128

133



Properties dialog of the digital input 1 (DIn1) (digitalinput)



The simulated input value or voltage level (high/low = On/

Off = true/false) at the digital input can be adjusted

during simulation using the checkbox.

Digital Output on DOut1

Description

This function block sets the value of digital output 1 (DOut1) of stack 1 to the given value.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

status bool Output value of the output pin (true/false = high/low). false (=low)



Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the digital output 1 (DOut1) (digitaloutput)


Simulated/measured output

The deactivated check box show the current state of the

output pin (high/low = On/Off = true/false).

Digital Edge Detection on DIn1

Description

This function block measures the time between two successive rising edges on digital input 1

(DIn1) of stack 1 and returns it on its output port. The unit of the return value is microseconds

(µs).

Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value



period [µs] floatTime between two rising edges of the input signal

(corresponding to the period for PWM signals)0

Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the digital edge detection on DIn1(digital edge detection)



The simulated input value (corresponding to the time

interval between two rising edges) can be adjusted during

simulation using the slider.


Symbo



Digital Output on


Digital Edge

Detection on DIn2



130

131

132





Description


output port.

Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog



136






during simulation using the checkbox


Description


Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog









Description



(µs).

Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value



Properties dialog










Symbo



(24V)Reads digital input 1 of stack 1

Digital Output on

DOut1 (24V)Controls digital output 1 of stack 1

Digital Edge

Detection on DIn1

(24V)




Starter. It cannot be used together with the Digital I/O (Channel 1) on Stack 1.

Digital Input on DIn1 (24V)

Description


output port. The input voltage can be up to 24V.

Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

133

134

135

125




Properties dialog







Digital Output on DOut1 (24V)

Description

This function block sets the value of digital output 1 (DOut1) of stack 1 to the given value. The

output voltage is the one provided by the external power supply (12V to 24V).

Inputs and Outputs



InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the digital output 1 (DOut1)(digital output)





Digital Edge Detection on DIn1 (24V)

Description



(µs). The input voltage can be up to 24V.



Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value



Properties dialog








Symbo




133



Digital Output on


Digital Edge

Detection on DIn2

(24V)






Description



Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog

134

135

129










Description



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog









Description




Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value





Properties dialog








Symbo


Digital Output on



Description


127



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog







Symbo


Digital Output on


131




Description


Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog








Temperature Sensor

Symbo


Temperature Sensor Temperature sensor on Stack 1.

Temperature Sensor

Description

This function block outputs the reading of the temperature sensor.

Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

val [°C] floatValue of the voltage in V which bears on the relevant

pin0

raw uint32 Usigned 32 Bit numerical value of the analog-digital

conversion

0

Properties dialog

143



Properties dialog of the temperature sensor



The simulated temperature value can be adjusted during


Stack 2

This category contains function blocks for control of the second stack (Stack 2) on the EasyKit

Starter board..

Category











Temperature Sensor

145

147

149

151

153

157

160

164

167

168

169




Symbo



Analog Output on




Description



Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


pin.0



Properties dialog

145

146

149









Description





Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

duty_cycle




Properties dialog




Symbo



Analog Output on




Description



Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


pin0



13

147

148

151



Properties dialog







Description





Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value



duty_cycle


Properties dialog




Symbo




Analog Output on





Description



between 0V and 10V.

Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

dat float Value of the voltage in V which bears on the relevant 0

13

149

150

145



pin.



Properties dialog







Description







Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

duty_cycle


Properties dialog




Symbo




Analog Output on





Description



between 0V and 10V.

13

151

152

145



Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


pin0



Properties dialog







Description







Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

duty_cycle


Properties dialog




Symbo



Digital Output on


Digital Edge

Detection on DIn1




13

154

155

156

160




Description


output port.

Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog










Description


Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog









Description



(µs).

Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value



Properties dialog










Symbo



Digital Output on


Digital Edge

Detection on DIn2





Description


output port.

Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog

157

158

159

164










Description


Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog









Description



(µs).

Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value



Properties dialog










Symbo




Digital Output on


Digital Edge

Detection on DIn1

(24V)





161

162

163

153




Description



Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog










Description



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog









Description




Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value



Properties dialog










Symbo




Digital Output on


Digital Edge

Detection on DIn2

(24V)






Description



Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog

164

165

166

157










Description



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog









Description




Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value





Properties dialog








Symbo


Digital Output on

DOut1Controls digital output 1 of stack 2.


Description


Inputs and Outputs

155



InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog







Symbo


Digital Output on



158



Description


Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog






Temperature Sensor

Symbo




Temperature sensor Temperature sensor on Stack 2.

Temperature Sensor

Description


Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

val [°C] floatValue of the voltage in V which bears on the relevant

pin0

raw uint32 Usigned 32 Bit numerical value of the analog-digital

conversion

0

Properties dialog


170







EasyKit Mini

The EasyKit Mini is an experimental platform based on micro-controllers. In addition to 5

buttons arranged as a joystick and 2 LEDs, it has a temperature sensor, an acceleration

sensor and a 64x48 pixel OLED display..


LEDsThis category offers the possibility to turn on and off the

LEDs on the EasyKit Mini.

JoystickThis category offers the possibility to read-out the

switches of the EasyKit Mini.

SensorsThis category contains function blocks to read-out the

sensors of the EasyKit Mini.

OLED display This category contains function blocks to control the

OLED display of the EasyKit Mini.

Communication This category contains function blocks for communication

of the EasyKit Mini with other devices or programs.

EasyPort Mini This category contains function blocks to control the

optional additional module EasyPort Mini.

LEDs

Symbo


Green LEDGreen LED (LED 1) of the EasyKit

Mini.

171

174

179

184

192

196

172



Red LED Red LED (LED 2) of the EasyKit Mini.

Green LED

Description

This function block offers the possibility to turn the green LED (LED 1) on the EasyKit Mini on

and off.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

status bool Status of the LED. false

Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the green LED

173





Red LED

Description

This function block offers the possibility to turn the red LED (LED 2) on the EasyKit Mini on

and off.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

status bool Status of the LED. false

Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the red LED





Joystick

Symbo


Left Switch "left" on the EasyKit Mini.

Right Switch "right" on the EasyKit Mini.

Up Switch "up" on the EasyKit Mini.

Down Switch "down" on the EasyKit Mini.

SelectSwitch "Select" (press the joystick) on

the EasyKit Mini.

Left

Description

This function block offers the possibility to read-out the state of switch left on the EasyKit Mini.

Inputs and Outputs

174

175

176

177

178



OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

status bool State of the switch. false

Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the switch left




button

Right

Description

This function block offers the possibility to read-out the state of switch right on the EasyKit

Mini.



Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the switch right




button

Up

Description

This function block offers the possibility to read-out the state of switch up on the EasyKit Mini.



Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the switch up




button

Down

Description

This function block offers the possibility to read-out the state of switch down on the EasyKit

Mini.



Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the switch down




button

Select

Description

This function block offers the possibility to read-out the state of switch select on the EasyKit



Mini. It is triggered by pressing the joystick.

Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the switch select




button

Sensors

This category contains function blocks to read-out the sensors on the EasyKit Mini board.

Category

Temperature sensor 180



Accelerometer

Temperature sensor

Symb


Temperature sensor Temperature sensor of EasyKit

Mini.

Temperature sensor

Description


Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

Temperature

[°C]float Temperature in °C. 0

Value [V] float Value of the voltage in V which bears on the relevant

pin.

0

Raw value int16 16 Bit numerical value of the analog-digital

conversion.

0

err bool Error output: always false during program

execution.

true

Properties dialog

181

180








Accelerometer

Symb


X axis Acceleration in X direction.

Y axis Acceleration in X direction.

Z axis Acceleration in X direction.

X axis

Description

This function block outputs the reading of the accelerometer in X direction.

Inputs and Outputs

181

182

183



OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

Acceleration

[G]float Acceleration in multiples of G. 0


conversion (effectively 10 Bit).

0

Properties dialog

Properties dialog if the accelerometer



The simulated acceleration value can be adjusted during


Y axis

Description

This function block outputs the reading of the accelerometer in Y direction.



Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

Acceleration




0

Properties dialog






Z axis

Description

This function block outputs the reading of the accelerometer in Z direction.



Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

Acceleration




0

Properties dialog






OLED display

Symb




OLED display Control the OLED display.

Pixel drawer Draw single pixels.

Line drawer Draw lines.

Rectangle drawer Draw rectangles.

Circle drawer Draw circles.

Circle segment

drawerDraw circle segments.

Text writer Output text and integer values.

OLED display

Description

This function block represents the OLED display of the EasyKit Mini.

Note: If you want anything displayed on the OLED display, this function block must be present

in the current subprogram!

185

186

187

188

189

190

191



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

enabled bool Enable or disable the display. true

inverse bool Display content is shown in inverse color. false

contrast uint8 Contrast. 255

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

width uint8 Width (in pixels). 64

height uint8 Height (in pixels). 48

Properties dialog



Pixel drawer

Description

With this function block single pixel can be drawn on the OLED display of EasyKit Mini.

Note: If you want anything displayed on the OLED display, the OLED display function block

must be present in the current subprogram!

Inputs and Outputs

13

185



InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

enable bool Enable or disable the pixel drawer. true

x uint8 X coordinate. 0

y uint8 Y coordinate. 0

inverse bool The pixel is drawn in inverse color. false

Properties dialog



Line drawer

Description

With this function block lines can be drawn on the OLED display of EasyKit Mini. The starting

point and the end point may be outside the display area.



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

enable bool Enable or disable the line drawer. true

x1 int8 X coordinate of the starting point. 0

13

185



y1 int8 Y coordinate of the starting point. 0

x2 int8 X coordinate of the end point. 0

y2 int8 Y coordinate of the end point. 0

inverse bool The line is drawn in inverse color. false

Properties dialog



Rectangle drawer

Description

With this function block rectangles can be drawn on the OLED display of EasyKit Mini.



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

enable bool Enable or disable the rectangle drawer. true

left int8 X coordinate of the upper left corner. 0

top int8 Y coordinate of the upper left corner. 0

width uint8 Width of the rectangle (in pixels). 0

height uint8 Height of the rectangle (in pixels). 0

13

185



fill bool Fill the rectangle. false

inverse bool The rectangle is drawn in inverse color. false

Properties dialog



Circle drawer

Description

With this function block circles can be drawn on the OLED display of EasyKit Mini.



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

enable bool Enable or disable the circle drawer. true

x int8 X coordinate of the center of the circle. 0

y int8 Y coordinate of the center of the circle. 0

radius uint8 Radius of the circle. 0

fill bool Fill the circle. false

inverse bool The circle is drawn in inverse color. false

13

185



Properties dialog



Circle segment drawer

Description

With this function block circle segments can be drawn on the OLED display of EasyKit Mini.



Inputs and Outputs

Input Data type DescriptionDefault

value

enable bool Enable or disable the circle segment drawer. true

x int8 X coordinate of the center of the circle. 0

y int8 Y coordinate of the center of the circle. 0

radius uint8 Radius of the circle. 0

start angle

[deg]

float Starting angle if the circle segment in degrees. 0

end angle

[deg]

float End angle if the circle segment in degrees. 0

draw lines bool Draw boundary lines from the starting and end point

to the center.

false

13

185



inverse bool The circle segment is drawn in inverse color. false

Properties dialog



Text writer

Description

With this function block short texts and up to 8 integer numbers can be drawn on the OLED

display of the EasyKit Mini. Floating point values can be displayed using the Float splitter .

Note: On the EasyKit Mini only a part of the Windows character set is available.



Inputs and Outputs

Input Data type DescriptionDefault

value

enable bool Enable or disable the circle segment drawer. true

x uint8 X coordinate of the upper left corner of the first

character.

0

y uint8 Y coordinate of the upper left corner of the first

character.

0

spacing uint8 Distance between two characters and two lines. 1

inverse bool The text is drawn in inverse color. false

13

99

185



value 1 int32 Integer value 1. 0

... ... ... ...

value 8 int32 Integer value 8. 0

Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the text writer


Text area This area contains the text to be displayed.

Number of values The number of integer values to be output. The connectors are shown

accordingly. To output the numbers in the text, format specifiers

known from the programming language C like %d, %d or %x can be

used.

Communication

Symb




EasyPort Mini

protocol

Support for the EasyPort Mini

protocol.

EasyPort Mini protocol

Description

This function block allows to read and write write up to 8 input and output values with the ASCII

based EasyPort Mini protocol via serial or rather USB interface; an example program is

available and described on the following page .

The instruction set is highly limited compared to the EasyPort protocol: bit access is not

possible, and only digital values can be read and written at which only all eight together (one

byte) can be accessed. For more information see the documentation of the protocol.

The inputs and outputs can be connected almost arbitrarily, e.g to the digital inputs and outputs

of the EasyPort Mini module or with the switches and LEDs on the base board.

As the USB interface is used during debugging, this function block will only work if the

EasyLab program is generated without debug mode and directly uploaded to the device and

EasyLab is closed afterwards. But in debug mode or during simulation data can be read and

written in the properties dialog although no real communication takes place.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

active bool Enable or disable the protocol. false

input 1 bool Input value 1 false

... ... ... ...

input 8 bool Input value 8 false

193

195

196



OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value

output 1 bool Output value 1 false

... ... ... ...

output 8 bool Output value 8 false

Properties dialog

Properties dialog of the EasyPort Mini protocol


MessagesThis text box displays the messages from the device.

Clear (top)The text box with the messages will be cleared.



This input field contains the message to be sent to the

device. The messages are saved in a hostory.

Clear (bottom)The input field and the history will be cleared.

SendThe message in the input field will be sent to the device.

Example

Description

An example application for the EasyPort Mini protocol in the form of a terminal client is

available within the EasyLab distribution. It can be found in the start menu as "EasyPort Mini

terminal client" in the EasyLab program folder.

Program window of the terminal client

The window looks similar to the function block's properties dialog. There are additional buttons

to connect to and disconnect from the device and to reset the device.

Source code

The C++ source code of the example program is in the subfolder "units\communication



\EasyPortMiniProtocol.unit\terminal" of the EasyLab program folder. To compile the example,

the following requirements - aside from a little experience in C++ software development - must

be met:

The USBXpress Development Kit from Silicon Labs must be installed. The USBXpress

library controls the communication between the PC and the EasyKit board. The function

calls are similar to those of the Win32 API to control the serial interfaces.

The Qt framework from Nokia must be installed (version 4.6 or newer). It provides an object

oriented class library to abstract operating system functions and makes it easier to use

them.

A C++ compiler or a development environment like Microsoft Visual C++ Express 2010 must

be available on the system.

To generate project files or makefiles for the development environment CMake is required.

The source folders contain CMake scripts which are ready to use.

EasyPort Mini

The EasyPort Mini is pluggable additional module for the EasyKit Mini base board. Its six

analog and digital inputs and outputs are accessible via a 15 pin Sub-D connector. As analog

and digital inputs and outputs use the same pins they cannot be used together at the same

time. For correct function the EasyPort Mini board requires an additional power supply of up

to 24V which must be connected to the board's DC connector.

Note: the EasyPort Mini board should only be attached and detached while the EasyKit Mini

base module is not connected to the PC.

Pin assignment of the Sub-D connector:

Pin Function Pin Function

1 Input 1 9 Input 5

2 Output 1 10 Output 5

3 Input 2 11 Input 6

4 Output 2 12 Output 6

5 Input 3 13 +24V

6 Output 3 14 Ground

http://www.silabs.com

http://qt.nokia.com/

http://www.microsoft.com

http://www.cmake.org/



7 Input 4 15 Ground

8 Output 4


Digital InputsThis Category contains function blocks to read the digital

inputs of the EasyPort Mini.

Digital Edge DetectionThis Category contains function blocks for edge detection

at the digital inputs of the EasyPort Mini.

Digital OutputsThis Category contains function blocks to control the

digital outputs of the EasyPort Mini.

Analog Inputs This Category contains function blocks to read the analog

inputs of the EasyPort Mini.

Analog Outputs This Category contains function blocks to control the

analog outputs of the EasyPort Mini.

Digital Inputs

Symbo

lVisualization Function block

Sub-D

pinDescription

Digital Input on DIn1 1 Reads digital input 1.




197

205

212

219

227

198

199

200

201






Description

This function block reads the value of digital input 1 (DIn1 on pin 1 of the Sub-D connector)

and returns it on its output port. It cannot be used together with the digital edge detection on

DIn1 or the analog input 1 at the same time.

Inputs and Outputs

OutputDate

typeDescription

Default

value

status bool State of the respective input pin. false

Properties dialog

202

203

205 220










Description




Inputs and Outputs

OutputDate

typeDescription

Default

value


206 221



Properties dialog








Description




Inputs and Outputs

Output Date Description Default

207 222



type value


Properties dialog








Description



DIn4 or the analog input 4 at the same time.209 223



Inputs and Outputs

OutputDate

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog








Description






Inputs and Outputs

OutputDate

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog








210 224



Description




Inputs and Outputs

OutputDate

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog







211 226



Digital Edge Detection

Symbo


Sub-D

pinDescription

Digital Edge

Detection on DIn11

Measures the time

between two edges on

digital input 1.

Digital Edge

Detection on DIn23

Measures the time


digital input 2.

Digital Edge

Detection on DIn35

Measures the time


digital input 3.

Digital Edge

Detection on DIn47

Measures the time


digital input 4.

Digital Edge

Detection on DIn59

Measures the time


digital input 5.

Digital Edge

Detection on DIn611

Measures the time


digital input 6.


Description


(DIn1 on Pin 1 of the Sub-D connector) and returns it on its output port. The unit of the return

value is microseconds (µs). The function block cannot be used together with the digital input 1

or the analog input 1 at the same time.

Inputs and Outputs

205

206

207

209

210

211

198 220



OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


(corresponding to the period for PWM signals).0

Properties dialog








Description







Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value



Properties dialog








Description

199 221







Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value



Properties dialog







200 222




Description





Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value



Properties dialog



201 223








Description




or the analog input 5 and the analog outputs 1 and 2 at the same time.

Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value



Properties dialog

202 224 220 221










Description




or the analog input 6 and the analog outputs 1 and 2 at the same time.

Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value



202 224 220 221



Properties dialog







Digital Outputs

Symbo


Sub-D

pinDescription

Digital Output on DOut1 2 Controls digital output 1.




213

214

215

216






Description

This function block sets the value of digital output 1 (DOut1 on Pin 2 of the Sub-D connector)

to the given value. It cannot be used together with the analog output 1 at the same time.

Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog

217

218

227









Description



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


Properties dialog

228









Description



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


229



Properties dialog







Description



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value


230



Properties dialog







Description



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

230




Properties dialog







Description



Inputs and Outputs


231



type value


Properties dialog






Analog Inputs

Symbo


Sub-D

pinDescription

Analog Input on AIn1 1 Reads analog input 1.



220

221

222







Description

This function block reads the value of analog input 1 (AIn1 on pin 1 of the Sub-D connector)

and returns it on its output port. The value is returned in raw form as well as a voltage value.

The voltage can be between 0V and 10V. The function block cannot be used together with the

digital input 1 or the digital edge detection on DIn1 at the same time.

Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


pin.0

raw int16 16-bit numerical value of the analog-digital conversion. 0

err bool Error output: always false during program execution. true

Properties dialog

223

224

226

198 205









Description





Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


pin.0


199 206




Properties dialog







Description





Inputs and Outputs


200 207



type value


pin.0



Properties dialog







Description




digital input 4 or the digital edge detection on DIn4 at the same time.201 209



Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


pin.0



Properties dialog







Description







Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


pin.0



Properties dialog






202 210




Description





Inputs and Outputs

OutputData

typeDescription

Default

value


pin.0



Properties dialog


203 211







Analog Outputs

Symbo


Sub-D

pinDescription

Analog Output on

AOut12 Controls analog output 1.

Analog Output on


Analog Output on


Analog Output on


Analog Output on


Analog Output on



Description


output 1 (AOut1 in pin 2 of the Sub-D connector). The output voltage is between 0V and 10V.

The function block cannot be used together with the digital output 1 and the digital edge

detection on DIn5 and DIn6 at the same time.



227

228

229

230

230

231

213

210 211



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

duty_cycle


Properties dialog




Description



The function block cannot be used together with the digital output 2 and the digital edge

detection on DIn5 and DIn6 at the same time.



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

duty_cycle float Duty cyle of the PWM 50

13

214

210 211



[%]

Properties dialog




Description



The function block cannot be used together with the digital output 3 at the same time.



Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

duty_cycle


Properties dialog



13

215

13




Description






Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

duty_cycle


Properties dialog




Description




216

13

217





Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

duty_cycle


Properties dialog




Description






Inputs and Outputs

InputData

typeDescription

Default

value

13

218



duty_cycle


Properties dialog



EasyLab contains a complete development environment to create programs in C for EasyKit Starter or

EasyKit Mini. The development environment contains

arm-gcc: C compiler for ARM microcontrollers. The arm-gcc can be found in Installation-Directory/arm-

gcc

cmake: Makefile-Generator. cmake can be found in Installation-Directory/cmake

runtime: Libraries to access the hardware connected to the microcontroller (i.e. Joystick, Display,

temperature sensor ...). The libraries including the source code can be found in Installation-Directory/

runtime

toolchain: Startup-Code and Linker-Script. The toolchain can be found in Installation-Directory/

toolchain

uploader: Program to upload programs via USB to the EasyKit Mini. The path to the uploader is

Installation-Directory/runtime/uploader_easykit-mini_cmd.exe

Examples: Example programs and build scripts. Examples can be found in Installation-Directory/

programming

During installation the environment variable EASYKIT_MINI_DIR is created. EASYKIT_MINI_DIR points to

the Installation-Directory. The scripts for building the examples use EASYKIT_MINI_DIR to find all

necessary programs, libraries, Startup-Code, Linker-Script and include files.

Build examples

1. Open a command prompt (cmd.exe)

2. Copy the examples (Installation-Directory/programming) to a directory with unlimited access rights (i.e.

c:\users\username ).

cd Documentsmkdir programmingcd programmingxcopy "%EASYLAB_MINI_DIR%\programming" /e

3. Change to an example folder (i.e. c:\users\username\programming\examples\blinky)

13

233Chapter 5 C programming

5C programming

4. Run build.bat.

234 Chapter 5 C programming

5C programming

Build runtime

1. Change to directory programming/runtime (i.e. c:/users/username/programming/runtime)

2. Run build_runtime.bat.

The newly compiled runtime libraries and include files are copied to programming/runtime/output

Build examples with self-build runtime

The script build.bat to build an example links the runtime in EASYLAB_MINI_DIR/runtime. If you build the

runtime yourself the script has to be modified to use your newly build runtime libraries.

Edit the script build.bat found in any example directory (i.e. c:\users\username\programming\examples

\blinky\build.bat).

REM If you build the runtime yourself comment in the next lineSET EASYLAB_MINI_RUNTIME_DIR=%cd%/../../runtime/output/runtime

REM This is the runtime shipped with EasyKit MiniREM If you build the runtime yourself comment out the next lineREM SET EASYLAB_MINI_RUNTIME_DIR=%EASYLAB_MINI_DIR%/runtime

235Chapter 5 C programming

5C programming

If the directory structure of the "programming" directory is unchanged than the self-build runtime is located

relative to the example directory as stated in the first out-commented SET statement to set the

EASYLAB_MINI_RUNTIME_DIR. In-comment this statement and out-comment the statement setting the

runtime directory relative to the EASYLAB_MINI_DIR.

This work partially bases on, distributes or contains work of third parties, which are listed in the following.

Distribution of this work may be subject to special terms and conditions, which are listed in the EasyLab

License Agreement which is displayed during the installation of EasyLab.

Boost C++ Libraries: This work is partially based on Boost C++ Libraries, a set of free peer-reviewed

portable C++ source libraries. See http://www.boost.org/ for more information on Boost.

CMake: This work includes a binary distribution of CMake, an open-source system that manages the

build process in an operating system and in a compiler-independent manner. See http://cmake.org/ for

more information on CMake.

GNU ARM-GCC: Some versions of this work include a binary distribution of "GNU-ARM GCC

EasyLab", a special version of the GNU ARM compiler tool chain for use with EasyLab. This binary was

build from source code obtained by CodeSourcery(TM) and is subject to various licenses.

CodeSourcery is a trademark of CodeSourcery, Inc. (http://www.codesourcery.com/). CodeSourcery

does not provide any support for ARM-GCC EasyLab. For more information about licensing, please

read the respective information in the source package.

Libmodbus: This work is partially based on Libmodbus, a library to send/receive data with a device

which uses the ModBus protocol. Libmodbus was developed by Stéphane Raimbault

<[email protected]>.

LibUSB-Win32: Some versions of this work include a binary distribution of LibUSB-Win32, a port of the

USB library libusb (http://sourceforge.net/projects/libusb/) to the Windows operating system. See http://

libusb-win32.sourceforge.net/ and http://sourceforge.net/projects/libusb-win32/ for more information on

LibUSB-Win32.

Mingw32-make: Some versions of this work include a binary distribution of mingw32-make, a command

line tool for interpreting Makefiles. See http://www.mingw.org/ for more information on MinGW.

piklab-prog win32: Some versions of this work include a binary distribution of piklab-prog win32, a

command line tool that can be used to program microcontrollers with program and data. See http://

piklab.sourceforge.net/ for more information on Piklab.

236 Chapter 6 Legal Notice

6Legal Notice

Xerces-C++ XML Parser: This work is partially based on the Xerces-C++ XML parser. See http://

xerces.apache.org/xerces-c/ for more information on Xerces-C++.

The exact license terms for third party work are listed in the EasyLab License Agreement which is

displayed during the installation of EasyLab.

© © 2015 Festo Didactic SE.All rights reserved.

Product and company names mentioned in thismanual may be trademarks or registeredtrademarks of their respective companies.

Mention of third-party products is for informationalpurposes only and constitutes neither anendorsement nor a recommendation. The authorassumes no responsibility with regard to theperformance or use of these products. Allunderstandings, agreements, or warranties, if any,take place directly between the vendors and theprospective users. Every effort has been made toensure that the information in this manual isaccurate. The author is not responsible for printingor clerical errors.

The product described in this manual incorporatescopyright protection technology that is protected bymethod claims of certain U.S. patents and otherintellectual property rights.

This user manual was created with Help & Manual.

238

239

Index

Ind

ex

-- 72

!! 81, 84

!= 76

%% 70

&& 83

&& 79

** 71

// 69

^ ̂ 84

|| 85

|| 80

++ 68

<< 77

<< 86

<= 78

== 74, 76

== 74

>> 75

>= 75

>> 87

Aand 79

BBoolesch 17

DDeinstallation 2

GGanzzahl 15

IInstallation 2

KKommazahl 16

Konvertierung 17

MMinus 72

Multiply 71

Nnot 81, 84

240

Index

Ind

ex

Oor 80

PPlus 68

RRemainder 70

SSprache 3

TTeilen 69

UUmwandlung 17

Update 2

WWahrheitswert 17

Xxor 80