USA Applied Hypersonics Thomas A. Jackson, Ph.D. Aerospace Propulsion Division Propulsion Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory 16th AIAA/DLR/DGLR International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference 19-22 Oct 2009 Approved for Public Release 88ABW-2009-4321 9 Oct 2009
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
USA Applied Hypersonics
Thomas A. Jackson, Ph.D.
Aerospace Propulsion Division
Propulsion Directorate
Air Force Research Laboratory
16th AIAA/DLR/DGLR International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference
19-22 Oct 2009
Approved for Public Release88ABW-2009-4321
9 Oct 2009
2
Outline
• Introduction – USAF development approach for hypersonic, air-breathing propulsion
• US national efforts in air-launch free-flight• US national efforts in ground-launch hypersonic R&D• USAF/DARPA X-51 Scramjet Engine Flight Experiment• USAF/AUS DSTO HIFiRE Flight 2• US DARPA FaCET• US TES&T HyV• USAF Robust Scramjet S&T Program• Conclusion
Approved for Public Release 88ABW-2009-4321, 9 Oct 2009
3
AFRL’s Scramjet Technology Development Approach
Hypersonic Missiles/
Small Launch Systems
Stair-step approach builds
upon prior successes
Large Hypersonic Missiles
Small Launch Systems
Operationally Responsive Spacelift
(Robust, Responsive)
Small Scramjets
Medium Scramjets
Large Scramjets and CCEs
LRC
LRC
LRC
Ramjets
Hypersonic Missiles
(Time-Critical Targets)
198
0 ~
20
10
20
15
202
02
030
X-51 Program
Cleared for Public Release: #88ABW-2009-3878
National Hypersonic Flight Demo Landscape
Program Speed Significance First Flight
X-43A M 7,10 Airframe-Integ Mar 04
HyFly DCR M 6 Missile ATD Oct 07
X-51A M 6+ H/C Fuel Dec 09Cooled Engine
Blackswift M 6 Reusable 2012+Comb Cycle Engine
Cleared for Public Release: #88ABW-2009-3878
National Hypersonic Ground-Launch Flight Experiments
Program Speed Significance First Flight
FASTT M 6 accel free-flt Mar 04
HyShot M 8-10 low cost R&D Oct01-Jun07
(AUS)
HyCAUSE M 10 strm-trace IML Jun 07
(AUS/DARPA)
HIFiRE Flt2 M 6-8 Depressed Traj Nov 10
(AF/DSTO)
HyV M 5 Vitiation effects Mar 11Cleared for Public Release: #88ABW-2009-3878
Advanced endotherm-no depositsVariable internal contraction and BL bleed
Times 10 for large weapon application (10X)Shape transitions, axisymmetric, streamline-traced IML
Accelerate over 3+ Mach numbersRapid ignition on liquid fuel – Cold Start
Higher T materials and increased fuel endotherm
Endothermic Fuel Process:
~ 1000 BTU/lbm
Distribution A: 88ABW-2009-2489, 5 June 2009
• Acquire ground and flight data on an actively cooled, self-controlled operating scramjet engine (rules and tools development)
• Demonstrate viability of an endothermically fueled scramjet in flight
• Prove viability of a free-flying, scramjet powered, vehicle (Thrust > Drag)
X-51A Program Objective
Flight test the USAF Hypersonic Technology (HyTech) scramjet engine, using endothermic hydrocarbon fuel, by accelerating a vehicle from boost (~M=4.5) to Mach 6+
Cleared for Public Release: 88ABW-2008-0845
X-51A Propulsion Heritage
Ground Demo Engine 1 (June ’03)•Flight weight•Fuel cooled, but open loop fuel system
Performance Test Engine (Jan ’01)•Copper heat sink construction•Partial width flowpath
Ground Demo Engine 2 (Mar ’06)•Center engine for X-43C•Fuel cooled, closed loop fuel system
HyTech Flowpath
Development
X-51A Dev. Engine, SJX61-1 (Jul ’07)•Full X-51A forebody and nozzle•Fuel cooled, closed loop fuel system
Batteries• Engine Systems• Actuators• Avionics and FTI• Flight Termination System (Separate)
(Li-ion Pack)
X-51A Subsystems Packaging
Cleared for Public Release: #88ABW-2009-3878
F119 FADEC Fuel Pump
Flowpath & Heat Exchanger
Vehicle Nozzle
Integral forebody / inlet
X-51A Propulsion Configuration
JP-7 Fuel Tank
Cleared for Public Release: #88ABW-2009-3878
Fuel Coolant Collection Manifold
Fuel Dist. Valves
Body Inlet Manifold
Fuel Coolant Inlets
Body Exit Manifold
Fuel-Cooled Scramjet OverviewClosed Loop Fuel System & Cold Start
SJX61-1 Ground Test Engine Configuration
Heat Exchanger Panel
Cold coolant fuel into HEX
Coolant fuel flo
w through Heat
Exchanger (HEX)
Hot coolant fuel out of HEX
Hot fuel into flowpath
Cleared for Public Release: #88ABW-2009-3878
12
Four Vehicles in Assembly(Boeing Palmdale Facility)
Cleared for Public Release: #88ABW-2009-3878
13
Ground Test Operations
X-51 to B-52 Carriage Integration
X-51/B-52 on Aircraft System Integration
Electromagnetic Compatibility / Safety of Flight Test (EMC/SOF)
Cleared for Public Release: #88ABW-2009-3878
14
HIFiREHypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation
• Joint program: U.S. AFRL and AUS DSTO … AFRL/RB Lead
• Up to 10 flights exploring fundamental hypersonic technologies
• AFRL/RZA prime for Flights 2 & 6 and Experiment Contributor in Flight 1
Pervasive Opportunities:• Experimental Approach – seconds of clean, high-speed flight• Core flow measurements with high spatial and temporal resolution
Flight 1: •Optically–based, engine air mass capture