Use of Autoantibodies to detect the onset of breast cancer

Use of Autoantibodies to Detect the Onset of Breast

Cancer

指導老師：林孟亮 老師報告人：邱以涵 學號： 100007411

CONTENTSintroduce of breast cancerscreening and testingfigure from paperstatistical data from paperconclusionreference

Breast CancerThe term “breast cancer” refers to a malignant tumor that has developed from cells in the breast. Usually breast cancer either begins in the cells of the lobules, which are the milk-producing glands, or the ducts, the passages that drain milk from the lobules to the nipple. Less commonly, breast cancer can begin in the stromal tissues, which include the fatty and fibrous connective tissues of the breast.

genetic abnormality 5-10%

aging process and the “wear and tear” of life in general 85-90%

主要因素 次要因素• 女性 • 家庭病史• 年齡

• 病理變化• BRCAl/BRCA2 基因突變

• 早來經 (12 歲前 ) ，晚停經(55 歲後 )

• 不育或 30 歲後生育

• 女性素服用者• 每天喝酒• 高膽固脂

Screening & Testing

mammogramMagnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)biopsy

MammogramCalcifications: Calcifications are tiny flecks of calcium —can sometimes indicate the presence of an early breast cancer.

Cysts: cysts are fluid-filled masses in the breast. Cysts are very common and are rarely associated with cancer.

Fibroadenomas: Fibroadenomas are movable, solid, rounded lumps made up of normal breast cells. Fibroadenomas are the most common kind of breast mass, especially in young women.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)

a technology that uses magnets and radio waves to produce detailed cross-sectional images of the inside of the body. MRI does not use X-rays, so it does not involve any radiation exposure.

screening high-risk women

gathering more information about an area of suspicion found on a mammogram

monitoring for recurrence after treatment

Breast MRI is not a perfect tool. Although it is generally considered more sensitive than mammography, it also can miss some cancers that would be detected by mammography. That is why breast MRI is recommended only in combination with other tests, such as mammogram or ultrasound.

Biopsy

DCIS:ductal carcinoma in situLCIS:lobular carcinoma in situ

PBC:primary breast cancerIBC:invasive breast cancer

HC:healthy controlBBL:benign breast lesionsAID:autoimmune disease

SERPA:serological proteome analysis

SEREX:serological identification of antigens by recombinant

expression cloning

The targets for the immune system are antigens present on cancer cells; however, many are not cancer-specific and may

also be found on normal tissues. These antigens are often products of mutated cellular genes, aberrantly expressed

normal genes, or genes encoding viral proteins.

• differentiation antigens (such as melanocyte differentiation antigens)

• mutational antigens (such as p53)

• overexpressed cellular antigens (such as HER2)

• viral antigens (such as human papillomavirus proteins)

• cancer testis antigens (such as MAGE and NY-ESO-1).

Tumor-Associated Antigens (TAAs)

DCIS:ductal carcinoma in situLCIS:lobular carcinoma in situ

PBC:primary breast cancerIBC:invasive breast cancer

HC:healthy controlBBL:benign breast lesionsAID:autoimmune disease

SERPA:serological proteome analysis

SEREX:serological identification of antigens by recombinant

expression cloning

Luminex

p53:Mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene is the most frequent abnormality in various human tumors.

c-myc:the tumor cases show increased c-myc mRNA expression are negative for estrogen receptor (ER-).

HER2:epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family and is amplified in about 20–30% of human breast cancer biopsies.

TAA composition

NY-ESO-1:Cancer testis antigens in malignancy, this gene regulation is disrupted, resulting in CT antigen expression in a proportion of tumors.

BRCA1&BRCA2 ： BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations account for about 20 to 25 percent of hereditary breast cancers and about 5 to 10 percent of all breast cancers .

MUC1:MUC1 (mucin 1, cell surface associated) is a protein-coding gene,expressed on the apical surface of epithelial cells.

TAA composition

TAA compositionhnRNPF:heterogeneous nuclear ribo-nucleoprotein F.The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins that regulate mRNA metabolism and transport. FTH1:ferritin, heavy polypeptide 1. FTH1 was an integral part of an immunomodulatory network of cytokine signaling, adaptive immunity, and cell death.

Conclusion

The most significant hope may be the use of such a signature for detection of cancers to which patients are predisposed by monitoring autoantibody profiles before the first clinical manifestation of symptom.

Referencejournals:

Tumor-Associated Antigens in Breast Cancer.(2012).Carmen Criscitiello.

c-myc in breast cancer.(2000).D J Liao and R B Dickson.

Cancer/testis antigens: an expanding family of targets for cancer immunotherapy.(2002).Scanlan MJ, Gure A, Jungbluth AA, Old LJ, Chen YT.

websites:

http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/01/05/81/49/PDF/VA_MUSTAFA_MOHAMMAD_ZAHID_25062014.pdf

http://cancerimmunity.org/serex/methodology/

http://www.lifetechnologies.com/tw/zt/home/life-science/cell-analysis/immunoassays/luminex-assays.html

http://p53.free.fr/our_work/p53_Abs.html

NY-ESO-1 vaccine

NY-ESO-1, one of tumor specific antigens, is expressed in 33% esophageal cancer and 22% gastric cancer, but not in normal tissues. NY-ESO-1 antigen is supposed to be useful for cancer vaccine which induces anti-tumor specific effects followed by induction of antigen specific immune responses.

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