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On the use of Different Digital and Analog S
and Gizduino Microcontroller Atmega328 onClassical Time Dependent Phsics !"perim
Researchers:
Mark Danielle Cardio, Alyssa Valerio, Bryan Llenariza
Patrick Joshua Montales, Marjoe Permejo and ReynoldLuna
Polytechnic University of the PhilippinesCollee o! "cienceDe#artment o! Physical "ciences"ta$ Mesa, Manila %%&%, Phili##ines
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O#T$%&! 'ld Vs Modern (ay o! Classroom Physics )*#eriments
'+jecties "ini-cance o! the study
"co#e and Limitation
Di.erence o! Analo and Diital sensor
/he 0izduino A/mea123
)*#erimental Process and Data Ac4uisition Results and Discussion
Conclusion
(ork in Proress
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Old 's Modern (a of performing Classical T
Dependent Phsics !"periments in the Classr
/he traditional 5ay o! measurements in classroom #hysics e*#emade use o! ruler, timer or sto#5atch$
/he #recision o! the measurements 5ere a.ected +y the judmreaction time o! the #erson 5ho is doin the measurement$
"ome e*#eriments are +ounded and limited to #er!orm due to !athat can6t +e accurately measured +y the naked eye as it needs cother ideo editin so!t5are to take measurements !or a ery sminteral$
Data )ncodin, Calculation and Modelin are manually done a!tActual )*#eriment$
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Old 's Modern (a of performing Classical T
Dependent Phsics !"periments in the Classr
/he modern 5ay o! measurements in classroom #hysics e*#erimuse o! the aaila+le technoloy like diital e4ui#ment that could the numerical and modeled +ehaior usin com#uters$
/he #recision relies on the sinals send +y the sensors throuh t#rocessin units like com#uter, and microcontrollers$ ; and Modelincan +e done simultaneous to the e*#erimentation$
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$et)s recall some of the Classical Time Depend
Phsics !"periments
Fig. 1.: )*am#les o! the De#endent Physics )*#er
[3] Young and Freedman University Physics with Mode rn Physics, 13thed.
8n sim#le harmonic motion,the motion is sinusoidal intime and demonstrates asinle resonant !re4uency$
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O*+ecti'es
/o test an accessi+le diital e*#erimental method tused in #er!ormin time de#endent classicae*#eriments$
/o re#er!orm certain classical time de#endene*#eriments usin diital and analo sensors$
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Significance of the Stud
(ith the use o! sensors and microcontrollers, #hysics e*#
are can +e re#er!ormed easily and eciently 5here the +ethe e*#eriment is can +e simultaneously o+sered on the 5hile takin the measurements$
/o address the need o! #u+lic schools students in terminterestin and challenin e*#erimental methods th
deelo# learnin #rocess$
/o enhance technical skills o! the #u+lic students !oc#rorammin, electronics and instrumentation in accordan"/)M curriculum$
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Scope and $imitations of the St /he study 5ill !ocus on Classical /ime De#endent )*#erimen
"im#le 7armonic Motion in !orm o! "im#le Pendulum an"#rin 'scillations, also a non time de#endent e*#eriment liLa5 5ere #er!ormed !or the determination o! the s#rin
/he microcontroller used is 0izduino ;Mini> A/mea123 $:co#y or cloned ersion o! the Arduino E
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Scope and $imitation
/he e*#eriments 5ere done on a Fat +alanced s
#reent miscalculations and errors on the data ac4
/he e*#erimentation #rocess 5ere done tem#erature to make sta+le condition and mine.ect o! the tem#erature on the sensors$
/he e*#eriments 5ere #er!ormed on small amoscillations$
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Analog Sensors
[2] Wester, !ohn and "a#it $ren. Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, 2nd
ed. %&% Press, %o'ryright 2(1)
Fig. 2.: Plot o! the Possi+le Values thatcould +e o+tain !rom an Analo8nstrument$
Analo sensors #roduccontinuous and #ro#orsinal$ )*am#le o! it isEltrasonic Distance "e
Bar
Distance
Fig. 3.: (orkin #rian Eltrasonic Distan
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Digital Sensors
[2] Wester, !ohn and "a#it $ren. Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, 2nd
ed. %&% Press, %o'ryright 2(1)
Fig. 4.: )*am#le o! a setu# that #roducout#uts ;le!t> and #lot !rom a diital senso;riht>$
Diital sensors#roduce only +inaryout#uts & or %$
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Gizduino ATmega328
[1] *echnica# Manua# &ev. 1r1.Gizduino V4.0.
e+gimo Mechatronics %entra#
Com#onent "#eci-cation
E% H A/M)0A 123 Micro#rocessoChi#
E2 H 'n Board ?V VoltaeReulator
E1 H PL21&1 E"B to R"212Bride Controller
K% H %M7z crystal oscillator
Table 1 "#eci-cations o! th
Fig. 5.:Parts o! the 0izduino A/mea123
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Data Ac,uisition on the !"periments
Fig. 6.: Block diaram o! ho5 the data 5as o+tained !rom thee*#eriment$
Manet
L)D
Reed "5itch
"#rin
Mass 5ith disk
EltrasonicDistance"ensor
0izduino A/mea
"erial Conne
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Data $ogging and Displa
Fig. .: "o!t5are used !or data loin and modelin$ /heideo cli# on the riht side 5as recorded usin Cam"tudio$
Lo ile
Plot
Arduino 8D) "erial Monitor and "erialPlotter
Python
BE/LLL
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Simple Pendulum - Determining .g/
Fig. !.: Arranement o"5itch and Manet ;Boerrors
Fig. ".: 8t sho5s that the ac4uired alue o! Ncon!orms on its actual alue o! G$3 mOs2$
&$% &$%? &$2 &$2? &$1 &$1? &$:
&$%1
&$%3
&$21
&$23
&$11
&$13
!;*> P &$3:* Q &$&:
R P &$G3
Relation of the #trings $ength an% the #&'are of the (alf Perio% of )scillation
/heoretical
)*#erimental
Linear
;)*#erimental>
#&'are of the Perio%
$ength
Correlation 0.99147257
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!rror Analsis on the Simple Pendulum
!"periment
Table 2. 8t sho5s the calculated error o! the ac4uired N !romthe e*#eriment$
*+peri,ental TheoreticalPercentage *rro
-al'es of Lenth
)la#sed/ime
Value o!SS
Lenth)la#sed/ime
Value o! SS
&$1:3&$?G%G&:
3G$%33T&$
&2&$1:3 &$?G2&%
G$3
%$3 U
&$21&$?:213&G
?G$2?1T&$
%1&$21 &$?2:1 ?$? U
&$2:1&$:332%:23
%&$&G%T&
$&?&$2:1 &$:G: 2$3 U
&$%G1&$::&%%G&:
3G$3??%T&$
&&$%G1 &$::&G &$ U
&$%:3&$1?%?:%
G%%$G:GGT&
$%&$%:3 &$13% 2%$G U
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0oo1e)s $a( Determining the Spring
Constant
Fig. 1/.: Plot o! the "#rin constant
;k2&$3T&$1G>
&$&2 &$&1 &$&: &$&? &$& &$& &$&3 &$&G &$% &$%%
2$?
2
%$?
%
&$?
&
!;*> 2:$2G* Q &$%?
R %
!;*> 2:$3%* Q &$21
R &$GG
#pring 0onstant
"ensor Based
Linear ;"ensor
Based>
Manually Meas
0hange in $ength ,
Force
Correlation &$GG?3:
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Simple 0armonic Motion of a 45 grams (eigths in a
&m $a*orator Spring
Fig. 11.: Plot o! the /heoretical and )*#erimental Positiothe 'scillator
& &$? % %$? 2 2$?&$&2
&$&1
&$&:
&$&?
&$&
&$&
&$&3
#i,ple (ar,onic otion
Readin !rom the "ensor /heoretical Position
Ti,e s
Position ,
"mallest D
2$%&)&7ihest Di.
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Phase Space of the Mass during the Oscillatio
Fig. 12.: Plot o! the )*#erimental and /heoretical
Phase "#ace
&$&1 &$&: &$&: &$&? &$&? &$& &$& &$& &$&&$&1
&$&1
&$&:
&$&:
&$&?
&$&?
&$&
&$&
&$&
&$&
Phase #pace
Readin !rom the "ensor /heoretical Position
-elocity ,s
Position ,
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9eal Time Plot of Simple 0armonic Motion
Fig. 13.: 0enerated -ure !rom the actual realtime #lottin$
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Smoothed Data * means of Mo'ing A'erage
Fig. 14.: "moothed data 5ith-ltered
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Conclusion
/he used o! 0izduino Microcontroller Atmea123 and "e+rouht a sim#le and #recise methods o! data ac4uisitionClassical /ime De#endent Physics )*#eriments$
/he adantae on the use electronics and #roramminthe students on technical kno5lede and skills$
8nitially the data ac4uired are #recise 5ith a lesser uncethe theoretical alues o! the #hysical 4uantity$
/he use o! the microcontroller and sensors are Fe*i+le thit to +e a##lied and use at di.erent -elds o! a##lication$
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:or1 in Progress
8m#roisation o! Rotational Dis#lacement "ensor8m#roisation o! Photoate and Photo8nterru#ter
Fig. 15."etu#
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/hank Kou