Use of administrative data at Statistics Finland Ilkka Hyppönen Statistics Finland.

Use of administrative data at Statistics Finland

Ilkka Hyppönen

Statistics Finland

11.8.2005 2Ilkka Hyppönen

Structure of presentation:

Statistics based on registers

Use of administrative data

Enterprise statistics

Other econ stat

Population and social statistics

Other statistics

General considerationsSystems considerations


Register based statistics production


is closely linked with

Register based statistics production philosophy


Business Register

Population Register

Buildings and Dwellings Register

Population, IDs, classifications, some basic data

Various base statistics

Concepts Data

Statistical systems (like SNA)

Statistics' production based on registers

Statistics basedon registers


Business Register

Population Register

Buildings and Dwellings Register

Organization numberTax authorities

Establishment numberStatistics Finland

ID-systemsin 1990’s (1980’s)

Personal Identification number

Population register center

ID-systemsin 1960’s

Building / apartment number

Population register center


Statistical Base registers



Register of educationalinstitutions

Register ofqualificationsand degrees

Organization numberTax authorities

Establishment numberStatistics Finland

ID-systemsin 1990’s (1980’s)

Personal Identification number

Statistics Finland


Statistical Base registers



ID number = identifier schemes essential

Unique identifier schemes Wide usage in administration, in enterprises, in pension

schemes, in hospitals, in schools etc. Some kind of BASIC register (mother register) for assigning ID-

numbers (in administration)

Without unique ID’s use of administrative data difficult or impossible: - definite identification impossible - double counting



Statistical units

employee

Legal unitEstablishment

Employer

age, sex, wages, occupation, living address Through links: Qualification / degree, ... activity, location of work

place, ...

activity code, location, ...

Statistics basedon registers relationship

link for multi-establishment firms from direct survey

Building

Educationalinstitution


Statistical units and attributes (data) derived through links


For population statistics: for persons: NACE, location of work place, size of enterprise where works etc.

For business statistics: for enterprises: Number of employees, wages per employee,

structure of work force: sex, occupation, education, ..

For educational statistics: For educational institutions / curricula: ex-students: where they work, occupations, level of income ...


PreconditionsUniversal ID-chemes-Persons-Organisations-Buildings, apartments

Acceptance by the people, businesses and administration

WIDE use

Strict confidentiality in statistics

Up-to-date legislation - statistical law - personal information protection

Well developedIT infrastructurein administration

Possibility to use in statistics,

alsoto

COMBINE



Use of administrative data in statistics


Main reasons for using admin data are - reduction of response burden - reduction of costs of statistics - to have total populations ---> more detailed classifications are possible ---> more reliable “totals”The Finnish Statistics act: It is compulsory to use existing data (if suitable). State government and social security institutions are obliged to deliver the data they have to Statistics Finland

Reasons



The administrative concepts are very seldom exactly the same as the statistical concepts

Essential is, whether administrative concept correlates closely enough to the statistical concept. If so,

the development or the state of the social phenomena can be described using administrative dataor the statistical variable can be estimated from the administrative variable / variables

It is essential to change the way of thinking



Use of administrative registers and data in statistics:

About 94 % of INPUT data at StatFi comes from administrative sources (as measured in number of

stat units times number of variables)

Typically there is some direct data collectionin every business statistics

Typically direct data collection isONLY from large enterprises

For local government units,direct data collection is typical



Data collection in 2004 for official statistics (includes all statistics)

Total number of data collections: 189 - administrative data: 73 - interview 8 - other direct data collection 108 - on paper 35 - on WEB forms 41 - in electronic form (files etc) 32

paper, WEB and electronic form are double counted to some extent



By statistical area

Enterprise statistics


Enterprise statisticsOther economic statisticsPopulation and social statisticsOther statistics


Number of enterprises Direct collection Administrative

data

Structural Business Statistics 8000 180 000

Business Register 32000 over 250 000

Short Term Business Statisticsturnover 2000 250 000wages and salaries 350 90 000

Even for enterprises in direct collection some data are taken from administrative sources

Direct collection vs. use of administrative Datafrom tax authorities in statistics on enterprises

Use of administrative data: Enterprise statistics


Common accounting data surveys with Bank of Finland and the Financial Supervision Authority --> Administrative data where Statistics Finland has had a considerable influence

Financial statistics



VAT value added tax declarations data (monthly) --> turnover (STS) ---> estimates of turnover class (Business register)

Employers wage payment data (monthly) --> wages and salaries (STS) --> estimates of number of employees (Business register)

Company tax (yearly accounts) --> turnover etc. (SBS, Business register)

Employers declaration on wages and salaries paid for each employee (yearly) --> estimates of man-years (Business register)

Customer register of Tax authorities --> names, addresses, ... (Business reg.)

Individual tax forms --> income, expenditure, assets, … (agricultural enterprises)

Use of tax data in business statistics



Building permits, starts, completions --> floor area of building permits, new orders of housing construction (STS)

Location co-ordinates (Business register)

Use of population register centre data for enterprise statistics

Use of population statistics data for enterprise statistics

Use of employment statistics data (occupation, education) in estimates of man-years (Business register)



Enterprise group relationships from public accounts of the groups Manual data

Use of trade register data for business register

Use of vehicle register data for goods transport statistics on roads

The sampling unit is a heavy goods transport vehicle The sampling frame is the vehicle register It gives names and addresses and data on the vehicle



Other economic statistics

By statistical area

Use of administrative data: Other econ stat


Prices of dwellings (property transfer tax data)

Real estate prices (National Land Survey)

Telecommunications (partly admin data)

Patenting (patent register)

Use of energy (partly private sources)

Use of administrative data in other economic statistics



State and local government (pension institutions) Private employers’ organisations (for about half of the number of wage earners)

Use of wage statistics of employers’ organisations



Population and social statistics

Underlying all statistics on persons and households, is all the combined data from population register, register of buildings and dwellings taxation of income and property of persons, pension schemes, register of qualifications and degrees, and employment statisticsData in these registers / data files need not to be surveyed directly

Also underlying, where relevant, is the Business Register

By statistical area

Use of administrative data: popul and social stat


Population and housing

Population statistics (population register) Building and dwelling statistics (buildings and dwellings

register) Statistics on housing conditions (dwellings register,

population register)

Cause of death statistics (death certificates)



Employment statistics

pension insurance schemes (private, central and local government etc.)

pension registers taxation registers (employer-employee data, etc.) register of unemployed job-seekers military service register student registers register of qualifications and degrees Business Register, register of government units



Employment statistics (cont.)

Register of buildings and dwellings

Plus a direct survey on enterprises with multiple establishments and on government units to establish employee -- establishment link



Population census

Is produced in Employment statistics Population statistics Buildings and dwellings statistics and partly combining data from these statistics

andoccupation data (mostly administrative data / wage statistics data, partly surveyed directly)



Justice, education, culture

Statistics about justice and crime (16 different statistics / data from Ministry of Justice information systems)

Election statistics (data from Ministry of Justice information systems)

Education statistics (mostly direct data collection, partly administrative data)

Cultural statistics (data from various authorities)



Other social statistics

Income distribution statistics (various admin data combined with survey data)Income and property statistics (tax data)Household assets (tax data, survey data)

occupational accident statistics (accident insurance institutions)



Other statistics

By statistical area

Use of administrative data: Other statistics


Use of waste data of the The Compliance Monitoring Data System of the Finnish Environment Institute

Waste statistics / manufacturing, Air emissions

Motor vehicle stockMotor vehicle new registrations

Use of administrative data: Other statistics

Use of Motor Vehicle Register data

Use of Police incident recording systemroad traffic accidents


Coordination, cooperation

Use of administrative data: general

Meetings at DG levelwith ministries and otherauthorities

Register pool permanent co-operationbetween major registerholders

Co-operation officersat Statistics Finland


Coordination, cooperation (cont.)

A major achievement:

SBS have a common form on yearly

profit and loss account and balance sheet

with the Tax authorities

To influence the contents of administrative data -- e.g. classification of buildings -- inclusion of statistical classifications e.g. NACE -- other contents



Problems

Concepts --> administrative

Data contents --> - only those relevant to the authority in question

Slow (typically)

Not under our own control --> strong dependence --> need for co-operation

Problems and advantages of administrative sources

Advantages Total populations

--> representative--> detailed classification of units--> also small area statistics

Only marginal costs

No response burden

Is deemed rational by the society



Problems

Administrative simplification efforts --> reduce data contents--> reduce periodicity

Final VAT, Intrastat, ...

General attitudes--> against registration of persons

EU / harmonisation may lead to changes in administration --> changes in data systems AND lines of action in administration

Future

ActionsIncreasing co-operation with

administration

Probably increasing direct data collection (speed, data contents)

Increasing methodological work (like imputation for missing variables)



Present situation

Identifiers of statistical units

Common identifiers used in all data systems

Data systems

Basically “separate system for each statistics” ; “stove-pipe” approach

Classifications

Basically taken from base registers

Statistical units

Basically taken from base registers

Information system architecture

Data copied from one system to

another Basically, “shared” data is copied to

each data system (usually no update anomaly)

Business register has about 300 users (of 600 persons employed in statistics divisions)

In population statistics, price statistics, labour force survey, national accounts, business statistics, etc.

Use of administrative data: systems


Present situation


Administrative data are acquired by the “responsibility area” which primarily uses the data

This organisational unit is the “owner” of these data -- data security, support for other uses etc. Other users apply for a permit to use the data or the data derived from the original data

Information management

Use of administrative data: systems

Use of administrative data at Statistics Finland Ilkka Hyppönen Statistics Finland.

Documents

population statistics

business statistics

educational statistics

social statistics

links statistics

official statistics

costs of statistics

ilkka hyppnen data collection