AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2001 34 Structure of the Force USAF Almanac ■ The Air Force in Facts and Figures USAF air superiority fighter for the future: Three F-22 Raptors sit on the flight line at Edwards AFB, Calif. F-22 Team photo How the Air Force Is Organized There is considerable variation in how the major commands and subordinate units of the Air Force are organized. This overview describes the typical organization chain. The Department of Defense (DOD) is a Cabinet agency headed by the Secretary of Defense. It was created in 1947 to consoli- date pre-existing military agencies—the War Department and the Navy Department. Sub- ordinate to DOD are the three military de- partments (Army, Navy, and Air Force), each headed by a civilian secretary. The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) consti- tute the corporate military leadership of DOD. The chairman and vice chairman of the JCS serve full-time in their positions. The service chiefs are the military heads of their respective services, although JCS responsibilities take precedence. The Department of the Air Force is headed by the Secretary of the Air Force, who is supported by a staff called the Secretariat. The Chief of Staff, USAF, heads the Air Staff, and the military heads of the major commands report to the Chief of Staff. Most units of the Air Force are assigned to one of the major commands. Major commands are headed by general officers and have broad functional responsibili- ties. Commands may be divided into num- bered air forces. The fundamental unit of the working Air Force is the wing. The typical air force base is built around a wing. Until recently, most wings were headed by colonels but now are usually under the command of a general officer. An objective wing typi- cally contains an operations group, which includes aircrews, intelligence units, and others; a logistics group, which can in- clude maintenance and supply squadrons; a support group, which can include such functions as security forces and civil en- gineers; and a medical group. Most individual officers and airmen are assigned to a squadron, which may be composed of several flights. In addition to these, there are numer- ous others, including centers, field oper- ating agencies, and direct reporting units.
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AIR FORCE Magazine / May 200134
Structure of theForce
USAFAlmanac■ The Air Force in Facts and Figures
USAF air superiority fighter for the future: Three F-22 Raptors sit on the flight line at Edwards AFB, Calif.
F-2
2 T
ea
m p
ho
t o
How the Air Force Is Organized
There is considerable variation in how themajor commands and subordinate units ofthe Air Force are organized. This overviewdescribes the typical organization chain.
The Department of Defense (DOD) is aCabinet agency headed by the Secretary ofDefense. It was created in 1947 to consoli-date pre-existing military agencies—the WarDepartment and the Navy Department. Sub-ordinate to DOD are the three military de-partments (Army, Navy, and Air Force),each headed by a civilian secretary.
The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) consti-tute the corporate military leadership ofDOD. The chairman and vice chairman ofthe JCS serve full-time in their positions.The service chiefs are the military heads
of their respective services, although JCSresponsibilities take precedence.
The Department of the Air Force isheaded by the Secretary of the Air Force,who is supported by a staff called theSecretariat. The Chief of Staff, USAF,heads the Air Staff, and the military headsof the major commands report to the Chiefof Staff.
Most units of the Air Force are assignedto one of the major commands. Majorcommands are headed by general officersand have broad functional responsibili-ties. Commands may be divided into num-bered air forces.
The fundamental unit of the workingAir Force is the wing. The typical air force
base is built around a wing. Until recently,most wings were headed by colonels butnow are usually under the command of ageneral officer. An objective wing typi-cally contains an operations group, whichincludes aircrews, intelligence units, andothers; a logistics group, which can in-clude maintenance and supply squadrons;a support group, which can include suchfunctions as security forces and civil en-gineers; and a medical group.
Most individual officers and airmen areassigned to a squadron, which may becomposed of several flights.
In addition to these, there are numer-ous others, including centers, field oper-ating agencies, and direct reporting units.
AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2001 35
The title General of the Army for Henry H. Arnold was changed to General of the Air Force by an Act of Congress May 7, 1949. The position of Chief of Staff wasestablished by a DOD–approved Army–Air Force Transfer Order issued Sept. 28, 1947.aThe Army Air Corps became a subordinate element of the Army Air Forces June 20, 1941. Since the Army Air Corps had been established by statute in 1926, itsdisestablishment required an act of Congress, which did not take place until 1947. Between March 9, 1942, and Sept. 18, 1947, the Army Air Corps continued toexist as a combatant arm, and personnel of the Army Air Forces were still assigned to the Army Air Corps.
Designation
Aeronautical Division, US Signal CorpsAug. 1, 1907–July 18, 1914
Aviation Section, US Signal CorpsJuly 18, 1914–May 20, 1918
Division of Military Aeronautics,Secretary of WarMay 20, 1918–May 24, 1918
Army Air ServiceMay 24, 1918–July 2, 1926
Army Air CorpsJuly 2, 1926–Sept. 18, 1947a
Army Air ForcesJune 20, 1941–Sept. 18, 1947
United States Air ForceSept. 18, 1947
Commander (at highest rank)
Chief, Aeronautical DivisionCapt. Charles deForest ChandlerCapt. Arthur S. CowanCapt. Charles deForest ChandlerMaj. Samuel Reber
Chief, Aviation SectionLt. Col. Samuel ReberLt. Col. George O. SquierLt. Col. John B. Bennet
Director of Military AeronauticsMaj. Gen. William L. Kenly(Kept same title three months intoabsorption by Air Service)
Director of Air ServiceJohn D. RyanMaj. Gen. Charles T. Menoher
Chief of Air ServiceMaj. Gen. Charles T. MenoherMaj. Gen. Mason M. Patrick
Chief of Air CorpsMaj. Gen. Mason M. PatrickMaj. Gen. James E. FechetMaj. Gen. Benjamin D. FouloisMaj. Gen. Oscar WestoverMaj. Gen. Henry H. Arnold
Chief, Army Air ForcesLt. Gen. Henry H. Arnold
Commanding General, AAFGen. of the Army Henry H. ArnoldGen. Carl A. Spaatz
March 9, 1942–Feb. 9, 1946Feb. 9, 1946–Sept. 26, 1947
Sept. 26, 1947–April 29, 1948
The Nation’s Air Arm and Its Early Leaders
A trio of legendary leaders: Gen.H.H. “Hap” Arnold, Commanding
General of the Army Air Forces, isjoined at a ceremony in Luxembourg
in 1945 by Gen. Carl A. Spaatz(center) and Maj. Gen. Hoyt
Vandenberg (right). Spaatz went onto become the first Chief of Staff of
the US Air Force. Vandenbergsucceeded him in 1948.
AIR FORCE Magazine / May 200136
USAFLeaders Through the Years
USAF Chiefs of Staff
Gen. Carl A. SpaatzGen. Hoyt S. VandenbergGen. Nathan F. TwiningGen. Thomas D. WhiteGen. Curtis E. LeMayGen. John P. McConnellGen. John D. RyanGen. George S. BrownGen. David C. JonesGen. Lew Allen Jr.Gen. Charles A. GabrielGen. Larry D. WelchGen. Michael J. DuganGen. John Michael Loh (acting)Gen. Merrill A. McPeakGen. Ronald R. FoglemanGen. Ralph E. Eberhart (acting)Gen. Michael E. Ryan
Gen. John Michael LohGen. Joseph W. RalstonLt. Gen. Brett M. Dula (acting)Gen. Richard E. HawleyGen. Ralph E. EberhartGen. John P. Jumper
June 22, 1995Feb. 27, 1996
April 4, 1996June 11, 1999
Feb. 8, 2000
Secretaries of the Air Force
Stuart SymingtonThomas K. FinletterHarold E. TalbottDonald A. QuarlesJames H. Douglas Jr.Dudley C. SharpEugene M. ZuckertHarold BrownRobert C. Seamans Jr.John L. McLucas (acting)John L. McLucasJames W. Plummer (acting)Thomas C. ReedJohn C. StetsonHans Mark (acting)Hans MarkVerne OrrRussell A. RourkeEdward C. Aldridge Jr. (acting)Edward C. Aldridge Jr.James F. McGovern (acting)John J. Welch Jr. (acting)Donald B. RiceMichael B. Donley (acting)Gen. Merrill A. McPeak (acting)Sheila E. WidnallF. Whitten Peters (acting)F. Whitten PetersLawrence J. Delaney (acting)
Gen. Hoyt S. VandenbergGen. Muir S. FairchildLt. Gen. Lauris Norstad (acting)Gen. Nathan F. TwiningGen. Thomas D. WhiteGen. Curtis E. LeMayGen. Frederic H. Smith Jr.Gen. Willliam F. McKeeGen. John P. McConnellGen. William H. BlanchardLt. Gen. Hewitt T. Wheless (acting)Gen. Bruce K. HollowayGen. John D. RyanGen. John C. MeyerGen. Horace M. WadeGen. Richard H. EllisGen. William V. McBrideGen. Lew Allen Jr.Gen. James A. HillGen. Robert C. MathisGen. Jerome F. O’MalleyGen. Lawrence A. SkantzeGen. Larry D. WelchGen. John L. PiotrowskiGen. Monroe W. Hatch Jr.Gen. John Michael LohGen. Michael P.C. CarnsGen. Thomas S. Moorman Jr.Gen. Ralph E. EberhartGen. Lester L. LylesGen. John W. Handy
Chief Master Sergeants of the Air Force
CMSAF Paul W. AireyCMSAF Donald L. HarlowCMSAF Richard D. KislingCMSAF Thomas N. BarnesCMSAF Robert D. GaylorCMSAF James M. McCoyCMSAF Arthur L. AndrewsCMSAF Sam E. ParishCMSAF James C. BinnickerCMSAF Gary R. PfingstonCMSAF David J. CampanaleCMSAF Eric W. BenkenCMSAF Frederick J. Finch
July 31, 1977July 31, 1979July 31, 1981July 31, 1983
June 30, 1986July 31, 1990Oct. 25, 1994Nov. 4, 1996
July 30, 1999
AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2001 37
Established March 21, 1946. Reassigned to Continental Air Command(1948). Discontinued July 1, 1950. Re-established as a major commandand organized Jan. 1, 1951. Redesignated Aerospace Defense CommandJan. 15, 1968. Inactivated March 31, 1980.
Air (Aerospace) Defense Command
Lt. Gen. George E. StratemeyerMaj. Gen. Gordon P. SavilleLt. Gen. Ennis C. WhiteheadGen. Benjamin W. ChidlawMaj. Gen. Frederic H. Smith Jr. (acting)Gen. Earle E. PartridgeLt. Gen. Joseph H. AtkinsonLt. Gen. Robert M. LeeMaj. Gen. Robert H. Terrill (acting)Lt. Gen. Herbert B. ThatcherLt. Gen. Arthur C. Agan Jr.Lt. Gen. Thomas K. McGeheeGen. Seth J. McKeeGen. Lucius D. Clay Jr.Gen. Daniel James Jr.Gen. James E. HillGen. James V. Hartinger
Formerly Air Force Communications Service. Redesignated Air Force Com-munications Command Nov. 15, 1979. Redesignated Air Force Command,Control, Communications, and Computer Agency, an FOA, July 1, 1991.
Maj. Gen. Harold W. GrantMaj. Gen. Kenneth P. BergquistMaj. Gen. J. Francis Taylor (acting)Maj. Gen. Richard P. KlockoMaj. Gen. Robert W. PaulsonMaj. Gen. Paul R. StoneyMaj. Gen. Donald L. WerbeckMaj. Gen. Rupert H. BurrisMaj. Gen. Robert E. SadlerMaj. Gen. Robert T. HerresMaj. Gen. Robert F. McCarthyMaj. Gen. Gerald L. PratherMaj. Gen. John T. StihlMaj. Gen. James S. Cassity Jr.Maj. Gen. Robert H. LudwigMaj. Gen. John S. Fairfield
See Electronic Security Command.
Air Force Intelligence Command
June 1, 1993Oct. 1, 1993
Maj. Gen. Gary W. O’ShaughnessyMaj. Gen. Kenneth A. Minihan
Oct. 1, 1991June 2, 1993
Organized as AAF Materiel and Services July 17, 1944. Redesignated AAFTechnical Service Command Aug. 31, 1944. Redesignated Air TechnicalService Command July 1, 1945. Redesignated Air Materiel CommandMarch 9, 1946. Redesignated Air Force Logistics Command April 1, 1961.Inactivated July 1, 1992.
Air Force Logistics Command
Lt. Gen. Nathan F. TwiningGen. Joseph T. McNarneyLt. Gen. Benjamin W. ChidlawGen. Edwin W. RawlingsLt. Gen. William F. McKee (acting)Gen. Samuel E. AndersonGen. William F. McKeeGen. Mark E. Bradley Jr.Gen. Kenneth B. HobsonGen. Thomas P. GerrityLt. Gen. Lewis L. Mundell (acting)Gen. Jack G. MerrellGen. Jack J. CattonGen. William V. McBrideGen. F. Michael RogersGen. Bryce Poe IIGen. James P. MullinsGen. Earl T. O’LoughlinGen. Alfred G. HansenGen. Charles C. McDonald
Maj. Gen. Rollin B. Moore Jr.Brig. Gen. Alfred Verhulst (acting)Maj. Gen. Homer I. LewisMaj. Gen. William LyonMaj. Gen. Richard BodycombeMaj. Gen. Sloan R. GillMaj. Gen. Roger P. ScheerMaj. Gen. John J. Closner IIIMaj. Gen. Robert A. McIntoshMaj. Gen. David R. Smith (acting)Maj. Gen. James E. Sherrard III
Formerly Air Force Reserve, AFRC became a major command Feb. 17, 1997.
Gen. James V. HartingerGen. Robert T. HerresMaj. Gen. Maurice C. PaddenLt. Gen. Donald J. KutynaLt. Gen. Thomas S. Moorman Jr.Gen. Donald J. KutynaGen. Charles A. HornerGen. Joseph W. AshyGen. Howell M. Estes IIIGen. Richard B. MyersGen. Ralph E. Eberhart
Lt. Gen. John K. CannonLt. Gen. Robert W. HarperMaj. Gen. Glenn O. Barcus (acting)Lt. Gen. Charles T. MyersLt. Gen. Frederic H. Smith Jr.Lt. Gen. James E. BriggsLt. Gen. Robert W. BurnsLt. Gen. William W. MomyerLt. Gen. Sam Maddux Jr.Lt. Gen. George B. SimlerLt. Gen. William V. McBrideLt. Gen. George H. McKeeGen. John W. RobertsGen. Bennie L. DavisGen. Thomas M. Ryan Jr.Gen. Andrew P. IosueLt. Gen. John A. ShaudLt. Gen. Robert C. OaksLt. Gen. Joseph W. AshyGen. Henry Viccellio Jr.Gen. Billy J. BolesGen. Lloyd W. NewtonGen. Hal M. Hornburg
July 29, 1981June 23, 1983Aug. 28, 1986June 6, 1988
June 25, 1990Dec. 10, 1992June 20, 1995
March 17, 1997June 22, 2000
Established as Army Air Corps Flying Training Command Jan. 23, 1942.Redesignated AAF Flying Training Command March 1942, then AAFTraining Command July 31, 1943. Redesignated ATC July 1, 1946.Redesignated AETC July 1, 1993.
AIR FORCE Magazine / May 200138
Air Force Special Operations Command
Maj. Gen. Thomas E. EggersMaj. Gen. Bruce L. FisterMaj. Gen. James L. Hobson Jr.Maj. Gen. Charles R. HollandLt. Gen. Maxwell C. Bailey
May 22, 1990June 30, 1991July 22, 1994
July 9, 1997Aug. 5, 1999
June 30, 1991July 22, 1994
July 9, 1997Aug. 5, 1999
Air Mobility Command
Gen. Hansford T. JohnsonGen. Ronald R. FoglemanGen. Robert L. RutherfordGen. Walter KrossGen. Charles T. Robertson Jr.
Aug. 22, 1992Oct. 17, 1994July 15, 1996Aug. 3, 1998
April 20, 1974Feb. 1, 1977April 1, 1981Nov. 1, 1988
Jan. 28, 1994Jan. 28, 1998
Col. William A.R. RobertsonMaj. Gen. George G. FinchMaj. Gen. Earl T. RicksMaj. Gen. Winston P. WilsonMaj. Gen. I.G. BrownMaj. Gen. John J. PeschMaj. Gen. John T. GuiceMaj. Gen. John B. ConawayMaj. Gen. Philip G. KilleyMaj. Gen. Donald W. ShepperdMaj. Gen. Paul A. Weaver Jr.
Air National Guard
Air Proving Ground Command
Designated a center December 1957.
August 1948June 1950July 1952April 1955July 1957
Maj. Gen. Carl A. BrandtMaj. Gen. William E. KepnerMaj. Gen. Bryant L. BoatnerMaj. Gen. Patrick W. TimberlakeMaj. Gen. Robert W. Burns
Maj. Gen. Muir S. FairchildMaj. Gen. Robert W. HarperGen. George C. KenneyLt. Gen. Idwal H. EdwardsMaj. Gen. John DeF. Barker (acting)Lt. Gen. Laurence S. KuterLt. Gen. Dean C. StrotherLt. Gen. Walter E. ToddLt. Gen. Troup Miller Jr.Lt. Gen. Ralph P. Swofford Jr.Lt. Gen. John W. Carpenter IIILt. Gen. Albert P. ClarkLt. Gen. Alvan C. Gillem IILt. Gen. F. Michael RogersLt. Gen. Raymond B. FurlongLt. Gen. Stanley M. UmsteadLt. Gen. Charles G. ClevelandLt. Gen. Thomas C. RichardsLt. Gen. Truman SpangrudLt. Gen. Ralph E. HavensMaj. Gen. David C. ReedLt. Gen. Charles G. BoydLt. Gen. Jay W. Kelley
Established as AAF School of Applied Tactics Oct. 16, 1943 (assumedhistory of Air Services School, dating from 1920). Redesignated AAF SchoolJune 1, 1945. Given Majcom status Nov. 29, 1945. Redesignated AU May12, 1946. Part of ATC between May 1978 and July 1983. Ceased to be aMajcom and was assigned to AETC July 1, 1993.
Air Force Systems Command
Formerly Air Research and Development Command. Redesignated Air ForceSystems Command April 1, 1961. Inactivated July 1, 1992.
Maj. Gen. David M. SchlatterLt. Gen. Earle E. PartridgeLt. Gen. Donald L. PuttLt. Gen. Thomas S. PowerMaj. Gen. John W. Sessums (acting)Lt. Gen. Samuel E. AndersonMaj. Gen. John W. Sessums (acting)Gen. Bernard A. SchrieverGen. James FergusonGen. George S. BrownGen. Samuel C. PhillipsGen. William J. EvansGen. Lew Allen Jr.Gen. Alton D. SlayGen. Robert T. MarshGen. Lawrence A. SkantzeGen. Bernard P. RandolphGen. Ronald W. Yates
Activated as Alaskan Air Force (1942). Redesignated Eleventh Air Force(1942). Redesignated Alaskan Air Command (1945). Redesignated 11th AirForce Aug. 9, 1990, under PACAF.
Aug. 31, 1983Sept. 26, 1985May 22, 1988Aug. 9, 1990
Brig. Gen. Joseph H. AtkinsonBrig. Gen. Frank A. Armstrong Jr.Maj. Gen. William D. OldBrig. Gen. W.R. AgeeMaj. Gen. George R. AchesonBrig. Gen. T. Alan Bennett (acting)Lt. Gen. Joseph H. AtkinsonMaj. Gen. Frank A. Armstrong Jr.Maj. Gen. James H. DaviesLt. Gen. Frank A. Armstrong Jr.Brig. Gen. Kenneth H. GibsonMaj. Gen. C.F. NecrasonBrig. Gen. Jack A. Gibbs (acting)Maj. Gen. Wendell W. BowmanCol. Alfred Walton (acting)Maj. Gen. James C. JensenMaj. Gen. Thomas E. MooreMaj. Gen. Joseph A. CunninghamMaj. Gen. Donavon F. SmithMaj. Gen. Charles W. Carson Jr.Col. David T. Stockman (acting)Maj. Gen. Jack K. GambleLt. Gen. James E. HillLt. Gen. M.L. BoswellLt. Gen. Winfield W. Scott Jr.Lt. Gen. Lynwood E. ClarkLt. Gen. Bruce K. BrownLt. Gen. David L. NicholsLt. Gen. Thomas G. McInerney
Col. Roy H. LynnCol. Travis M. HetheringtonMaj. Gen. Roy H. LynnMaj. Gen. Harold H. BassettMaj. Gen. Gordon L. BlakeMaj. Gen. John B. AckermanMaj. Gen. Millard LewisMaj. Gen. Richard P. KlockoMaj. Gen. Louis E. CoiraMaj. Gen. Carl W. StapletonMaj. Gen. Walter T. GalliganMaj. Gen. Howard P. SmithMaj. Gen. Kenneth D. BurnsMaj. Gen. Doyle E. LarsonMaj. Gen. John B. MarksMaj. Gen. Paul H. MartinMaj. Gen. Gary W. O’Shaughnessy
Headquarters Command
Established as Bolling Field Command (1946). Redesignated HeadquartersCommand, USAF, March 17, 1958. Inactivated in 1976.
Brig. Gen. Burton M. HoveyBrig. Gen. Sydney D. GrubbsBrig. Gen. Morris J. LeeBrig. Gen. Stoyte O. RossMaj. Gen. Reuben C. Hood Jr.Maj. Gen. Brooke E. AllenMaj. Gen. Rollen H. AnthisMaj. Gen. Milton B. AdamsMaj. Gen. Nils O. OhmanMaj. Gen. John L. LockeMaj. Gen. Maurice R. ReillyMaj. Gen. William C. Norris
Established Dec. 1, 1948. Inactivated Aug. 1, 1968.
Lt. Gen. George E. StratemeyerLt. Gen. Ennis C. WhiteheadMaj. Gen. Willis H. HaleLt. Gen. Leon W. JohnsonLt. Gen. Charles B. Stone IIILt. Gen. William E. HallLt. Gen. Gordon A. BlakeLt. Gen. Edward J. TimberlakeLt. Gen. Henry Viccellio Sr.
Gen. George C. KenneyGen. Curtis E. LeMayGen. Thomas S. PowerGen. John D. RyanGen. Joseph J. NazzaroGen. Bruce K. HollowayGen. John C. MeyerGen. Russell E. DoughertyGen. Richard H. EllisGen. Bennie L. DavisGen. Larry D. WelchGen. John T. ChainGen. George L. Butler
Established as Continental Air Forces Dec. 13, 1944. RedesignatedStrategic Air Command March 21, 1946. Inactivated June 1, 1992.
Tactical Air Command
Established March 21, 1946. Reassigned to Continental Air Command(1948). Removed from CAC and returned to major command status Dec. 1,1950. Inactivated June 1, 1992.
Lt. Gen. Elwood R. QuesadaMaj. Gen. Robert M. LeeMaj. Gen. Glenn O. BarcusGen. John K. CannonGen. Otto P. WeylandGen. Frank F. EverestGen. Walter C. Sweeney Jr.Gen. Gabriel P. DisoswayGen. William W. MomyerGen. Robert J. DixonGen. William L. CreechGen. Jerome F. O’MalleyGen. Robert D. RussGen. John Michael Loh
Activated as 8th Air Force (1942). Redesignated Eighth Air Force Sept. 18,1942. Redesignated US Strategic Air Forces in Europe (1944). Redesig-nated USAFE Aug. 7, 1945.
US Air Forces in Europe
Brig. Gen. John F. McBlain (acting)Lt. Gen. Curtis E. LeMayLt. Gen. John K. CannonGen. Lauris NorstadLt. Gen. William H. TunnerGen. Frank F. EverestGen. Frederic H. Smith Jr.Gen. Truman H. LandonGen. Gabriel P. DisoswayGen. Bruce K. HollowayGen. Maurice A. PrestonGen. Horace M. WadeGen. Joseph R. HolzappleGen. David C. JonesGen. John W. VogtGen. Richard H. EllisGen. William J. EvansGen. John W. PaulyGen. Charles A. GabrielGen. Billy M. MinterGen. Charles L. Donnelly Jr.Gen. William L. KirkGen. Michael J. DuganGen. Robert C. OaksGen. James L. JamersonGen. Richard E. HawleyGen. Michael E. RyanLt. Gen. William J. Begert (acting)Gen. John P. JumperGen. Gregory S. Martin
Maj. Gen. Lyman P. WhittenMaj. Gen. Charles T. MyersLt. Gen. Glenn O. Barcus
Oct. 6, 1950March 14, 1952
July 26, 1954
March 14, 1952July 26, 1954
March 31, 1957
Newfoundland Base Command, part of Military Air Transport Service,reorganized and redesignated Northeast Air Command, a new majorcommand, Oct. 1, 1950. Inactivated March 31, 1957.
Pacific Air Command/Seventh Air Force
Formerly Seventh Air Force. Redesignated Pacific Air Command Dec. 15,1947. Discontinued June 1, 1949.
Maj. Gen. Ralph H. WootenBrig. Gen. Robert F. Travis
Aug. 31, 1948June 1, 1949
April 1947Sept. 1, 1948
Military Airlift Command
Maj. Gen. Robert W. HarperLt. Gen. Laurence S. KuterLt. Gen. Joseph SmithLt. Gen. William H. TunnerGen. Joe W. Kelly Jr.Gen. Howell M. Estes Jr.Gen. Jack J. CattonLt. Gen. Jay T. Robbins (acting)Gen. Paul K. CarltonGen. William G. Moore Jr.Gen. Robert E. HuyserGen. James R. AllenGen. Thomas M. Ryan Jr.Gen. Duane H. CassidyGen. Hansford T. Johnson
June 1, 1948Oct. 28, 1951
June 30, 1958May 31, 1960July 18, 1964July 31, 1969
Antecedents: AAC Ferrying Command (1941); AAF Ferrying Command(1942); Air Transport Command (1942, inactivated June 1, 1948). MilitaryAir Transport Service established June 1, 1948. Redesignated Military AirliftCommand Jan. 1, 1966. In 1982, the inactivated Air Transport Commandwas consolidated with MAC. Inactivated June 1, 1992.
Pacific Air Forces
Lt. Gen. Ennis C. WhiteheadLt. Gen. George E. StratemeyerLt. Gen. Earle E. Partridge (acting)Gen. Otto P. WeylandGen. Earle E. PartridgeGen. Laurence S. KuterGen. Emmett O’Donnell Jr.Gen. Jacob E. SmartGen. Hunter Harris Jr.Gen. John D. RyanGen. Joseph J. NazzaroGen. Lucius D. Clay Jr.Gen. John W. VogtGen. Louis L. Wilson Jr.Lt. Gen. James A. HillLt. Gen. James D. HughesLt. Gen. Arnold W. BraswellGen. Jerome F. O’MalleyGen. Robert W. BazleyGen. Jack I. GregoryGen. Merrill A. McPeakLt. Gen. James B. DavisGen. Jimmie V. AdamsGen. Robert L. RutherfordGen. John G. LorberGen. Richard B. MyersGen. Patrick K. GambleLt. Gen. Lansford E. Trapp (acting)
Activated as Far East Air Forces Aug. 3, 1944. Redesignated Pacific AirCommand, US Army, Dec. 6, 1945. Redesignated FEAF Jan. 1, 1947.Redesignated Pacific Air Forces July 1, 1957.
AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2001 41
Activated as Panama Canal Air Force (1940). Redesignated Caribbean Air Force(1941). Redesignated 6th Air Force Feb. 5, 1942, then Sixth Air Force Sept. 18,1942. Redesignated Caribbean Air Command July 31, 1946. Redesignated US AirForces Southern Command July 8, 1963. Inactivated Jan. 1, 1976.
US Air Forces Southern Command/Caribbean
Maj. Gen. Hubert R. HarmonBrig. Gen. Glen C. Jamison (acting)Maj. Gen. Willis H. HaleBrig. Gen. Rosenham BeamBrig. Gen. Emil C. KielMaj. Gen. Reuben C. Hood Jr.Maj. Gen. Truman H. LandonMaj. Gen. Leland S. StranathanMaj. Gen. Robert A. BreitweiserMaj. Gen. Reginald J. ClizbeMaj. Gen. Kenneth O. SanbornMaj. Gen. Arthur G. SalisburyMaj. Gen. James M. Breedlove
Gen. of the Army Omar N. BradleyAdm. Arthur W. Radford, USNGen. Nathan F. Twining, USAFGen. Lyman L. Lemnitzer, USAGen. Maxwell D. Taylor, USAGen. Earle G. Wheeler, USAAdm. Thomas H. Moorer, USNGen. George S. Brown, USAFGen. David C. Jones, USAFGen. John W. Vessey Jr., USAAdm. William J. Crowe Jr., USNGen. Colin L. Powell, USAAdm. David Jeremiah, USN (acting)Gen. John M. Shalikashvili, USAGen. Henry H. Shelton, USA
Gen. Robert C. Kingston, USAGen. George B. Crist, USMCGen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf, USAGen. Joseph P. Hoar, USMCGen. J.H. Binford Peay III, USAGen. Anthony C. Zinni, USMCGen. Tommy R. Franks, USA
Gen. Matthew B. Ridgway, USAGen. Alfred M. Gruenther, USAGen. Lauris Norstad, USAFGen. Lyman L. Lemnitzer, USAGen. Andrew J. Goodpaster, USAGen. Alexander M. Haig Jr., USAGen. Bernard W. Rogers, USAGen. John R. Galvin, USAGen. John M. Shalikashvili, USAGen. George A. Joulwan, USAGen. Wesley K. Clark, USAGen. Joseph W. Ralston, USAF
Lt. Gen. Hubert R. HarmonMaj. Gen. James E. BriggsMaj. Gen. William S. StoneMaj. Gen. Robert H. WarrenLt. Gen. Thomas S. Moorman Sr.Lt. Gen. Albert P. ClarkLt. Gen. James R. AllenLt. Gen. Kenneth L. TallmanMaj. Gen. Robert E. KelleyLt. Gen. Winfield W. Scott Jr.Lt. Gen. Charles R. HammLt. Gen. Bradley C. HosmerLt. Gen. Paul E. SteinLt. Gen. Tad J. OelstromLt. Gen. John R. Dallager
June 27, 1977June 15, 1981June 15, 1983June 25, 1987
July 1, 1991July 7, 1994
July 31, 1997June 9, 2000
DODLeaders Through the Years
Secretaries of Defense
James V. ForrestalLouis A. JohnsonGeorge C. MarshallRobert A. LovettCharles E. WilsonNeil H. McElroyThomas S. GatesRobert S. McNamaraClark M. CliffordMelvin R. LairdElliot L. RichardsonJames R. SchlesingerDonald H. RumsfeldHarold BrownCaspar W. WeinbergerFrank C. CarlucciRichard B. CheneyLes AspinWilliam J. PerryWilliam S. CohenDonald H. Rumsfeld
March 28, 1949Sept. 19, 1950Sept. 12, 1951Jan. 20, 1953
Gen. James J. Lindsay, USAGen. Carl W. Stiner, USAGen. Wayne A. Downing, USAGen. Henry H. Shelton, USAGen. Peter J. Schoomaker, USAGen. Charles R. Holland, USAF
April 16, 1987June 27, 1990May 20, 1993Feb. 29, 1996
Nov. 5, 1997Oct. 27, 2000
US Strategic Command
Feb. 13, 1994Feb. 21, 1996June 25, 1998
Gen. G. Lee Butler, USAFAdm. Henry G. Chiles Jr., USNGen. Eugene E. Habiger, USAFAdm. Richard W. Mies, USN
June 1, 1992Feb. 14, 1994Feb. 22, 1996June 26, 1998
Gen. Duane H. Cassidy, USAFGen. H.T. Johnson, USAFGen. Ronald R. Fogleman, USAFGen. Robert L. Rutherford, USAFGen. Walter Kross, USAFGen. Charles T. Robertson Jr., USAF
Gen. Earle E. Partridge, USAFGen. Laurence S. Kuter, USAFGen. John K. Gerhart, USAFGen. Dean C. Strother, USAFGen. Raymond J. Reeves, USAFGen. Seth J. McKee, USAFGen. Lucius D. Clay Jr., USAFGen. Daniel James Jr., USAFGen. James E. Hill, USAFGen. James V. Hartinger, USAFGen. Robert T. Herres, USAFGen. John L. Piotrowski, USAFGen. Donald J. Kutyna, USAFGen. Charles A. Horner, USAFGen. Joseph W. Ashy, USAFGen. Howell M. Estes III, USAFGen. Richard B. Myers, USAFGen. Ralph E. Eberhart, USAF
Adm. John H. Towers, USNAdm. Louis E. Denfeld, USNAdm. Dewitt C. Ramsey, USNAdm. Arthur W. Radford, USNAdm. Felix B. Stump, USNAdm. Harry D. Felt, USNAdm. U.S. Grant Sharp, USNAdm. John S. McCain Jr., USNAdm. Noel A.M. Gayler, USNAdm. Maurice E. Weisner, USNAdm. Robert L.J. Long, USNAdm. William J. Crowe Jr., USNAdm. Ronald J. Hays Jr., USNAdm. Huntington Hardisty, USNAdm. Charles R. Larson, USNLt. Gen. Harold T. Fields, USAAdm. Richard C. Macke, USNAdm. Joseph W. Prueher, USNAdm. Dennis C. Blair, USN
Gen. Robert T. Herres, USAFGen. John L. Piotrowski, USAFGen. Donald J. Kutyna, USAFGen. Charles A. Horner, USAFGen. Joseph W. Ashy, USAFGen. Howell M. Estes III, USAFGen. Richard B. Myers, USAFGen. Ralph E. Eberhart, USAF
Adm. William H.P. Blandy, USNAdm. William M. Fechteler, USNAdm. Lynde D. McCormick, USNAdm. Jerauld Wright, USNAdm. Robert L. Dennison, USNAdm. Harold P. Smith, USNAdm. Thomas H. Moorer, USNAdm. Ephraim P. Holmes, USNAdm. Charles K. Duncan, USNAdm. Ralph W. Cousins, USNAdm. Isaac C. Kidd Jr., USNAdm. Harry D. Train II, USNAdm. Wesley D. McDonald, USNAdm. Lee Baggett Jr., USNAdm. Frank B. Kelso II, USNAdm. Leon A. Edney, USNAdm. Paul D. Miller, USNGen. John J. Sheehan, USMCAdm. Harold W. Gehman Jr., USNGen. William F. Kernan, USA
Lt. Gen. Willis Crittenberger, USALt. Gen. Matthew B. Ridgway, USALt. Gen. William H.H. Morris, USALt. Gen. Horace L. McBride, USALt. Gen. William K. Harrison, USALt. Gen. Robert M. Montague, USALt. Gen. Ridgely Gaither, USALt. Gen. Robert F. Sink, USALt. Gen. Andrew P. O’Meara, USAGen. Andrew P. O’Meara, USAGen. Robert W. Porter, USAGen. George R. Mather, USAGen. George V. Underwood, USAGen. William B. Rosson, USALt. Gen. Dennis P. McAuliffe, USALt. Gen. Wallace H. Nutting, USAGen. Paul F. Gorman, USAGen. John R. Galvin, USAGen. Fred F. Woerner, USAGen. Maxwell R. Thurman, USAGen. George A. Joulwan, USAMaj. Gen. W.A. Worthington, USAGen. Barry McCaffrey, USARAdm. James Perkins, USNGen. Wesley K. Clark, USAGen. Charles E. Wilhelm, USMCGen. Peter Pace, USMCFormerly US Caribbean Command (1947). Activated in 1963.
AIR FORCE Magazine / May 200144
PeopleUSAF Total Force
(As of Sept. 30, 2000)
Numbers are rounded and may not sum to totals. FYs 1995–2000 are actual figures; FY 2001 is an estimate.
Air Force active duty
OfficersEnlistedCadets
Total Air Force active duty
Career re-enlistments (second term)RateFirst-term re-enlistmentsRate
Civilian personnel
Direct hire (excluding technicians)ANGTechnicians: AFRCIndirect hire—foreign nationals
Total civilian personnel
Guard and Reserve
Air National Guard, Selected ReserveAFRC, paidAFRC, nonpaid
Total Ready Reserve
Standby
Total Guard and Reserve
FY99
70,318286,169
4,103
360,590
30,39284%
8,19649%
126,68522,892
9,4706,693
165,740
105,71571,77254,271
231,758
17,129
248,887
FY97
73,983299,373
4,029
377,385
34,90086%
12,30056%
139,51723,404
9,4226,841
179,184
110,02373,31166,827
250,161
14,500
264,661
FY00
69,023282,356
4,275
355,654
32,04284%
9,91752%
122,31222,781
9,5836,508
161,184
106,36671,35750,307
228,030
16,470
244,500
FY01
70,200282,800
4,000
357,000
31,32785%
9,69653%
118,68723,472
9,6006,129
157,888
108,02274,47050,542
233,034
16,725
249,759
FY95
78,444317,938
4,027
400,409
37,20088%
13,50065%
146,18024,174
9,4326,643
186,429
109,82678,70699,000
287,532
14,435
301,967
FY96
76,388308,608
4,005
389,001
37,20087%
12,90059%
143,66223,931
9,4366,695
183,724
110,47176,13871,910
258,519
14,437
272,956
FY98
71,892291,590
3,988
367,470
31,30085%
10,40054%
133,33223,388
9,3766,749
172,845
108,09871,97056,459
236,527
16,042
252,569
USAF Marital Status(As of Sept. 30, 2000)
Total percent marriedPercent of enlistedPercent of officersNumber of USAF couplesNumber married to members of other services
625973
15,884
1,216
Numbers are rounded. Does not include 4,275cadets.
USAF Educational Levels(As of Sept. 30, 2000)
EnlistedHigh schoolSome college (< 2 years)AA/AS degree or equivalent hoursBachelor’s degreeMaster’s degreeTotal
Armed Forces Manpower Trends, End Strength in Thousands(As of Sept. 30, 2000)
Active duty military
Air ForceArmyMarine CorpsNavy
Total
Selected Guard and Reserve
Air National GuardAFRCArmy National GuardArmy ReserveMarine Corps ReserveNaval Reserve
Total
Direct-hire civiliana
Air Forceb
Armyb
Navy/Marine CorpsDefense agencies
Totalc
Numbers are rounded and may not sum to totals.
FY02 numbers are programmed manpower.aFull-time equivalents.bIncludes Army and Air National Guard technicians, who were converted from state to federal employees in FY 1969.
FY00
360480173372
1,384
10473
329192
3987
824
156202188116
661
FY01
358480173372
1,383
10574
327190
3987
821
154197182112
645
FY02
360482173372
1,387
10774
326191
3885
821
152195171
99
617
FY95
400509175435
1,519
11078
375241
41101
946
249249182142
822
FY96
389491175417
1,472
11074
370226
4298
920
238229176135
779
FY97
377492174396
1,439
11072
370213
4295
902
237214175135
760
FY98
367484173382
1,407
10872
362205
4193
881
174237211126
748
FY99
361479173373
1,386
10371
344222
3989
869
162209193117
681
AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2001 45
Includes active Title 5 civilians with permanentappointments, US citizens only.
Excludes Title 32 technicians, temporary employees,and foreign/local nationals.
aScientific and Technical.
bSenior Executive Service (Includes ES, IE, and IP).
The Civilian Force(As of Sept. 30, 2000)
Wage Grade
Grade
123456789101112131415161718
Total
Force
132359422223
1,6961,0641,7473,0702,928
12,4453,3191,597
19052
2000
29,246
Wage GradeLeader
Grade
123456789101112131415161718
Total
Force
0952
16363884
204586110
53400000
1,147
Wage GradeSupervisory
Grade
123456789101112131415161718
Total
Force
1837203966
112161201856
1,011396233115186
95392512
3,622
GeneralSchedule/
Other
Force
191298
1,0423,3359,7266,1188,8341,197
11,767731
14,97116,85610,396
3,1521,243
000
45164309
90,375
Grade
123456789101112131415161718STa
SESb
Other
Total
Air Force Personnel Strength(As of Sept. 30, 2000)
Western and southernEuropeGermanyUKTurkeyItalySpainAll other countries
East Asia and PacificJapan/OkinawaSouth KoreaGuamAll other countries
Africa, Near East,South AsiaSaudi ArabiaEgyptAll other countries
Western hemispherePanamaCanadaAll other countries
Other areas
355,654
289,529
66,125
32,82614,661
9,4101,7594,026
2602,710
23,75913,194
8,6691,731
165
8,9735,895
703,008
3230
83240
244
USAF Personnel Strength by Commands, FOAs, and DRUs(As of Sept. 30, 2000)
Major commands
Air Combat Command (ACC)Air Education and Training Command (AETC)Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC)Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC)Air Force Space Command (AFSPC)Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC)Air Mobility Command (AMC)Pacific Air Forces (PACAF)United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE)Total major commands
Field Operating Agencies (FOAs)
Air Force Agency for Modeling and SimulationAir Force Audit AgencyAir Force Base Conversion AgencyAir Force Center for Environmental ExcellenceAir Force Civil Engineer Support AgencyAir Force Communications AgencyAir Force Cost Analysis AgencyAir Force Flight Standards AgencyAir Force Frequency Management AgencyAir Force Historical Research AgencyAir Force History Support OfficeAir Force Inspection AgencyAir Force Legal Services AgencyAir Force Logistics Management AgencyAir Force Manpower & Innovation AgencyAir Force Medical Operations AgencyAir Force Medical Support AgencyAir Force News AgencyAir Force Office of Special InvestigationsAir Force Operations GroupAir Force Pentagon Communications AgencyAir Force Personnel CenterAir Force Personnel Operations AgencyAir Force Program Executive OfficeAir Force Real Estate AgencyAir Force Review Boards AgencyAir Force Safety CenterAir Force Security Forces CenterAir Force Services AgencyAir Force Studies and Analyses AgencyAir Force Technical Applications CenterAir Force Weather AgencyAir Intelligence Agency*Air National Guard Readiness CenterTotal FOAs
Direct Reporting Units (DRUs)
Air Force Doctrine CenterAir Force Operational Test and Evaluation CenterUnited States Air Force Academy11th WingTotal DRUs
Other
Other active dutyUSAFA cadets
Total for all categories
Military
84,47368,45226,115
41017,347
8,96549,93032,01925,724
313,435
2100
4483
30020
11420
94
110400
49115
8148
3091,435
219452968
4433
01166
4328164
532622
10,735111
17,532
66510
2,5011,5824,659
15,7534,275
355,654
Civilian
10,07514,12258,28614,519
4,350585
7,7988,3584,864
122,957
13822261375115349
263031632521
1111885602193
45911
283965
221211435014
17417
0190
2,043457
7,270
13204
1,972811
3,000
27,9570
161,184
Total
94,54882,57484,40114,92921,697
9,55057,72840,37730,588
436,392
34822261419198649
46144
517229
131511
67200141
69402
1,894230735
1,93366451154
116446255
81532812
12,778568
24,802
79714
4,4732,3937,659
43,7104,275
516,838
*Air Intelligence Agency now falls under Air Combat Command.
AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2001 47
Firefighters are in the Air Force’scivil engineering career field. Here,
two firefighters from Osan AB, SouthKorea, work on an injured teammateduring a simulated fire in a Restora-tion of Operations exercise at Osan
in February.
Specialties in the Enlisted Force(As of Sept. 30, 2000)
Terms ExplainedFunding levels can be expressed in sev-eral ways. Budget authority is the valueof new obligations that the federal gov-ernment is authorized to incur. Theseinclude some obligations to be met inlater years. Figures can also be expressedin outlays (actual expenditures, some ofwhich are covered by amounts that wereauthorized in previous years).
Another difference concerns the valueof money. When funding is in current orthen-year dollars, no adjustment for in-flation has taken place. This is the actualamount of dollars that has been or is to bespent, budgeted, or forecast. When fund-ing is expressed in constant dollars, orreal dollars, the effect of inflation hasbeen factored out to make direct compari-sons between budget years possible. A
specific year, often the present one, ischosen as a baseline for constant dollars.
Normally, Congress first authorizes pay-ment, then appropriates it. Authoriza-tion is an act of Congress that estab-lishes or continues a federal program oragency and sets forth guidelines to whichit must adhere. Appropriation is an act ofCongress that enables federal agenciesto spend money for specific purposes.
Budgets
Air Force Budget—A 10-Year Perspective(Budget authority in current and FY02 constant $ millions)
Note: At press time, DOD had provided no FY2006 service amounts or percentages. Outyear data are those contained in the most recent 2001–05 FYDP, converted to2002 dollars. Numbers have been rounded.
Service Shares(In FY02 constant $ billions)
FY05
94
78
97
44
313
30%
25%
31%
14%
FY04
94
78
97
44
312
30%
25%
31%
14%
FY03
93
78
96
44
311
30%
25%
31%
14%
FY01
87
72
96
45
301
29%
24%
32%
15%
FY02
93
77
96
43
309
30%
25%
31%
14%
FY00
89
77
95
46
306
29%
25%
31%
15%
FY06
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Budget authority
Air Force
Army
Navy
Defense agencies, DoD–wide
Total
Percent of budget authority
Air Force
Army
Navy
Defense agencies, DoD–wide
Defense Department Budget Topline(In current and FY02 constant $ billions)
FY06
346
—
338
—
FY00
291
306
281
295
FY01
295
301
284
290
FY02
309
309
304
304
FY03
318
311
306
300
FY04
327
312
317
303
FY05
336
313
331
309
Budget authority(current $)
Budget authority(constant FY02 $)
Outlays(current $)
Outlays(constant FY02 $)
Note: At press time, DOD had released no FY2006 deflator, preventing conversion of 2006 amounts into 2002 dollars. Numbers have been rounded.
AIR FORCE Magazine / May 200150
Explanatory Note
Data for 1962–2000 are historical. Data for 2001–02 are pro-jections. These four tables are based on “The Economic andBudget Outlook: Fiscal Years 2002–11,” published by theCongressional Budget Office, January 2001. (Constant dollarfigures are derived.)
Federal Budget CategoriesConstant FY02 $ billions
Federal Budget CategoriesCurrent $ billions
Defense
$52.6
53.7
55.0
51.0
59.0
72.0
82.2
82.7
81.9
79.0
79.3
77.1
80.7
87.6
89.9
97.5
104.6
116.8
134.6
158.0
185.9
209.9
228.0
253.1
273.8
282.5
290.9
304.0
300.1
319.7
302.6
292.4
282.3
273.6
266.0
271.7
270.2
275.5
295.0
301.0
319.0
Year
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Deficit/Surplus
$5.9
4.0
6.5
1.6
3.1
12.6
27.7
0.5
8.7
26.1
26.4
15.4
8.0
55.3
70.5
49.8
54.9
38.7
72.7
74.0
120.1
208.0
185.7
221.7
238.0
169.3
194.0
205.2
277.8
321.6
340.5
300.5
258.9
226.4
174.1
103.4
30.0
+0.7
+86.4
+125.0
+142.0
Entitlements
$34.7
36.2
38.9
39.7
43.4
50.9
59.7
64.7
72.5
86.9
100.8
116.0
130.9
169.5
189.2
203.8
227.5
247.1
291.4
339.4
370.8
410.6
405.6
448.3
461.8
474.2
505.1
549.6
627.0
702.3
716.1
736.5
783.6
817.7
856.9
896.3
938.6
976.8
1,029.0
1,089.0
1,157.0
TotalOutlays
$106.8
111.3
118.5
118.2
134.5
157.5
178.1
183.6
195.6
210.2
230.7
245.7
269.4
332.3
371.8
409.2
458.7
504.0
590.9
678.2
745.8
808.4
851.9
946.4
990.5
1,004.1
1,064.5
1,143.7
1,253.2
1,324.4
1,381.7
1,409.5
1,461.9
1,515.8
1,560.6
1,601.3
1,652.6
1,703.0
1,789.0
1,853.0
1,923.0
Year Total Deficit/ Entitlements DefenseOutlays Surplus
1962 647.0 35.7 210.2 318.7
1963 665.7 23.9 216.5 321.2
1964 699.6 38.4 229.7 324.7
1965 686.9 9.3 230.7 296.4
1966 759.6 17.5 245.1 333.2
1967 862.7 69.0 278.8 394.4
1968 936.2 145.6 313.8 432.1
1969 914.8 2.5 322.4 412.1
1970 922.0 41.0 341.8 386.1
1971 949.1 117.8 392.4 356.7
1972 1009.4 115.5 441.0 347.0
1973 1012.2 63.4 477.9 317.6
1974 999.9 29.7 485.8 299.5
1975 1130.5 188.1 576.6 298.0
1976 1195.5 226.7 608.4 289.1
1977 1235.5 150.4 615.3 294.4
1978 1287.1 154.0 638.4 293.5
1979 1270.6 97.6 623.0 294.5
1980 1312.5 161.5 647.3 299.0
1981 1365.8 149.0 683.5 318.2
1982 1414.2 227.7 703.1 352.5
1983 1485.4 382.2 754.5 385.7
1984 1500.8 327.1 714.5 401.7
1985 1609.3 377.0 762.3 430.4
1986 1652.9 397.2 770.6 456.9
1987 1617.4 272.7 763.8 455.0
1988 1647.1 300.2 781.6 450.1
1989 1688.6 303.0 811.5 448.8
1990 1755.5 389.1 878.3 420.4
1991 1780.5 432.3 944.1 429.8
1992 1801.6 444.0 933.7 394.6
1993 1784.4 380.4 932.4 370.2
1994 1802.0 319.1 965.9 348.0
1995 1822.9 272.3 983.4 329.0
1996 1823.9 203.5 1,001.5 310.9
1997 1827.6 118.0 1,023.0 310.1
1998 1845.5 33.5 1,048.2 301.7
1999 1860.9 +0.8 1,067.4 301
2000 1890.6 +91.3 1,088.3 311.8
2001 1904.9 +128.5 1,119.5 309.4
2002 1,923.0 +142.0 1,157.0 319.0
AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2001 51
Federal Budget Outlay CategoriesPercentages of GDP
Provided to qualified rated officers and flight surgeons.
Officers in pay grade O-7 are paid $200 per month. Officers in pay grade O-8 or above are paid$206 per month.
Continuous pay ends following the 25th year of service. Grades O-6 and below with more than25 years of service may receive $250 per month for continued operational flying.
Aviation Career Incentive Pay(Effective Jan. 1, 2001)
MonthlyRate
$585 495 385 250
Years of Serviceas an Officer
more than 22more than 23more than 24
more than 25
MonthlyRate
$125 156 188 206 650
840
Years ofAviation Service
as an Officer
2 or fewer more than 2more than 3more than 4more than 6
more than 14
Amounts have been rounded to the nearest dollar.aBasic pay for pay grades 0-7 through 0-10 is limited to $10,850.10, regardless of cumulative years of service.bCommissioned officers with more than four years’ active service as enlisted members.Basic pay while serving as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff or Chief of Staff of the Air Force is $12,488.70, regardless of cumulative years of service, but the generalofficer cap of $10,850.10 applies, as well.Basic pay while serving as Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force is $4,719, regardless of cumulative years of service.
E-9E-8E-7E-6E-5E-4E-3E-2E-1 4 mos.+E-1<4 mos.
Enlisted Members
Pay GradeO-10a
O-9a
O-8a
O-7a
O-6O-5O-4O-3O-2O-1O-3Eb
O-2Eb
O-1Eb
Commissioned OfficersYears of Service
Monthly Military Basic Rates of Pay(Effective Jan. 1, 2001)
Annual Pay for Federal Civilians(Effective Jan. 1, 2001)
General Schedule
NOTE: Since January 1994, locality-based comparability payments have been applied to General Schedule (GS) and Senior Executive Service (ES) positions in the continentalUnited States. In other words, pay is higher in areas of the US where nonfederal salaries are higher. Because there are 30 locality pay areas recognized by the Office of PersonnelManagement, there are in effect 30 different GS and ES pay schedules based on the schedule above. Locality pay adjustments do not apply to employees already receivingspecial salary rates that exceed the locality rate nor to overseas employees.
When assigned to duty underemergency conditions where noUS mess facilities are available
E-1 <4 Months
$7.07/day
$7.97/day
$10.56/day
Cash/In-Kind
$160.42/month
All Other Enlisted
$7.66/day
$8.63/day
$11.43/day
AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2001 55
EquipmentTotal Active Inventory (TAI): aircraft assigned to operating forces for mission,training, test, or maintenance. Includes primary, backup, and attrition aircraft.Primary Aircraft Inventory (PAI): aircraft assigned to meet Primary AircraftAuthorization (PAA).
Age of the Air Force Reserve Command Fleet(As of Sept. 30, 2000)
Age in Years
0–3
7
72%
3–6
15
153%
6–9
17
174%
9–12
15
172355
12%
12–15
24
51
7517%
15–181
7
2
102%
18–2148
1
4911%
21–243
30.7%
24+
932576944
21148%
Average20.038.529.319.939.733.912.810.123.8
Percentages have been rounded.
A-10B-52C-5C-130C-135C-141F-16H-60TotalPercent
Total52
932
14369447023
442
DMSP: Defense Meteorological Satellite Program DSCS: Defense Satellite Communications System DSP: Defense Support Program GPS: Global Positioning SystemAs of FY00, satellite data show the number of satellites that are primary mission capable.
ICBMs and Spacecraft in Service(As of Sept. 30, 2000)
Type of system
Minuteman II ICBMMinuteman III ICBMPeacekeeper ICBM
Minuteman over MassachusettsRed stripe with “Happy Hooligans” logoDark gray bison’s skull against prairie/mountain profileSubdued hawk with banner in talonsGray lightning boltBlack falcon with talons extended and “California” logoTexas star on subdued jagged stripes with “Houston” logoStars of Little Dipper constellation and “Duluth” logoSubdued “Vermont” on top of tail with figure of Ethan AllenSubdued “Atlantic City” at top of tailSubdued eagle and “Oregon” logoStarburst state flag and “Arizona” logo
here on senior master sergeantstripes, denotes an E-7 throughE-9 who advises and assists a
squadron commander inmanaging unit activities.
EnlistedOfficer
Command Chief MasterSergeant
The star device shown heredenotes an E-9 who serves in a9E000 position, formerly known
as a senior enlisted advisor.
62 AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2001
Awards and DecorationsThis display represents, in correct order of precedence, selected ribbons from World War II to present day. For information regarding ribbons not depicted, refer to AFI 36-2803.
62 AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2001
*Also awarded with gold, silver, or bronze devices. The gold frame on the ribbon denotes a unit citation; without, an individual citation.
Medal of Honor Air Force Cross Defense DistinguishedService Medal
Distinguished ServiceMedal (AF)
Silver Star
Bronze Star MedalAirman’s MedalDistinguished FlyingCross
Legion of MeritDefense SuperiorService Medal
Purple Heart Defense MeritoriousService Medal
Meritorious ServiceMedal (AF)
Air Medal Aerial AchievementMedal
Joint ServiceCommendation Medal
Air ForceCommendation Medal
Joint ServiceAchievement Medal
Air ForceAchievement Medal
Presidential UnitCitation
Joint MeritoriousUnit Award
AF Outstanding UnitAward
AF OrganizationalExcellence Award
Prisoner of War Medal Combat ReadinessMedal
Air Force GoodConduct Medal
Good Conduct Medal Air Reserve ForcesMeritorious Service Medal
Outstanding Airmanof the Year
Air Force RecognitionRibbon
American DefenseService Medal
American CampaignMedal
Asiatic–PacificCampaign Medal
European–African–MiddleEastern Campaign Medal
World War IIVictory Medal
Army of OccupationMedal
Medal for HumaneAction
National DefenseService Medal
Korean Service Medal Antarctica ServiceMedal
Armed ForcesExpeditionary Medal
Vietnam Service Medal Southwest AsiaService Medal
Armed ForcesService Medal
HumanitarianService Medal
Military OutstandingVolunteer Service Medal
Air Force OverseasRibbon–Short
Air Force OverseasRibbon–Long
AF LongevityService Award Ribbon
USAF Basic MilitaryTraining Instructor
Ribbon
Armed Forces ReserveMedal
USAF NCO PMEGraduate Ribbon
USAF Basic MilitaryTraining Honor
Graduate Ribbon
Small Arms ExpertMarksmanship Ribbon
Air Force TrainingRibbon
Philippine DefenseRibbon
Philippine LiberationRibbon
Philippine IndependenceRibbon
Philippine PresidentialUnit Citation
ROK Presidential UnitCitation
RVN Gallantry Crosswith Palm*
United NationsService Medal
United NationsMedal
NATO Medal Republic of VietnamCampaign Medal
Kuwait Liberation Medal,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Kuwait Liberation Medal,Government of Kuwait
Republic of Korea WarService Medal
Air Force RecruiterRibbon
Kosovo CampaignMedal
AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2000 73
Wings and Badges
Silver and Bronze StarsWhen worn together on a single
ribbon, silver stars will be worn to thewearer’s right of any bronze star.
Silver Staris worn in the same manner as the
bronze star, but each is worn in lieuof five bronze service stars.
Bronze Starrepresents participation in
campaigns or operations, multiplequalifications, or an additional award
to any of the various ribbons onwhich it is authorized.
Bronze Oak Leaf Clusterrepresents second and subsequent
entitlements of awards.
Silver Oak Leaf Clusterrepresents the sixth, 11th, etc.,
entitlements or is worn in lieu of fivebronze OLCs.
Silver/Bronze Oak Leaf ClustersSilver OLCs are worn to the wearer’s rightof the bronze OLCs on the same ribbon.
Valor Devicerepresents valor and does not denotean additional award. Only one may be
earned on any ribbon. It is worn tothe wearer’s right of any clusters on
the same ribbon.
Berlin Airlift Deviceis worn with the Army of Occupation
Medal to denote service of 90consecutive days in direct support of
the Berlin Airlift, June 26, 1948, toSept. 30, 1949.
Mobility Deviceis worn with the Armed Forces
Reserve Medal to denote active dutyfor at least one day during a
contingency.
Pilot
Navigator/Observer
Enlisted Aircrew
Astronaut
Flight Surgeon
Flight Nurse
Officer Aircrew Member
Missile withOperationsDesignator
Missile
The astronaut designator indicates a USAF ratedofficer qualified to perform duties in space (50 milesand up) and who has completed at least oneoperational mission. Pilot wings are used here toillustrate the position of the designator on the wings.
Shown here and on p. 74 are current wings andbadges. The basic level of wings or badges isillustrated. Most wings and badges have two othercategories of accomplishment—senior and eithercommander, master, or chief. A star centered abovethe badge indicates the senior level, while a starsurrounded by a wreath above the badge representsthe master level.
Devices
Five USAF career fields are authorized to wear acolored beret along with the crest of that particular
field. Below are those badges on their particular beretcolor.
Berets
Combat ControlTeam
CombatWeather
The parachutist badgeindicates the wearer is
at the master level.
Tactical AirControl Party
Pararescue
ForceProtection
Officers display theirrank in a plain blue
shield above the motto“Defensor Fortis.”
Hourglass Deviceis issued for the Armed Forces
Reserve Medal in bronze for 10 yearsof service, silver for 20, and gold for
30 years.
74 AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2000
Badges, continued
Biomedical Science Dental CorpsCorps
Buddhist Christian
Jewish Muslim
Medical
Chaplain
Enlisted Medical Medical Corps
Medical Service Nurse CorpsCorps
Acquisition and FinancialManagement
Communications and Information Explosive Ordnance Disposal Force Protection
Chaplain Service Support Civil Engineer Command and Control
Band Air Traffic Control
Historian IntelligenceInformation Management
Public AffairsParalegalParachutist
Operations SupportMeteorologistManpower and Personnel