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Updated: July 5, 2017 Copyright © 2017 John Jechura ([email protected]) Use of Yield Charts & Equations Volume Mass Density Ave BPT Watson K Hydrogen For cracking Sulfur 2 mol/mol S Dissolved in product 1 lb/bbl feed H2S Sulfur in Feed C3‐ 1.0+0.09*(Y LN ) IC4 0.377*(Y LN ) Calculate Pure NC4 0.186*(Y LN ) Calculate Pure C5 to 180F Fig. 7.3 (Y LN ) Calculate Calculate 131F Fig. 7.5 180 to 400F Fig. 7.4 Calculate Calculate 281F Fig. 7.5 400F+ Calculate 460F Fig. 7.5
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Use of Yield Charts & Equations - Colorado School of Minesinside.mines.edu/~jjechura/Refining/08_Hydrocracking... · 2017-07-06 · Use of Yield Charts & Equations Volume Mass Density

Jun 26, 2018

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Page 1: Use of Yield Charts & Equations - Colorado School of Minesinside.mines.edu/~jjechura/Refining/08_Hydrocracking... · 2017-07-06 · Use of Yield Charts & Equations Volume Mass Density

Updated: July 5, 2017Copyright © 2017 John Jechura ([email protected])

Use of Yield Charts & EquationsVolume Mass Density Ave BPT Watson K

Hydrogen

For cracking

Sulfur 2 mol/mol S

Dissolved in product 1 lb/bbl feed

H2S Sulfur in Feed

C3‐ 1.0+0.09*(YLN)

IC4 0.377*(YLN) Calculate Pure

NC4 0.186*(YLN) Calculate Pure

C5 to 180F Fig. 7.3 (YLN) Calculate Calculate 131F Fig. 7.5

180 to 400F Fig. 7.4 Calculate Calculate 281F Fig. 7.5

400F+ Calculate 460F Fig. 7.5

Page 2: Use of Yield Charts & Equations - Colorado School of Minesinside.mines.edu/~jjechura/Refining/08_Hydrocracking... · 2017-07-06 · Use of Yield Charts & Equations Volume Mass Density

Updated: July 5, 2017Copyright © 2017 John Jechura ([email protected])

Hydrocracker Yield Trends

Figure 7.3 The lighter the feedstock the more readily it cracks The curves for the 10.9 Watson K factor feed are about 10% lower than the curves for the 12.1 Watson K factor feed. • Suggests the calculation procedure:

12.1

12.11 0.1

10.9 12.1W

WK

KY Y

Page 3: Use of Yield Charts & Equations - Colorado School of Minesinside.mines.edu/~jjechura/Refining/08_Hydrocracking... · 2017-07-06 · Use of Yield Charts & Equations Volume Mass Density

Updated: July 5, 2017Copyright © 2017 John Jechura ([email protected])

Hydrocracker Yield Trends

Figure 7.4 Start over‐cracking the heavy naphtha fraction when the light naphtha yields gets above 25 vol%.

Page 4: Use of Yield Charts & Equations - Colorado School of Minesinside.mines.edu/~jjechura/Refining/08_Hydrocracking... · 2017-07-06 · Use of Yield Charts & Equations Volume Mass Density

Updated: July 5, 2017Copyright © 2017 John Jechura ([email protected])

Hydrocracker Yield – Makeup Hydrogen

Make up hydrogen must be added to compensate for that chemically consumed & any dissolved in the liquid products Primary hydrogen consumed will be to saturate aromatics & olefin structures and break C‐C bonds Additional hydrogen needed for the removal of sulfur

• Breaking of the C‐S‐C and C‐SH bonds• Assume the more conservative 2 mol H2 per mol S

Liquid products leave with dissolved H2

• Text book recommends 1 lb H2 per bbl liquid product

4

Page 5: Use of Yield Charts & Equations - Colorado School of Minesinside.mines.edu/~jjechura/Refining/08_Hydrocracking... · 2017-07-06 · Use of Yield Charts & Equations Volume Mass Density

Updated: July 5, 2017Copyright © 2017 John Jechura ([email protected])

Hydrocracker Yield Example

Page 6: Use of Yield Charts & Equations - Colorado School of Minesinside.mines.edu/~jjechura/Refining/08_Hydrocracking... · 2017-07-06 · Use of Yield Charts & Equations Volume Mass Density

Updated: July 5, 2017Copyright © 2017 John Jechura ([email protected])

Hydrocracker Yield Example

Estimate the Watson K factors for the liquid products

Page 7: Use of Yield Charts & Equations - Colorado School of Minesinside.mines.edu/~jjechura/Refining/08_Hydrocracking... · 2017-07-06 · Use of Yield Charts & Equations Volume Mass Density

Updated: July 5, 2017Copyright © 2017 John Jechura ([email protected])

Hydrocracker Yield Example

Calculate other values based on the physical property information & flow data.

Page 8: Use of Yield Charts & Equations - Colorado School of Minesinside.mines.edu/~jjechura/Refining/08_Hydrocracking... · 2017-07-06 · Use of Yield Charts & Equations Volume Mass Density

Updated: July 5, 2017Copyright © 2017 John Jechura ([email protected])

Hydrocracker Yield Example

Determine amount H2S produced & amount of H2

required to remove

Page 9: Use of Yield Charts & Equations - Colorado School of Minesinside.mines.edu/~jjechura/Refining/08_Hydrocracking... · 2017-07-06 · Use of Yield Charts & Equations Volume Mass Density

Updated: July 5, 2017Copyright © 2017 John Jechura ([email protected])

Hydrocracker Yield Example

Determine Vol% Light Naphtha Yield (based on 12.1 Watson K factor feed).

Page 10: Use of Yield Charts & Equations - Colorado School of Minesinside.mines.edu/~jjechura/Refining/08_Hydrocracking... · 2017-07-06 · Use of Yield Charts & Equations Volume Mass Density

Updated: July 5, 2017Copyright © 2017 John Jechura ([email protected])

Hydrocracker Yield Example

Correct to actual Watson K factor of feed. Calculate associated mass values.

Page 11: Use of Yield Charts & Equations - Colorado School of Minesinside.mines.edu/~jjechura/Refining/08_Hydrocracking... · 2017-07-06 · Use of Yield Charts & Equations Volume Mass Density

Updated: July 5, 2017Copyright © 2017 John Jechura ([email protected])

Hydrocracker Yield Example

Determine Vol% Heavy Naphtha (180 to 400oF) Yield. Calculate associated mass values.

Page 12: Use of Yield Charts & Equations - Colorado School of Minesinside.mines.edu/~jjechura/Refining/08_Hydrocracking... · 2017-07-06 · Use of Yield Charts & Equations Volume Mass Density

Updated: July 5, 2017Copyright © 2017 John Jechura ([email protected])

Hydrocracker Yield Example

Determine Vol% Butane Yield. Calculate associated mass values.

Page 13: Use of Yield Charts & Equations - Colorado School of Minesinside.mines.edu/~jjechura/Refining/08_Hydrocracking... · 2017-07-06 · Use of Yield Charts & Equations Volume Mass Density

Updated: July 5, 2017Copyright © 2017 John Jechura ([email protected])

Hydrocracker Yield Example

Determine Wt% C3‐ Yield. Split 

between C1, C2, & C3.

Page 14: Use of Yield Charts & Equations - Colorado School of Minesinside.mines.edu/~jjechura/Refining/08_Hydrocracking... · 2017-07-06 · Use of Yield Charts & Equations Volume Mass Density

Updated: July 5, 2017Copyright © 2017 John Jechura ([email protected])

Hydrocracker Yield Example

Determine mass amount of Distillate & residual Gas Oil (400oF+) based on total mass balance.

Page 15: Use of Yield Charts & Equations - Colorado School of Minesinside.mines.edu/~jjechura/Refining/08_Hydrocracking... · 2017-07-06 · Use of Yield Charts & Equations Volume Mass Density

Updated: July 5, 2017Copyright © 2017 John Jechura ([email protected])

Hydrocracker Yield Example

Determine all other yield amounts.

Page 16: Use of Yield Charts & Equations - Colorado School of Minesinside.mines.edu/~jjechura/Refining/08_Hydrocracking... · 2017-07-06 · Use of Yield Charts & Equations Volume Mass Density

Updated: July 5, 2017Copyright © 2017 John Jechura ([email protected])

Hydrocracker Yield Example

Determine the amount of dissolved H2 in the liquid products (C3 & heavier)

Page 17: Use of Yield Charts & Equations - Colorado School of Minesinside.mines.edu/~jjechura/Refining/08_Hydrocracking... · 2017-07-06 · Use of Yield Charts & Equations Volume Mass Density

Updated: July 5, 2017Copyright © 2017 John Jechura ([email protected])

Hydrocracker Yield Example