© Wärtsilä PUBLIC Use of various energy sources Sjöfartens Dag / Maritime Day 12.5.2016 Mariehamn Johnny Kackur Wärtsilä Marine Solutions Business Development
© Wärtsilä PUBLIC
Use of various energy sourcesSjöfartens Dag / Maritime Day 12.5.2016 Mariehamn
Johnny KackurWärtsilä Marine Solutions Business Development
© Wärtsilä PUBLIC2
Main Drivers for fuel selection
• Environmental regulations• Availability• Economics
12.5.2016 Sjöfartens dag 2016
© Wärtsilä PUBLIC3
Environmental legislation continues
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2025
SOx legislation:• Sulphur free fuels
– LNG– Methanol, LPG, bio-fuels– Distillates
• Scrubbers in combination with HFO
NOx legislation:Tier II• Engine internal methodsTier III• Secondary methods (SCR)• LNG/NG with lean burning process (dual-fuel
engines)
Global cap 0.5% SOx
NOx Tier III in NECA(North America)
NOx Tier II(Global)
Global 0.5% SOxlimit reviewed
All ECA 0.1% SOx
North Europe ECA 1% SOx
0.1% SOxin EU ports
Global cap 3.5% SOx
North America ECA 1% SOx
12.5.2016 Sjöfartens dag 2016
© Wärtsilä PUBLIC
Fuel choice for environmental regulation compliance
4 © Wärtsilä 12.5.2016 Sjöfartens dag 20164
© Wärtsilä PUBLIC
The traditional way: HFO/MGO operation- Evaluation of SOx scrubber installation
Pay-back time for the SOx scrubber depends on• Initial investment• Fuel price difference (MGO – HFO)• Time spent in ECA areas
12.5.2016 Sjöfartens dag 20165
© Wärtsilä PUBLIC
WÄRTSILÄ 4 STROKE DUAL-FUEL APPLICATIONS REFERENCES
>1,500 engines ���� >16,000,000 running hours
LNG CarrierLPG CarrierTankersContainersBulk CarrierCar Carrier
Hopper DredgerTugsNavyIcebreakerIWW Guide shipCable Layer
204 vessels11 vessels14 vessels
4 vessels3 vessels2 vessels
FPSOChemical tankerROROFerriesIWW
Plants 82Output 5031 MW Online since 1997
2 vessels2 vessels6 vessels1 vessel
24 vessels
1 vessel6 vessels1 vessel1 vessel
16 vessels1 vessel1 vessel
4 vessels1 vessel2 vessels3 vessels1 vessel
881 engines
132 engines
46 engines
36 engines
376 engines
CruiseFerryROPAXFerries
1 vessel3 vessels
12 vessels
66 engines
PlatformFSOFPSO Jack-Up RigOSV
Use of LNG as fuel continues
12.5.2016 Sjöfartens dag 20166
© Wärtsilä PUBLIC
Alternative fuels – Real experience
In Service
In service since Q1 2015
Full engines test on ZA40 have taken place during 2014
Methanol• Sulpfur free
Bio-fuels• Sulpfur free• Fuel specification
and availability is a question mark
VOC• Mix of different HC´s
and inert gas• VOC from a shuttle
tanker can cover 20% of energy demand
LPG• Sulfur free• Heavier than air• 2% of global
energy market
In Service
In service since 2012
Operating on Bio-Fuel or MDO
Several land based power plants in operation
Tested in the 90`s
Challenge with injection pressure with the diesel principle
Smoke problem
Available today for 34SG engines (gas only)
In Service
Several VOC recovery installations in use
GasReformerdelivered 2013
DF engines in marine service since 2001
SECA
NECA ???
Ethane• C2H6• Sulfur free• Interesting when
available as cargo
In Service
DF engines running on ethane in service since 2015
Approval in principle
SECA
NECA
SECA
NECA
SECANECA(Otto Principle)
SECANECA(Otto Principle)
12.5.2016 Sjöfartens dag 20167
© Wärtsilä PUBLIC
Alternative fuels – Biofuels
• Biofuels will be a part of fuel assortments in the future• Wartsila has 11 years of experienced in land based applications with
bio fuels and for 4 years on marine side• LBF offer a sulphur free alternative, typically clearly lower particle
levels and depending on the source much lower CO2 footprint on a well to wake cycle.
� Availability is an issue� Difference in fuel properties in one region to another� There are typically other takers of the raw material as well
12.5.2016 Sjöfartens dag 20168
© Wärtsilä PUBLIC
Alternative fuels – VOC, Shuttle tanker
12.5.2016 Sjöfartens dag 20169
Fuel Gas/Surplus GasLVOCInert GasElectric PowerCargo Tank VentSteam
PTO
LVOC Tank
Gas Reformer
INERT GAS
Steam Turbo Genset
VaporizorVOC
Recovery
BOILER
Wärtsilä DFMain / Aux engines
Vessel Grid
Gas Compressor
4-STROKETECHNOLOGY DF GAS REFORMER2-STROKE VOC RECOVERY
© Wärtsilä PUBLIC
Use of LPG as fuel for marine
GVU
Dual Fuel Engine
8 barg
LPG tank
R D D
GasReformer
LPG vaporizerHeater
� For LPG a GasReformer is required to increase the methane number and achieve full output• Propane/Butane � Methane
� LPG + GasReformer + DF engine =
12.5.2016 Sjöfartens dag 201610
© Wärtsilä PUBLIC
Use of ethane as fuel: Evergas 6x 27’500 m3 LEG/LNG carrier
12.5.201611
Wärtsilä scope of supply:
• Main Engines (2x6L50DF)
• Aux Engines (2x6L20DF)
• Propulsion system (GB, Shaft, CPP, EnergoPac)
• Ethane/LNG Fuel Gas Supply System
• Design of LNG Tanks
• Cargo Handling system
First vessels to use ethane as fuel
For transportation of ethane from the US
First vessel in operation since June 2015
Sjöfartens dag 2016
© Wärtsilä PUBLIC
Batteries are coming and are here to stay
12.5.2016
ALL-ELECTRICBatteries used as the only
power source all the time during operations (short routes only)
HYBRID (+ PLUG-IN HYBRID)
Batteries combined with engine to optimize performance in
specific conditions (e.g. DP)
Sjöfartens dag 201613
© Wärtsilä PUBLIC
Some battery examples
12.5.2016
OWNER Norled
YARD Fjellstrand
IN SERVICE 2015
CAPACITY 350 pax, 120 cars, 8 trucks
CROSS TIME 20 min (3 nm)
CHARGE TIME 10 min
SPEED 10 knots (max 14 knots)
PROPULSION 2x 450 W Rolls Royce AZP 08
LOCATION Norway
BATTERIES
TECHNOLOGY Lithium NMC liquid cooled
SUPPLIER Corvus energy
CAPACITY 1040 kWh + 2x 410 kWh onshore
OWNER Rederiaktiebolaget Ballerina
YARD Faaborg Vaerft
IN SERVICE 2014
CAPACITY 150 pax
CROSS TIME 1 hour (multiple stops)
CHARGE TIME /
SPEED max 10 knots
PROPULSION 2x 125 kW pods
LOCATION Sweden
BATTERIES
TECHNOLOGY Super-Iron Phosphate Li-ion
SUPPLIER Saft
CAPACITY 500 kWh
AMPEREALL-ELECTRIC PASSENGER AND CAR FERRY
E/S SJÖVÄGENALL-ELECTRIC COMMUTER FERRY
ALL-ELECTRICOWNER Scandlines
YARD Remontowa (conversion)
BUILT 1997
CONVERTED 2014
CROSS TIME 45 min (10 nm) + 30 min maneu.
CAPACITY 1140 pax + cars + wagons
SPEED 14 knots (max 18.5 knots)
ENGINES 4x MaK 8M32 (originally 5)
LOCATION Germany – Denmark
BATTERIES
TECHNOLOGY Lithium NMC liquid cooled
SUPPLIER Corvus energy
CAPACITY 2600 kWh
PRINS RICHARDHYBRID RO-PAX
OWNER Kotug
PARTNERS Aspin, Kemp & Associates
YARD Damen
BUILT 2014
LBT 31.9m x 12.6m x 5.9m
BOLL PULL 80 tons
SPEED 12.5 knots
ENGINES 4 x Caterpillar 3512C-TA
LOCATION Port of Rotterdam
BATTERIES
TECHNOLOGY Lithium NMC
SUPPLIER Corvus energy
CAPACITY 117 kWh
RT EVOLUTIONHYBRID TUG
HYBRID
Sjöfartens dag 201614
© Wärtsilä PUBLIC
All-electric and hybrid vessels in operation
12.5.2016
24
4
3
6 Norway6 Denmark6 Netherlands4 France2 UK1 Italy
2 Norway2 Sweden
3 USA
1 Japan
5 Australia
Sjöfartens dag 2016
34 hybrid4 all-electric
1
5
15
© Wärtsilä PUBLIC
Benefits with hybrid propulsion
� Optimize engine loads• Higher engine loads
- Lower fuel consumption and emission levels• Less engines running
- Lower maintenance costs
� More stable load on engine/propeller• Battery handles the load fluctuations (faster than engines)
- Lower fuel consumption and emission levels
� Improved redundancy level• Blackout prevention
- Higher revenue (lower ”blackout risk”)• Possibility for smaller machinery installation
� Charging of batteries in port through ”port supply”• Lower fuel consumption and emission levels
16
34,0%
36,0%
38,0%
40,0%
42,0%
44,0%
46,0%
48,0%
50,0%
30 50 70 90
Effi
cien
cy[%
]
Engine load [%]
W34DF Efficiency, gas mode
12.5.2016 Sjöfartens dag 2016
© Wärtsilä PUBLIC
WÄRTSILÄ INDUCTION CHARGINGCOMBINED WITH AUTOMATIC MOORING SYSTEM
Induction charging unitby Wärtsilä
Automatic mooring system (Vacuum technology)by Cavotec
Wärtsilä automation
12.5.2016 Sjöfartens dag 201617