AGE OF EXPLORATION
Dec 13, 2015
Use Power Point to take Funky Notes
Directions Funky notes are colorful and creative and stick out in your
memory! You do not want them to be boring! Use colored pencils, highlighters, markers, pens, or creative writing. You can draw cartoons to go with your notes to help them stand out in your memory.
Note: these notes are very important! They are a grade,
and you will need them for your test and culminating project for the Explorers Unit.
Objectives
Competency Goals: 7.h.2.1 analyze the effects of social, economic, military and political conflict among nations, regions, and groups (e.g. war, genocide, imperialism and colonization).
Instruments for measuring Altitude of Objects above the
Horizon Captain John Davis invented the Davis
quadrant, an improved back-staff, in 1594. Isaac Newton invented the reflecting
quadrant in 1699. John Hadley and Thomas Godfrey
independently developed the octant in 1730.
The first sextant was produced by John Bird in 1759.
Life on the Sea A sailors day was divided into four-hour work schedules
called watches. Duties included tending sails, maintaining the ship,
sweeping the deck, and filling leaks in the hull with “oakum,” fibers of the old rope covered with tar.
When not on watch, sailors could sleep, eat, or have entertainment.
Sleeping quarters were small, crowded spaces between decks, about three feet high with hammocks slung between beams. Candles and lanterns were prohibited. Sleeping quarters were opened to the air twice a day, except during storms. Sailors slept fully clothed in order to be able to respond immediately to any emergency.
Why Explore?
*Crusades and journeys of Marco Polo exposed Europeans to new technologies, products, and culture
Spices: nutmeg, cinnamon, ginger, pepper
Silk Opium: medical and “recreational” use
The Ottoman Empire
Europeans couldn’t travel across land because the Ottoman Empire would attack them.
The Portuguese
First to explore the western coast of Africa
Looked for a route around Africa to Asia
Christopher Columbus
Italian man Looked west for route to Asia Was given money by King Ferdinand
and Queen Isabella from Spain. Discovered land in 1492, but it wasn’t
Asia.
Columbus Needed Money for Expedition
Columbus first presented his planned expedition in 1485 to John II, king of Portugal, but the king refused to finance it.
The king and queen of Spain, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, agreed to fund Columbus’ expedition in 1492.
Ferdinand Magellan Magellan's expedition of 1519–1522 became
the first expedition to sail from the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific Ocean (then named "peaceful sea" by Magellan; the passage being made via the Strait of Magellan), and the first to cross the Pacific. It also completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth, although Magellan himself did not complete the entire voyage, being killed during the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines. (For background see Exploration of the Pacific.)
Food for the Journey
Magellan’s fleet began the expedition with: 213,800 lbs. of biscuits, 72,000 lbs. of salted beef, 57,000 lbs. of salted pork, 984 lbs. of cheese, 5,600 lbs. of beans, and 10,080 lbs. of chickpeas (garbanzo beans)
Prince Henry
Son of Portuguese King Dazzled by dreams of ocean exploration
and East Asia Established a navigation school
Not to be confused with
Ponce de Leon First to land on the mainland of North America Looking for “fountain of youth” Sailed for Spain Established St. Augustine, Florida
Vasco de Gama
First to sail around Africa to India (27,000 miles)
Obtained valuable goods from India
Cape of Good Hope
The Cape of Good Hope is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa.
Hernando Cortes
Spanish Conquistador Conquered Aztec emperor Montezuma Found gold Claimed Mexico for Spain (1519-1521) “Discovered” Tenochtitlan
Balboa
Spanish Explorer Claimed Pacific Ocean and adjoining lands for Spain First to cross the Isthmus of Panama
Not to be confused with
Check over all Funky Notes: You will use notes to study for test You will use notes to complete
Explorer’s Comic Strip Project