Use Chapters 5 and 7 of textbook to define these words Chapter 5 Chapter 7 Imperialism Yellow Journalism Sphere of Influence Open Door Policy

Use Chapters 5 and 7 of textbook

to define these words

Chapter 5 Chapter 7

Imperialism

Yellow Journalism

Sphere of Influence

Open Door Policy

Guerrilla

Militarism

Nationalism

Propaganda

Espionage

Reparations

American Imperialism

Today’s Standards US.22 Assess the causes of American imperialism in the

late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the desire for raw materials and new markets, yellow journalism, and the desire to spread American democratic and moral ideals.

US. 24 Describe the consequences of American imperialism of the period, including the following events: (E, G, H, P)

· annexation of Hawaii

· Spanish-American War (Teller, Platt, and Foraker Acts)

· Philippine Insurrection

· Roosevelt Corollary

· Panama Canal

What is Imperialism?

Stronger nations attempt to build on their empire by dominating weaker nations

Believed that the more territory around the world you controlled the more secure your nation would be (military and economics)

Causes of ImperialismGeneral Causes

1.Need for Raw Materials, Extractive Economies- economies that extract resources from other areas of the world

2.Need for new markets to sell your products

3.Missionaries- teach non-Europeans how to be civilized,(“White Man’s Burden”)

Effects of Imperialism

1. New Markets (Economic Growth)2. Stronger Military (Military

Occupation)3. Unpopular Abroad

Assignment

Make a multiflow cart showing the causes and effects of Imperialism

America’s First Steps Towards

World Power1. Admiral Perry opens up Japan- sailed a fleet of warships into Tokyo Bay and convinced Japan to end its isolationism and sign trade agreement with America

2. Purchase of Alaska from Russia- purchased by Secretary of State William Seward for $7.2 million called “Seward’s Folly” and “Seward’s Icebox” but a few years later both gold and oil was discovered there

3. Annexation of Hawaii- American sugar and pineapple growers led by Samuel Dole overthrow the Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani and had the US annex the island

Today’s Standards US.22 Assess the causes of American imperialism in the

late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the desire for raw materials and new markets, yellow journalism, and the desire to spread American democratic and moral ideals.

US. 24 Describe the consequences of American imperialism of the period, including the following events: (E, G, H, P)

· annexation of Hawaii

· Spanish-American War (Teller, Platt, and Foraker Acts)

· Philippine Insurrection

· Roosevelt Corollary

· Panama Canal

Yellow Journalism

Sensational news coverage by emphasizing crime and scandal

Mostly used by William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer

Lead to an increase in newspaper sales

Hearst decides US needs to be in a war so he can sell more newspapers

11

Spanish America War Background• Who?

•Spain vs. America

Where? •Philippines, Cuba (Spain’s Colonies)

12

Background:

The PhilippinesCuba

USA

Causes of Spanish American War

1. Cuban rebels start revolution against Spain for independence

2. Hearst and other yellow journalists spread stories about cruelty of Spanish soldiers

3. Hearst published supposed letter from Spain’s ambassador to US that called President McKinley weak and stupid

4. USS Maine Explosion“You furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war”

William Randolph Hearst

Assignment With a partner read the Who Sunk the Maine

document. For each section answer the following questions

1. Who wrote or spoke the material?

2.What qualifications did that person have for making a judgment?

3.What information did the person have about the situation?

4.What stake might that person have in the outcome of the investigation?

When you finish reading all of the sections answer this questions

1. Who or what do you think sank the Maine ? Why?

Effects of Spanish American War

Spanish American War ended in December 1898 with signing of Treaty of Paris

1.US becomes a world power

2.America gains all of Spain’s former colonies including The Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam

3.Cuba wins independence, Teller Amendment stated that U.S. could not annex Cuba

4.Platt Amendment- US gets control of Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, Cuba had to sign special trade deals with USA before troops would leave

Review Questions

Use your notes and Chapter 5 of your textbook to answer the following questions

1.What were two causes of American Imperialism? What were two effects of American Imperialism?

2.Define yellow journalism.

3.What were two causes of the Spanish American War?

4.What territories did America gain from Spain after the Spanish American War?

Today’s Standards

US. 24 Describe the consequences of American imperialism of the period, including the following events: (E, G, H, P)

· annexation of Hawaii

· Spanish-American War (Teller, Platt, and Foraker Acts)

· Philippine Insurrection

· Roosevelt Corollary

· Panama Canal

US and Latin American

US after the Spanish American War looked to take a greater role of power in Central and South America

Considered them part of our “Sphere of Influence”

Roosevelt used “Big Stick Diplomacy” when dealing with Latin America

Believed that America needed a large army to backup its demands of Latin America nations

Panama Canal Roosevelt believed US

needed a canal through the Isthmus of Panama to allow the US Navy to travel from one side of the country to the other quickly

Columbia refused to allow the US to build a canal on their land

Roosevelt backed a revolution that created the nation of Panama in return for the right to build the canal

Panama Canal Took 35,000 workers 6

years to construct the canal

5,ooo workers died from diseases and construction accidents (especially Malaria)

Cut the travel distance for a ship going from New York to San Francisco by 8,000 miles

US gave control of the canal back to Panama on January 1, 2000

Assignment

Get in your assigned group and complete the Cartoon Analysis Worksheet for your selected Imperialism Cartoon

Your group will explain your cartoon and its meaning to the class

The Great War (WWI)

Today’s Standards

US.26 Explain the causes of World War I in 1914 and the reasons for the initial declaration of United States’ neutrality.

US.28 Identify and explain the impact of the following events and people during World War I:

• Impact of trench warfare

• Use of new weapons and technologies

Causes of World War 1

1. Nationalism- extreme belief in the superiority of your country

2. Tension among ethnic groups in multicultural nations

3. Imperialism led to an Arms Race among European nations

4. Alliance linked nations and their defense together

5. Assassination of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife by Serbian nationals led to a series of events that caused the alliances to take effect

Assignment

Make a bubble map showing the causes of WWI

The Allies (Triple Entente)

1. Great Britain

2. France

3. Russia

The Central Powers

1. Germany

2. Austria-Hungary

3. Ottoman Empire

Introduction to Modern Warfare Both sides dug trenches

and used them to stage their attacks

New weapons (tanks, machine guns, chemical weapons) led to huge increase in the casualty totals in each battle

Western Front- 450 miles of trenches between France, Belgium, and Germany (deadliest spot in the war)

Trench Warfare

Trench Warfare

Trench Warfare

Stalemate Trench warfare led to a stalemate (no

advantage for either side) because the defensive weapons were better than the offensive weapons

One side would gain a few feet of territory and than lose it a few days later

Soldiers developed conditions like trench foot as a result of standing in muddy ground full of bacteria

“No Man’s Land” area between the trench where most of the solders died when they had to “go over the top” (2 million died in first few months of the war)

Trench Foot

Assignment On the map handed out Use map on page195 to locate and label the

following countries 1.Great Britain2.France3.Germany4.Russia5.Italy6.Serbia7.Austria-Hungry8.Ottoman EmpireAlso label each country as either Allied or Central

Power

Today’s Standards US.26 Explain the causes of World War I in 1914 and the

reasons for the initial declaration of United States’ neutrality.

US.27 Justify with supporting detail from text, the reasons for American entry into World War I, including the use of unrestricted submarine warfare by the Germans, the Zimmerman Note, the defense of democracy, and economic motivations.

US. 28 Identify and explain the impact of the following events and people during World War I:

• Alvin C. York

US.30 Analyze the political, economic, and social ramifications of World War I on the home front, including the role played by women and minorities, voluntary rationing, the Creel Committee, opposition by conscientious objectors, and the case of Schenck v. United States.

Three Groups of American Opinion

about the War1. Isolationists- War was not America’s

problem, and America should not become involved

2. Interventionists- War did affect the nation’s interests and America should join the Allies

3. Internationalists- “middle ground” US should help the Allies but not fight in the war

US Pushed Towards War

Several events led to US involvement in WW1

1. US Banks had loaned millions of dollars to the Allies

2. Unconditional Submarine warfare by Germany on US merchant ships

3. German U-boat sinks the passenger liner the Lusitania killing 128 Americans

4. British agents intercept the Zimmerman Telegram in which Germany asked Mexico to attack the US in return for their former land in the western US

5. USA declares war on Germany after the Zimmerman Telegram

Assignment Put the following events in order using a flow

map

The United States Enter World War I

World War I begins

The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife by Serbian rebels

Germany sends Mexico the Zimmerman telegram

The Sinking of the Lusitania by German U-boats

Building an Army Selective Service Act- draft of young men for military service

By end of war 24 million had registered and 2.8 had been drafted into service

Many Americans resisted draft (12 percent of draftees refused to report for service)

Conscientious Objectors- people whose religious or moral views do not allow them to fight in a war

Schenck v. United States- Supreme Court case over the distribution of antidraft pamphlets, distributors charged under espionage act

Court ruled that first amendment did not apply because the actions represented a crime and a “clear and present danger” to the nation

Alvin C York

From Pall Mall, TN

Originally was a Conscientious Objector

Won the Congressional Medal of Honor for his actions in the Battle of Argonne Forrest

Along with 16 other Americans captured 32 German machine guns, killed 28 Germans, and captured 132 Germans

Today’s Standards US.30 Analyze the political, economic, and social

ramifications of World War I on the home front, including the role played by women and minorities, voluntary rationing, the Creel Committee, opposition by conscientious objectors, and the case of Schenck v. United States.

US. 28 Identify and explain the impact of the following events and people during World War I:

• Major turning points

• Herbert Hoover

• John J. Pershing and the American Expeditionary Force

• Doughboys

The Home Front The war had the following effects on the home front

1.War Industries Board- organized industries and farmers in the production and distribution of war supplies (ex. weapons and food)

2. Propaganda Posters used by government to encourage compliance with war effort and recruit volunteer soldiers (Creel Committee on Public Information)

3. Women replaced men in factories

4.Great Migration- African Americans moved from the south to the north to find work in factories (stayed in north after the war)

5. Rationing of goods at home like rubber and sugar

6. Selling of War Bonds to help pay for the war

Today’s Standards

US.29 Analyze the aims and negotiating roles of world leaders, including Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points, and the causes and effects of the United States’ rejection of the League of Nations on world politics.

End of the War

USA only engaged in major combat in the war for eight months (March 1918-November 1918)

War ended when the Germans surrendered on a railway car in Compiegne, France on November 11, 1918

Wilson’s 14 Points

President Wilson wanted a Peace Treaty based on 14 key points some of the key ones were:

1.No secret alliances among nations

2.Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas

3.The end of colonies around the world

4.Self-determination for all ethnic groups on what nation they should belong to

5.League of Nations to peacefully settle disputes and avoid future wars

Treaty of Versailles

1.Germany had to pay reparations (money for losses during the war) to all allied nations

2.Creation of several new countries from land formerly held by Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire

3.Allies only agreed to one of President Wilson’s suggestions (to create the League of Nations)

Europe Before WW1

Europe After WWI

America Rejects the League of

Nations Isolationists led by Republicans led by Henry Cabot

Lodge thought the League of Nations would entangle America in European problems and opposed the treaty (isolationists)

America eventually signed a separate treaty with Germany and never joined the League of Nations (League of Nations weaken because of this)