Reproduced by: Regional Agriculture and Fisheries Information Division DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Regional Field Unit IX E-mail:[email protected]website:http://www.da.gov.ph Source: Rice Technology Bulletin Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) Science City of Muñoz, 3119 Nueva Ecija Tel: (044) 456-0113, -0258, -0277 Tel/Fax: (044) 456-0112; -0651 local 512; -0652 local 515 E-mail: [email protected]Website: http://www.philrice.gov.ph
6
Embed
Use healthy transplants. Make sure that your transplants ...zambo.da.gov.ph/images/IEC/RootKnotManagementinRiceBasedCropping.pdf · beans, winged beans, okra, tomato, bell pepper,
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Reproduced by:
Regional Agriculture and Fisheries Information DivisionDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
In1994,thepestwasdiscoveredtobeinfectingonionsgrownafterriceinCentralLuzonthroughPhilRice-IntegratedPestManagementCollaborativeResearchandSupportProgram,aUSAIDfundedproject.Thediseasehasbeenrecorded inmajorityof theonionfields (72%) in IlocosNorte,Pangasinan,NuevaVizcaya,andNuevaEcija.Thediseasewasalsodetectedin50%ofricefieldsinthecentralplains.
Root-knot nematode emerged as a serious pest problem in onion-producingprovinces. Thewidespreaddistributionofnematodepopulation,owingtocontinuouspracticeofrice-onionrotation,hindersamoreproductive
Apply management options before growing onions such as weeding of onion field and good land preparation to reduce nematode population at the early stage of the crop.
An integrated program incorporating different options help rice-oniongrowersinkeepingthenematodepopulationsbelowdamaginglevels.Mana-gingroot-knotdiseasesismoreeffectivethroughawell-plannedandefficientlyimplemented cropping calendar. This calendar contains schedule for farmactivitiesforcropestablishmentuntilharvesttime.
When the soil is infestedwithM. graminicola, it is not economical tocontinuouslygrowcropsonthesamefieldwithoutinterventions.
Effects on Yield
Rainfed Rice
Meloidogyne graminicolamay reduce yields of rice by 10% for every120nematodesper10-daysoldseedlings.Susceptiblericemayreducegrainyieldashighas70%,when375ormorejuvenilesarepresentaroundyoungseedlingofsusceptiblevariety. Infestationmayreducethegrain yieldofsusceptibleuplandriceashighas70%,iftheplantsarenotprovidedwithpropernutrition.
Reduced number and bulb size of Tanduyong (result of inoculation experiment in the greenhouse)
Life Cycle of Root-Knot Nematode Theroot-knotnematodestartstomultiplywithanegglaidbyafemale.Theeggsareusuallyheldtogetherinamassinagelatinousmatrix,whichiseitherpartiallyorcompletelyembeddedintheroots.Inrice,aneggmassmaycontainmorethan500eggs.
The nematode enters the firstlarvalorjuvenilestage(J1)developingandmolting inside the egg. Eventually, thejuvenileinitssecondstage(J2)emergesfrom the eggbypuncturing the eggshellusing its stylet. The stylet is an organfoundinitsmouththatisusedforpiercingplantcellstoobtainnourishment.J2movesthroughthesoilandthentowardstheroots.Itpenetratestherootsjustbehindtheroottips.Insidetheroots,J2migratesinbetweenand inside the cells through the cortex,untilitfindsafeedingsite.ThenematodegrowsinsizeandundergoesmoltingstagetobecomeJ3andJ4.