Use of Technology and Innovation in Promoting Good governance

“Use of Technology and Innovationin promoting Good Governance”

Prepared by

Anurag Jagetiya

Assistant Professor, MLV Textile & Engineering College, Bhilwara (Rajasthan)

Use of technology and Innovation in Promoting Good Governance

1

Outline

• Background

• Emergence of Good Governance

• Introduction to Good Governance

• Use of Technology to promote Good Governance

• Use of Innovation to promote Good Governance

• Challenges


2

Outline

• Background





• Challenges


3

Background

• The time at the end of 1980 was ofunprecedented political changes.

• 1989, collapse of Berlin wall and disintegrationof Soviet Union.


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Background

• Rapid political changes raised serious discussion: how astate has to be designed in order to achieve economicdevelopment i.e. Discussion of good governancestarted.

• In 1989, World Bank’s study on “African region: fromcrisis to sustainable growth” analyzed developmentproblems in Africa.

• In this study the term “governance” was first used todescribe the need for institutional reform and a betterand more efficient public sector in countries.


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Background

• Poverty reduction was the keychallenge of World Bank

• To solve the root causes ofpoverty, they have to focus onnecessary conditions forsustainable development


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Background

• Poorly functioning public sector institutionsand weak governance are major constraints togrowth and equitable development in manydeveloping countries.


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Background

• The World DevelopmentReport (WDR)2000/2001: AttackingPoverty, contains a richdiscussion of theimportance of goodgovernance and effectivepublic sector institutionsfor poverty reduction


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Outline

• Background





• Challenges


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Emergence of Good Governance

• in the 1990s, it was realized that neither goodpolicies nor good investments are likely toemerge and be sustainable in an environmentwith dysfunctional institutions and poorgovernance.


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Emergence of Good Governance

• The critical importance of well-performingpublic institutions and good governance fordevelopment and poverty reduction has cometo the forefront in the 1990s


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Outline

• Background





• Challenges


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Introduction to Good Governance

• Governance

– The Africa-study of World Bank definedgovernance as “the exercise of political power tomanage a nation’s affairs”

– It is the process of decision-making and theprocess by which decisions are implemented


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• GovernanceIn 1992, World Bankredefined governance asthe manner in whichpower is exercised in themanagement of acountry’s economic andsocial resources fordevelopment


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• Good Governance

– Good governance ensures that political, social andeconomic priorities are based on broad consensusin society and that the voices of the poorest andthe most vulnerable are heard in decision-makingover the allocation of development resources.


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• Good Governance– If governance includes the exercise of authority in

managing the resources of a country, then goodgovernance is about making sure that this exerciseof power helps improve quality of life enjoyed byall citizens.

– The concept emerges as a model to compareineffective economies or political bodies withviable economies and political bodies


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• The concept centers on the responsibility ofgovernments and governing bodies to meetthe needs of the masses as opposed toselected groups in society

• How public institutions conduct public affairsand manage public resources


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Pillars of Good Governance

• Three institutions are considered to bereformed under good governance:

– The government

– The private sector

– The civil society

• However, demands vary with cultures

and priorities of the country.


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Good Governance Standard # 1

• International Monetary Funds (IMF), in 1996suggests the following factors to boosteconomic growth of any country:

– Rule of Law

– Improving efficiency and accountability of Public Sector

– Tackling corruption


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United Nations suggested reform throughhuman development and political institutionreform and added following factors:

o Consensus Oriented

o Participatory

o Transparent

o Responsive

o Equitable and Inclusive


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• The World Bank is more concerned with the reform of economic and social resource control.

– type of political regime

– process by which authority is exercised in the management of the economic and social resources,

– capacity of governments to formulate policies and have them effectively implemented.


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Why does Good Governance Matter?

• If a state practices good governance, it is likely to be:

– Most developed country

– Statistical analysis has proven that goodgovernance improves economic performancerather than vice-versa

– Quality of Life


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• In the World Happiness Report, goodgovernance is recognized as one of the fourpillars of sustainable development

• In the World Happiness Report, goodgovernance is recognized as one of thefour pillars of sustainable development

• It signifies the ability of people to helpshape their own lives and to reap thehappiness that comes with politicalparticipation and freedom


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Case Study # 1: Singapore

• By transforming into one of the least corruptplaces in the world, it is fast becoming one ofthe world’s booming economies.


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Case Study # 2: Nigeria

• Nigeria, it is also Africa’s leading oil producer and rich in minerals.

– Corruption is pervasive

– Government efforts to improve transparency and reduce graft have been inadequate.

– Red tape and inconsistent enforcement of commercial regulations burden the entrepreneurial environment.

– 129th Rank in World Economic Freedom Index


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How to determine whether governance is good?


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• Although list is long but important issues are:

–Accountability

– Effectiveness

– Fairness


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–Accountability

• Citizen keep track ofGovernment’s promisesmade during elections

• Where is the money coming from

• Information should be made public


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–Effectiveness

• Is government delivering education and health care as per budget

• Revenue collection is honest

• Invest resources wisely

• Managing public funds for the benefit of all


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–Fairness

• Trust between citizen and Government

• Trust between citizen and Institutions

• Free of Corruption

• Fair, reliable, and stable


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Outline

• Background





• Challenges


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Use of Technology to improve Good Governance

• Accountability

– Web Portals, e-Forums, e-News Letter, E-mail

– TV, Radio, Automated calls, SMS

– Social Media

• Facebook, Twitter


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Improving accountability in the housingprogramme for the poor

• Centre for Good Governance, Hyderabaddeveloped a web based system– Up to date information about beneficiary

– Stage of construction of a house

– Details of money released as subsidy

– Material supplied by executive agency

– Upload of relevant photographs

Any body can see this information viz. generalpublic, civil society, community representative etc.


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Transparency and social audit

• The MahatmaGandhi NationalRural EmploymentGuarantee Schemeis a flagshipprogramme toprovide support tothe unemployedrural poor


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Contd.

• A comprehensive system is in place on anational website to show the details of thebeneficiaries, the money released, communityworks on which the workers have beendeployed and time taken in making paymentsetc.

• This is also supported by concurrent socialaudit


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Grievance redressal, Right to Information and ICT

• CGG developed a solution

• Citizen can communicate via call, SMS, or fax to the call centers

• Automatic response to their

queries through SMS or calls

• Tracking is much easier

• Pilot started in Andhra Pradesh


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Mobile Phone for improving service delivery

• Mobile phones are increasingly helping the people to connect with government.

• Mobile phone based emergency rescue and relief services.


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• Ambulance services using latest GIS system.

• E.g. Telemedicine

• Emergency Management Research Institute, Hyderabad is doing research in ICT.


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Common Service Centres

• National E-Government Plan to set upCommon Service Centres across country.

• Provides multiple array

of services under

single window without

human interface.


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Outline

• Background





• Challenges


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Social Audits

• Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) says‘Social Audit’ is “a public assembly where all thedetails of the project are scrutinized”.

• It is “a way of measuring, understanding,reporting and ultimately improving anorganization’s social and ethical performance

• Often, conducted by NGO, CSRs, or state formedbodies.


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• Govt of India’s 2013 budget allocated 46% of its funds to the rural development ministry i.e. 80,194 Crores.

• MGNREGA accounts for major disbursementof funds.

• Social Audit became necessary for effectivefunctioning of Panchayati Raj Institutions.

• Gram Sabhas are empowered to conductSocial Audis


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Other Innovations towards Good Governance

• Anonymous SMS Hotline to PromoteAccountability– Monitor and report corruption

• Web Service to connect with Government– Involve citizen in decision making

• Global Search Engine– All public data


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• Fraud Analysis Programme Confronts e-Procurement Corruption

• Increasing Transparency in PharmaceuticalProcurement

• Online business License services

• E-Tender System

• Cut Waste, Cut- Red tape, Go Green likemovements have to be started.


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• Corporate Governance


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Challenges

• Literacy

• Awareness

• Whistle Blower Protection

• Corruption, favoritism

• Lack of Motivation to social audits

• Flexible laws

• No fear of Constitution


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Reference

• Dr. Rajiv Sharma, Director General, CGG, Hyderabad, Use ofICT in improving governance and social accountability with apro-poor approach

• http://magnet.undp.org

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_governance


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http://magnet.undp.org/


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Use of Technology and Innovation in Promoting Good governance

Government & Nonprofit

good policies

good investments

discussion of good governance

importance of good governance

egovernance use of technology

weak governance

poor governance

term governance