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8/18/2019 Us4309586 High Frequency Induchon Heating Circult http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/us4309586-high-frequency-induchon-heating-circult 1/12 United States Patent {191 Ishibashi [54] HIGH FREQUENCY INDUCHON HEATING CIRCUlT [75] Inventor: Kazuhisa Ishibashi, Yokohama, Japan [73] Assignee: Toyo Seikan Kaisha, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan {21] Appl No.: 76,858 [22] Filed: Sep. 19, 1979 [30] Foreign Application Priority Data Sep, 27, 1973 {JP} Japan ............................. .. 53-119655 [51] Int. Cl.3 H05B 6/06 [52] US. Cl. 219/1017; 219/1053; 219/ 0.71 [58] Field of Search 219/1077, 10.75, 10.53, 219/1071, 482, 497, 501; 323/9, 1, 8, 7, 265, 282, 285 [56} References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 2,709,740 5/1955 Baker ............................. . 219/1017 2,818,483 12/1957 Blume .................... . 219/1041 3,686,460 8/1972 Lamparter et a1. 3,806,688 4/1974 MacKenzie et a1. .. 219 1037 .. 219/1037 X {11} 4,309,586 {45] Jan. 5, 1982 3,880,599 4/1975 Keller ........................ . 219/1077 X 3,930,193 12/1975 Kornrumpf t a1, . 219/1077 X 4,085,300 4/1978 MacKenzie et a1. . 219/1077 X 4,162,379 7/1979 Sebens et a1. ..................... . 219/497 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 47-41398 10/1972 Japan ......................... . 219/1069 X Primary Examiner-Gene Z. Rubinson Assistant Examiner-Philip H. Leung Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Pennie Edmonds {57] ABSTRACT A igh frequency induction heating circuit for heating a plurality of rticles where the heating circuit has a semi conductor oscillation circuit which includes a series resonance circuit having a heating coil and a condensor. A etection circuit for detecting changes in impedance and frequency variations in the heating coil is included as well as a current control circuit which is responsive to the detection circuit. A arible control gain regula tion apparatus is included in the current control circuit such that current supplied to the coil becomes a non constant current control depending on the number of articles to be heated. 2 Claims, 8 Drawing Figures
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Page 1: Us4309586 High Frequency Induchon Heating Circult

8/18/2019 Us4309586 High Frequency Induchon Heating Circult

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United S t a t e s Patent { 1 9 1

I s h i b a s h i

[ 5 4 ] HIGH FREQUENCY INDUCHON HEATING

CIRCUlT

[ 7 5 ]

I n v e n t o r :

K a z u h i s a I s h i b a s h i , Y o k o h a m a ,

J a p a n

[ 7 3 ]

A s s i g n e e :

T o y o

S e i k a n K a i s h a ,

L t d . , T o k y o ,

J a p a n

{ 2 1 ] A p p l N o . : 7 6 , 8 5 8

[ 2 2 ]

F i l e d : S e p .

1 9 ,

1 9 7 9

[ 3 0 ] F o r e i g n A p p l i c a t i o n P r i o r i t y

D a t a

S e p ,

2 7 , 1 9 7 3

{ J P }

Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

53-119655

[ 5 1 ] I n t . C l . 3

H05B 6 / 0 6

[ 5 2 ]

US.

C l .

2 1 9 / 1 0 1 7 ;

2 1 9 / 1 0 5 3 ;

2 1 9 / 0 . 7 1

[ 5 8 ]

F i e l d

o f S e a r c h

2 1 9 / 1 0 7 7 ,

1 0 . 7 5 , 1 0 . 5 3 ,

2 1 9 / 1 0 7 1 ,

4 8 2 , 4 9 7 , 5 0 1 ; 3 2 3 / 9 ,

1 ,

8 , 7 , 2 6 5 ,

2 8 2 ,

2 8 5

[ 5 6 } R e f e r e n c e s

C i t e d

U . S .

PATENT

DOCUMENTS

2,709,740

5 / 1 9 5 5

Baker

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. 219/1017

2,818,483

1 2/ 1 9 5 7 Blume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. 2 1 9 / 1 0 4 1

3 , 6 8 6 , 4 6 0 8/1972 Lamparter e t a 1 .

3 , 8 0 6 , 6 8 8

4 / 1 9 7 4

MacKenzie e t

a 1 .

. . 219 1037

. . 219/1037 X

{ 1 1 } 4 , 3 0 9 , 5 8 6

{ 4 5 ]

J a n . 5 , 1 9 8 2

3 ,880,5 9 9 4/ 1 9 7 5

Keller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219/1077 X

3 , 9 3 0 , 1 9 3

1 2 / 1 9 7 5 Kornrumpf t a 1 , .

219/1077

X

4 , 0 8 5 , 3 0 0 4/1978 M ac K e n z i e e t a 1 . .

219/1077 X

4,162,379

7/ 1 9 7 9 Se be n s e t a 1 .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. 2 1 9/ 4 9 7

FOREIGN

PATENT

DOCUMENTS

47-4 13 98 10/1972 Ja pa n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 1 9 / 1 0 6 9 X

P r i m a r y Examiner-Gene

Z . R u b i n s o n

A s s i s t a n t

E x a m i n e r - P h i l i p

H . Leung

A t t o r n e y , A g e n t , o r

Firm—Pennie

Edmonds

{ 5 7 ] ABSTRACT

A

i g h f r e q u e n c y i n d u c t i o n h e a t i n g c i r c u i t f o r

h e a t i n g a

p l u r a l i t y o f r t i c l e s

where t h e h e a t i n g

c i r c u i t h a s

a s e m i

conductor o s c i l l a t i o n

c i r c u i t which

i n c l u d e s

a s e r i e s

r e s o n a n c e c i r c u i t having a h e a t i n g c o i l and a c o n d e n s o r .

A

e t e c t i o n

c i r c u i t

f o r

d e t e c t i n g

c h a n g e s

i n i m p e d a n c e

a n d f r e q u e n c y v a r i a t i o n s i n t h e h e a t i n g c o i l i s i n c l u d e d

a s w e l l

a s a

c u r r e n t

c o n t r o l c i r c u i t w h i c h i s r e s p o n s i v e

t o

t h e d e t e c t i o n c i r c u i t . A a r i b l e c o n t r o l g a i n r e g u l a

t i o n a p p a r a t u s

i s

i n c l u d e d i n

t h e c u r r e n t c o n t r o l c i r c u i t

such t h a t c u r r e n t s u p p l i e d

t o t h e

c o i l

becomes

a

non

c o n s t a n t c u r r e n t c o n t r o l

depending

on

t h e number o f

a r t i c l e s t o

b e

h e a t e d .

2 C l a i m s , 8 D r a w i n g F i g u r e s

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U . S .

P a tent

J a n .

5 , 1 9 8 2

S h e e t

2 o f 5 4 , 3 0 9 , 5 8 6

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US. P a t e n t

J a n .

5 ,

1 9 8 2

S h e e t 3

o f

5 4 , 3 0 9 , 5 8 6

0

2 1

3 \

0

F I G .

5

4.0

.0

g

6.0

1

m m )

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U . S . Patent J a n . 5 , 1 9 8 2 S h e e t

4

o f 5 4 , 5 0 9 , 5 3 6

wO I

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US.

Patent J a n .

5 , 1 9 8 2

S h e e t 5

o f 5 4 , 3 0 9 , 5 8 6

200

2080

20 8

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4 , 3 0 9 , 5 8 6

1

HIGH FREQUENCY INDUCTION

HEATING

CIRCUIT

FIELD

OF

THE INVENTION

The p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n r e l a t e s t o a

h i g h f r e q u e n c y

i n d u c t i o n h e a t i n g

c i r c u i t

a n d

i n

p a r t i c u l a r

t o

a h i g h

f r e q u e n c y

s e m i c o n d u c t o r

i n d u c t i o n h e a ti n g

c i r c u i t

i m

p r o v e d

s o t h a t

t h e power s u p p l i e d t o t h e h e a t i n g

c o i l

i s

c o n t r o l l e d b y f e e d b a c k .

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

I n d u c t i o n h e a t i n g a p p a r a t u s u s i n g h i g h f r e q u e n c y

power

of

1 0 k i l o h e r t z

or more has

been

u t i l i z e d i n

v a r i

o u s

? e l d s

and

i s

p a r t i c u l a r l y

s u i t a b l e

f o r u n i f o r m h e a t

i n g

o f a r t i c l e s

s u p p l i e d c o n t i n u o u s l y

i n l a r g e q u a n t i t i e s

t o

a h e a t i n g

zone of

a

h e a t i n g

c o i l . For

example such

a p p a r a t u s

h a s

b e e n

u s e d

t o h e a t t h e bottom s u r f a c e s

o f

m e t a l c a p s

t o cause

r e s i n s h e e t s t o adhere

t o

t h e

bottom

s u r f a c e s .

T h a t

i s , when

s e a l i n g

a

b o t t l e

by m o u n t i n g

a

m e t a l

cap on

t h e

b o t t l e

mouth,

a

t h e r m o p l a s t i c

r e s i n

s h e e t o r

l i n e r

s u c h a s

v i n y l

c h l o r i d e ,

p o l y e t h y l e n e o r

p o l y p r o p y l e n e i s

a t t a c h e d

t o t h e i n n e r

bottom s u r f a c e

o f

t h e

cap

and a b o t t l e

mouth

i s t h e n s e a l e d

w i t h

t h e r e s i n

s h e e t f o r m i n g

a

s e a l i n g m a t e r i a l . I n o r d e r t o a t t a c h t h e

r e s i n s h e e t

f i r m l y t o

t h e i n n e r bottom s u r f a c e o f t h e c a p ,

an adhesive primer such a s an

epoxy i s

p a i n t e d

on

t h e

i n n e r bottom s u r f a c e o f t h e c a p and t h e r e s i n s h e e t i s

t h e n

? r m l y

a t t a c h e d w i t h

t h e

p r i m e r i n

a

h o t m e l t e d

s t a t e . Under o r d i n a r y c i r c u m s t a n c e s , t h e a d h e s i v e

p r i m e r w i l l a d h e r e

t h e

r e s i n

s h e e t ? r m l y t o t h e b o t t o m

s u r f a c e o f t h e c a p

w h e n

t h e bottom s u r f a c e

h a s

b e e n

h e a t e d t o a b o u t

l 0 0 “ — 2 0 0 °

C . , a n d

i t

i s i n t h i s

h e a t i n g

p r o c e s s t h a t

h i g h

f r e q u e n c y

i n d u c t i o n

h e a t i n g a p p a r a t u s

i s

u s e d .

B o t t l e

s e a l i n g

c a p s

s o

m a d e

i n c l u d e

screw

c a p s ,

crown c a p s and p i l f e r - p r o o f c a p s , b u t i n a l m o s t

e v e r y

c a s e , r e g a r d l e s s

o f c a p t y p e ,

t h e r e s i n s h e e t i s

a d h e r e d

t o

t h e i n n e r bottom s u r f a c e

by

means o f p r i m e r i n o r d e r

t h a t

t h e s h e e t s e r v e s

a s

t h e s e a l i n g

m a t e r i a l .

I n

o r d e r

t h a t a p l u r a l i t y o f a r t i c l e s m a y b e

h e a t e d

t o

a u n i f o r m t e m p e r a t u r e i n a n i n d u c t i o n

h e a t i n g

a p p a r a

t u s , i t

i s

n e c e s s a r y t h a t a n e a r l y u n i f o r m h e a t i n g e n e r g y

b e

a p p l i e d t o

e a c h a r t i c l e

a s i t i s s u p p l i e d

t o

t h e h e a ti n g

s t a t i o n o f

t h e

a p p a r a t u s a n d h i g h f r e q u e n c y i n d u c t i o n

h e a t i n g

c i r c u i t s

t h a t w i l l s a t i s f y t h i s r e q u i r e m e n t h a v e

b e e n

p r e v i o u s l y

s o u g h t a f t e r .

H o w e v e r , p r i o r h e a t i n g

c i r c u i t s have b e e n

d e ? c i e n t i n

t h a t

t h e

h e a t i n g e n e r g y

i m p a r t e d

t o

e a c h a r t i c l e

t o

b e h e a t e d

h a s

v a r i e d

depend

i n g

o n

t h e

number

o f

o b j e c t s s u p p l i e d

t o

t h e h e a t i n g

s t a t i o n .

T h i s i s b e c a u s e t h e i m p e d a n c e a n d f r e q u e n c y o f

t h e h e a t i n g c o i l c i r c u i t s

c o m p r i s i n g

c u r r e n t

c o n d u c t o r s

o f

t h e

p r i o r c i r c u i t s

f l u c t u a t e

m a r k e d l y b e c a u s e o f t h e

m u t u a l

i n d u c t a n c e w i t h t h e a r t i c l e s

t o b e h e a t e d . For

e x a m p l e , i n

comparing

a

c a s e

w h e n e i g h t e e n m e t a l c a p s

a r e

s u p p l i e d t o a h e a t i n g s t a t i o n

t o

be h e a t e d

s i m u l t a

n e o u s l y

w i t h

t h e c a s e

w h e n a s i n g l e

m e t a l

c a p

i s s u p

p l i e d , t h e r e a r e

marked

v a r i a t i o n s i n t h e l o a d i m p e d a n c e

a n d t h e

f r e q u e n c y o f

t h e h e a t i n g

c o i l s

a n d t h e

e n e r g y

i m p a r t e d

t o

t h e a r t i c l e s under each

o f

t h e s e c a s e s ?uctu

a t e s w i d e l y s o t h a t l a r g e

? u c t u a t i o n s

o c c u r

i n h e a t i n g

t e m p e r a t u r e . I n p a r t i c u l a r , i n e x t r e m e c a s e s w h e n t h e

q u a n t i t y

o f

m e ta l c a p s b e i n g c o n t i n u o u s l y

s u p p l i e d t o

t h e

h e a t i n g

a p p a r a t u s

v a r i e s

w i t h

t i m e , a s

i n

m e t a l

c a p

p r o d u c t i o n p r o c e s s e s w h e n

t h e

s u p p l y o f

c a p s

t o t h e

h e a t i n g s t a t i o n

r e a c h e s

z e r o , v e r y wide d i f f e r e n c e s

i n

h e a t i n g

t e m p e r a t u r e

o c c u r

b e c a u s e

o f

v a r i a t i o n s o f

l o a d

20

2 5

45

65

2

i m p e d a n c e

i n

t h e h e a t i n g

c o i l

c i r c u i t a n d ? u c t u a t i o n s

i n

f r e q u e n c y .

The v r i t i o n s

i n t h e i m p e d a n c e

a n d f r e q u e n c y

p r o p

e r t i e s

o f

t h e

h e a t i n g

c o i l s d i f f e r d e p e n d i n g

o n

t h e t y p e

o f r t i c l e b e i n g

h e a t e d ,

a n d i n

t h e c a s e

o f n o n - m a g n e t i c

a r t i c l e s s u c h a s

aluminum, t h e r e i s

a t e n d e n c y

f o r t h e

f r e q u e n c y

t o

i n c r e a s e

a s

t h e

number

o f

r t i c l e s

s u p p l i e d

t o

t h e

h e a t i n g

c o i l

i n c r e a s e s . T h i s i s b e c a u s e t h e i n d u c

t a n c e

c o m p o n e n t

i n t h e h e a t i n g c o i l c i r c u i t

d e c r e a s e s

a n d t h e r e s i s t a n c e component i n c r e a s e s d e p e n d i n g on

t h e

s u p p l y o f

t h e

a r t i c l e s . When

t h e h e a t i n g

c o i l

c i r c u i t

i s g e n e r a l l y u n d e r c o n s t a n t c u r r e n t

c o n t r o l ,

an

i n c r e a s e

i n

t h e

f r e q u e n c y w i l l

b r i n g

a b o u t

a n i n c r e a s e i n t h e

energy s u p p l i e d t o

t h e a r t i c l e s

t o be

h e a t e d ,

and a s

a

r e s u l t ,

when t h e

number

o f o b j e c t s s u p p l i e d t o t h e h e a t

i n g

z o n e

i s

d e c r e a s e d ,

i n s u f ? c i e n t h e a t i n g w i l l o c c u r .

I n t h e c a s e o f s t r o n g l y m a g n e t i c a r t i c l e s s u c h

a s

c a p s

made o f i n

p l a t e

o r s t e e l ,

t h e r e

i s a c o m p l e t e l y o p p o s i t e

t e n d e n c y

f o r t h e

f r e q u e n c y a n d e n e r g y

t o

d e c r e a s e

d e p e n d i n g on

t h e s u p p l y

o f

a r t i c l e s t o

t h e h e a t i n g c o i l .

As

a

r e s u l t

w h e n

t h e

number

of

a r t i c l e s

c o m p r i s i n g

s t r o n g l y m a g n e t i c

m a t e r i a l s

i s

d e c r e a s e d i n s u p p l y

t o

t h e h e a t i n g c o i l ,

t h e

r e s u l t w i l l b e o n e o f

o v e r h e a t i n g .

I t i s t h e r e f o r e a n o b j e c t o f t h e p r e s e n t

i n v e n t i o n

t o

p r o v i d e

f o r a

h i g h f r e q u e n c y i n d u c t i o n

h e a t i n g

a p p a r a

t u s h a v i n g a

c i r c u i t

which w i l l i m p a r t a n e a r l y e q u a l

h e a t i n g energy t o each a r t i c l e t o be h e a t e d even

w h e n

t h e q u a n t i t y o f r t i c l e s s u p p l i e d t o t h e

a p p a r a t u s

? u c t u

a t e s .

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

B r o a d l y a h i g h

f r e q u e n c y i n d u c t i o n h e a t i n g

c i r c u i t

a c c o r d i n g t o t h e i n v e n t i o n i n c l u d e s a

s e m i c o n d u c t o r

o s c i l l a t o r c i r c u i t

which h a s

a s e r i e s r e s o n a n c e c i r c u i t

which

i n

t u r n i n c l u d e s

a

h e a t i n g

c o i l and

a c o n d e n s e r . A

d e t e c t i o n c i r c u i t

i s

i n c l u d e d

f o r

d e t e c t i n g i m p e d a n c e

a n d

f r e q u e n c y v a r i a t i o n s i n

t h e

h e a t i n g c o i l .

I n a d d i t i o n

a

c u r r e n t c o n t r o l c i r c u i t i s

i n c l u d e d

f o r

c o n t r o l l i n g

c u r r e n t s u p p l i e d t o t h e h e a ti n g

c o i l

and which s r e s p o n

s i v e

t o t h e d e t e c t o r c i r c u i t . The c u r r e n t c o n t r o l c i r c u i t

i n c l u d e s a c o n t r o l g a i n r e g u l a t i o n

a p p a r a t u s whereby

c o n t r o l g a i n

o f

t h e c u r r e n t c o n t r o l

c i r c u i t

m a y

b e s e

l e c t e d s o t h a t c u r r e n t su p p l i e d t o t h e h e a ti n g c o i l be

comes

a non-constant

current c o n t r o l which may

be

v a r i e d

b y

t h e

g a i n r e g u l a t i o n

a p p a r a t u s t o v a r y

t h e

c u r r e n t s u p p l i e d t o t h e h e a t i n g

c o i l

i n

a c c o r d a n c e

w i t h

t h e number

o f a r t i c l e s

s u p p l i e d

t o

t h e

c o i l f o r

h e a t i n g .

The

i n d u c t i o n h e a t i n g

c i r c u i t

o f

t h e

i n v e n t i o n

i s

a l s o

c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n

t h a t , w h e n

t h e h e a t e d o b j e c t s

a r e

o f

n o n - m a g n e t i c m a t e r i a l s u c h a s

a l u m i n u m , t h e c o n t r o l

g a i n

o f t h e c u r r e n t

c o n t r o l c i r c u i t i s s e l e c t e d

s o

t h a t t h e

c u r r e n t

s u p p l i e d t o

t h e h e a ti n g

c o i l h a s a

f e e d b a c k

con

t r o l a c t i o n weaker t h a n any c o n s t a n t c u r r e n t

c o n t r o l ,

and

t h e

c u r r e n t

s u p p l i e d

t o

t h e

h e a t i n g

c o i l i n c r e a s e s a s

t h e

number

o f

h e a t e d

o b j e c t s

s u p p l i e d

t o t h e

h e a t i n g

zone

d e c r e a s e s .

The

i n d u c t i o n h e a t i n g

c i r c u i t

o f t h e i n v e n t i o n i s f u r

t h e r c h a r a c t e r i z e d

i n

t h a t , w h e n t h e h e a t e d o b j e c t s a r e

o f s t r o n g l y

m a g n e t i c

m a t e r i a l

s u c h

a s t i n

p l a t e ,

t h e con

t r o l g a i n o f

t h e c u r r e n t

c o n t r o l

c i r c u i t

i s s e l e c t e d s o

t h a t

t h e c u r r e n t

s u p p l i e d

t o t h e h e at i n g c o i l

h a s

a

f e e d b a c k

c o n t r o l a c t i o n stronger than

a n y

c o n s t a n t c u r r e n t

con

t r o l a n d t h e

c u r r e n t

s u p p l i e d t o t h e

h e a t i n g

c o i l d e

c r e a s e s a s t h e number o f h e a t e d o b j e c t s s u p p l i e d t o t h e

h e a t i n g z o n e

d e c r e a s e s .

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4 , 3 0 9 , 5 8 6

3

BRIEF

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1

i s

a b l o c k diagram o f a c i r c u i t

according

t o

t h e

i n v e n t i o n u t i l i z e d

f o r

h e a t i n g o b j e c t s mad e o f a

non

m a g n e t i c

m a t e r i a l ;

FIG. 2

i s

a b l o c k diagram ofa

c i r c u i t

a c c o r d i n g

t o t h e

i n v e n t i o n

u t i l i z e d f o r

h e a t i n g

o b j e c t s

m a d e

o f

a

m a g

n e t i c m a t e r i a l ;

FIG.

3 i s

a

broken p l a n

view

o f

a

h e a t i n g

a p p a r a t u s

f o r

h e a t i n g

m e t a l b o t t l e c a p s u t i l i z i n g

a

h i g h

f r e q u e n c y

i n d u c t i o n h e a ti n g

c i r c u i t

c o n s t r u c t e d a c c o r d i n g t o

t h e

i n v e n t i o n ;

FIG. 4

i s a n

e n l a r g e d s e c t i o n a l view

t a k e n

a l o n g

l i n e s

IV—IV f

FIG. 3 i l l u s t r t i n g

c o n s t r u c t i o n o f

a

h e a t i n g

s t a t i o n and g u i d e means

f o r g u i d i n g mo v eme n t

o f c a p s

t h r o u g h t h e s t a t i o n ;

FIG. 5 i s a

g r a p h

i l l u s t r a t i n g t e m p e r a t u r e c h a r a c t e r i s

t i c s o f a cap bottom

r e l a t i v e t o t h e

d i s t a n c e between

t h e

bottom s u r f a c e

o f

t h e m e t a l cap and t h e t w o ends of a

h e a t i n g c o i l c u r r e n t

c o n d u c t o r ;

FIG.

6

i s

a c i r c u i t

diagram

i l l u s t r a t i n g a

h i g h

f r e

quency

i n d u c t i o n

h e a t i n g c u r r e n t c o n s t r u c t e d a c c o r d

i n g t o t h e i n v e n t i o n ;

FIG. 7 i l l u s t r a t e s e l e c t r i c a l

w a v e forms

o f v a r i o u s

p a r t s

o f

F I G . 6 ; a n d ,

FIG.

8

i s a n en l a r g e d

s e c t i o n a l

view

i l l u s t r a t i n g p o s i

t i o n o f m e t a l

c a p s w i t h r e s p e c t

t o a

h e a t i n g

c o i l con

s t r u c t e d a c c o r d i n g

t o t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n .

BEST MODE

FOR

CARRYING

OUT

THE

INVENTION

R e f e r r i n g

t o FIG.

1 ,

a b l o c k c i r c u i t diagram

i s

i l l u s

t r a t e d

w h i c h

e x p l a i n s t h e

p r i n c i p l e s

o f t h e a p p a r a t u s

r e l a t i n g t o

t h e

p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n w h i c h i m p a r t s

e q u a l

amounts

o f

h e a t

t o

a r t i c l e s

such

a s b o t t l e

caps

by con

t r o l l i n g

t h e c u r r e n t

f l o w i n g i n

h e a t

c o i l 2 0 , a n d shows

t h e

c a s e

w h e n

t h e

m a t e r i a l o f

t h e

c a p s i s n o n - m a g n e t i c ,

such a s aluminum.

E i i s

t h e

r e f e r e n c e

v o l t a g e

a n d o r d i n a r i l y a

DC a r i

a b l e v o l t a g e i s u s e d .

Ef

s

a f e e d b a c k v o l t a g e , and

w h e n

a DC

o l t a g e i s

s e l e c t e d

f o r

B i , Ef s o r d i n a r i l y a DC o l t a g e .

E0

s t h e o u t p u t v o l t a g e

o f

G

n d

i s a h i g h f r e q u e n c y

v o l t a g e p r o p o r t i o n a l

t o

t h e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n

E i a n d

E f .

I t

i s r e p r e s e n t e d b y

1 2 0 : 0 ( 1 5 1 - 1 1 7 ) ( I )

Z

s

t h e

i m p e d a n c e

o f

t h e

h i g h f r e q u e n c y

h e a t i n g

c o i l

c i r c u i t ( a s e r i es c i r c u i t

o f

a

h e a t i n g

c o i l and a

c o n d e n s e r )

a n d

l / w c i s t h e

impedance

o f

c o n d e n s e r

8 0 .

H

e c t i ? e s t e r m i n a l v o l t a g e Ec o f condenser c and

i t

o b t a i n s

f e e d b a c k

v o l t a g e E f .

I t h a s

t h e r e l a t i o n

Ef= HEc ( 2 )

When h e

feedback

c o n t r o l

such a s s hown i n FIG. 1 i s

made,

t h e n

Eo becomes

E 0

:

. < 3 )

1 +

( 1 1 0 2

C o n s e q u e n t l y , c u r r e n t I ?owing

i n

t h e h e a t i n g

c o i l

i s

E0 ( 4 )

1 0

2 5

3 0

3 5

4 5

5 5

6 5

4

- c o n t i n u e d

( 1 1 C

The

f r e q u e n c y o f

E0 s c o n t r o l l e d

s o t h a t

i t

i s n e a r l y

t h a t

o f

t h e

h e a t i n g

c o i l

c i r c u i t ,

t h a t

i s ,

s o

t h a t

i t

i s

t h e

r e s o n a n c e f r e q u e n c y o f t h e s e r i e s c i r c u i t o f h e a t i n g c o i l

2 0

and

c o n d e n s e r 8 0 .

O r d i n a r i l y , w h e n h e a t i n g non

m a g n e t i c m a t e r i a l s

w i t h

t h e

h e a t i n g c o i l ,

t h e

i n d u c t a n c e

component

o f

t h e h e a ti n g

c o i l

d e c r e a s e s

a n d t h e r e s i s

t a n c e component i n c r e a s e s .

C o n s e q u e n t l y ,

t h e f r e

quency

of E0 i n c r e a s e s a s t h e number

o f caps

n h e a t e d

b y t h e h e a t i n g c o i l i n c r e a s e s .

T h i s

i s a p p r o x i m a t e d

b y

a n d

i m p e d a n c e Z

o f

t h e h e a t i n g

c o i l c i r c u i t

i s

a p p r o x i

m a t e d

b y

H e r e ,

m 0

a n d

R0

a r e r e s p e c t i v e l y t h e a n g u l a r

f r e q u e n c y

o f

E0 a n d t h e

r e s i s t a n c e o f

t h e h e a t i n g c o i l when t h e

caps

a r e

n o t b e i n g

h e a t e d

and

k 1

and

k ; a r e

c o n s t a n t s .

S u b s t i t u t i n g

E q u a t i o n s

( 5 ) a n d ( 6 ) i n E q u a t i o n

( 4 ) ,

we

g e t

1 = 6 H6

5 , ( 7 )

R°(1+k2n)+ wu(l+k|n]c

Hence, s i n c e w e g e t

I n n < <1 ( 8 )

t h e d e n o m i n a t o r

o f E q u a t i o n

( 7 )

i s a p p r o x i m a t e d

b y

HG HG/q

R a + m o c + ( R o k 1 — m a c "

When t h e

f r e q u e n c y

o f

E0

s

f i x e d w i t h o u t

r e g a r d t o t h e

number

o f

c a p s n , i f c u r r e n t I

o f t h e

h e a t i n g

c o i l

i s

k e p t

f i x e d ,

e q u a l

a m o u n t s o f

h e a t

w i l l b e i m p a r t e d

t o

t h e

c a p s ,

b u t

when

t h e

f r e q u e n c y

v a r i e s ,

i f

c u r r e n t

I

o f

t h e

h e a t i n g

c o i l

i s

n o t

c o n t r o l l e d

i n r e s p o n s e

t h e r e t o , e q u a l

amounts o f

h e a t

cannot be imparted t o

t h e

c a p s .

O r d i n a r i l y ,

when

t h e

c u r r e n t ?owing

i n

t h e

h e a t i n g

c o i l s i s c o n s t a n t ,

t h e

h i g h e r t h e f r e q u e n c y t h e g r e a t e r

t h e amount

o f h e a t

i m p a r t e d t o

t h e h e a t e d

o b j e c t s .

W h e n

t h e c a p m a t e r i a l i s n o n - m a g n e t i c

s u c h

a s a l u m i

num, s i n c e t h e f r e q u e n c y i n c r e a s e s a s t h e

number

o f

c a p s

i n c r e a s e s , i t

w i l l be n e c e s s a r y

t o

d e c r e a s e t h e c u r

r e n t

of

t h e

h e a t i n g c o i l i n order

t o

s u p p r e s s

an i n c r e a s e

i n

t h e t e m p e r a t u r e

r i s e

o f

t h e c a p s

b e c a u s e o f

t h e f r e

q u e n c y i n c r e a s e c o m p o n e n t . T a k i n g t h e

p r o p o r t i o n

o f

t h i s

d e c r e a s e a s k 3,

we

e t

and i n o r d e r

t o

h o l d

t h e

t e m p e r a t u r e r i s e o f e a c h c a p

c o n s t a n t ,

we must

e s t a b l i s h

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4 , 3 0 9 , 5 8 6

HG

( 9 0 6

( l l )

R n k l

K i

: ,,

RM?

and

i t

w i l l

be understood

t h a t

t h e

v a l u e o f HG

an

be

d e t e r m i n e d f r o m t h i s

e q u a t i o n

t o

g e t

HG ( 1 2 )

( o n e

R0

I n t h i s

m a n n e r ,

w h e n t h e

f e e d b a c k

c o n t r o l c h a r a c t e r i s

t i c s a r e d e t e r m i n e d

t o

s a t i s f y E q u a t i o n ( 1 2 ) , i t

becomes

p o s s i b l e

t o p e r f o r m

t h e h e a t i n g

a c t i o n w i t h a

c o n s t a n t l y

u n i f o r m e n e r g y r e g a r d l e s s o f

t h e number o f h e a t e d

o b j e c t s b e i n g s u p p l i e d .

R e f e r r i n g

t o FIG. 2 , a

b l o c k

c i r c u i t diagram

i s

i l l u s

t r a t e d w h i c h e x p l a i n s t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f t h e a p p a r a t u s

t h a t c o n t r o l s

t h e c u r r e n t o f h e a t i n g

c o i l 2 0 a n d i m p a r t s

a uniform amount o f h e a t t o each a r t i c l e such a s a b o t t l e

c a p , w h e n t h e

c a p s

a r e

s t r o n g l y

m a g n e t i c , s u c h a s t i n

p l a t e

o r t i n - f r e e s t e e l .

I n

t h i s c a s e ,

s i n c e

f e e d b a c k

c i r c u i t

Ef s p r o p o r t i o n a l

t o t h e t e r m i n a l

v o l t a g e

o f

i n d u c t a n c e L , c u r r e n t I

o f

t h e

h e a t i n g c o i l becomes

__G_ __ ( 1 3 }

I

' z + wLHG E’

O r d i n a r i l y

w h e n

h e a t i n g s t r o n g l y m a g n e t i c m a t e r i a l ,

t h e

i n d u c t a n c e

component and t h e r e s i s t a n c e compo

n e n t o f t h e h e a t i n g

c o i l

i n c r e a s e . C o n s e q u e n t l y , t h e

f r e q u e n c y o f

E0

s

a p p r o x i m a t e d

b y

m = w o ( l — k 1 n ) ( 1 4 )

a n d t h e i m p e d a n c e

o f

t h e h e a t i n g c o i l

c i r c u i t i s a p p r o x i

m a t e d b y

When E q u a t i o n s

( 1 4 ) a n d ( 1 5 ) a r e s u b s t i t u t e d

i n

Equa

t i o n ( 3 3 ) , w e g e t

I

= ( 1 6 )

When t h e m a t e r i a l o f t h e

c a p s

i s s t r o n g l y m a g n e t i c , t h e

f r e q u e n c y

d e c r e a s e s a s t h e number o f

c a p s

i n c r e a s e s , s o

t h a t

i n o r d e r t o s u p p r e s s a

t e m p e r a t u r e

drop i n t h e c a p s

c a u s e d b y ' t h e

f r e q u e n c y

d e c r e a s e c o m p o n e n t , i t i s n e c

e s s a r y t o i n c r e a s e t h e

c u r r e n t i n

t h e h e a t i n g c o i l ,

and

t a k i n g t h e p r o p o r t i o n

o f h i s i n c r e a s e

a s k 3 ’ , i f w e t a k e i t

t h a t

I = I 0 ( l + k 3 n ) ( 1 ' )

t h e n i n o r d e r t o make t h e

t e m p e r a t u r e

r i s e o f

e a c h

cap

c o n s t a n t

i t

w i l l be

n e c e s s a r y t o e s t a b l i s h t h a t

and from

t h i s e q u a t i o n w e g e t

5

2 0

2 5

3 5

40

4 5

60

( 1 3 ) 6 5

moLHG

R 0

k 2 ’ +

k 3 ’ ( 1 9 )

: 1’ —

3 ’

i t b e i n g

u n d e r s t o o d

t h a t w e can

d e t e r m i n e

t h e

v a l u e o f

HG. A l t h o u g h t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n

w i l l

b e a p p a r e n t

f r o m

t h e e x p l a n a t i o n

a b o v e ,

t h e y

w i l l

b e f u r t h e r e x p l a i n e d n e x t

i n t e r m s

o f

s p e c i f i c h i g h f r e

q u e n c y

i n d u c t i o n h e a t i n g

a p p a r a t u s .

F I G . 3 i s a n

e x a m p l e o f

a h i g h f r e q u e n c y

i n d u c t i o n

h e a t i n g

a p p a r a t u s

i n c l u d i n g

t h e h e a t i n g c i r c u i t r e l a t i n g

t o

t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n

wherein

c a p s

t h a t a r e

t h e

ob

j e c t s

o f

t h e

h e a t i n g

a r e

h e a t e d c o n t i n u o u s l y .

A

l u r a l i t y

o f s e m i c i r c u l a r n o t c h e s 1 2 a r e p o s i t i o n e d

a t e q u a l

i n t e r

v a l s on t h e

p e r i p h e r y

o f a r o t a t i n g t a b l e 1 0 which i s

r o t a t e d

by a d r i v e

a p p a r a t u s n o t i l l u s t r a t e d . Each

n o t c h

1 2 i s s u p p l i e d s u c c e s s i v e l y

with a cap

1 6

from a

c h u t e

1 4 . Caps 1 6 a r e a r r a n g e d i n c h u t e 1 4

w i t h

t h e i r bottoms

f a c i n g downwards, a n d a r e i n s e r te d i n d i v i d u a l l y

i n t o

each n o t c h 1 2 . The c a p s 1 6 a r e t h e n mo v e d n t h e d i r e c ~

t i o n

o f

t h e

arrow

A

y

r o t a t i o n

o f

t a b l e

1 0 .

The

c a p s

a r e

h e a t e d

t o a d e s i r e d

t e m p e r a t u r e ,

f o r example

l O 0 ° - 2 0 0 °

C . ,

b y h i g h

f r e q u e n c y

i n d u c t i o n h e a t i n g

a t

h e a t i n g s t a

t i o n 1 8 , and a r e t h e n d e l i v e r e d

t o a

s u c c e e d i n g p a c k i n g

m a t e r i a l s u p p l y

s t a t i o n .

H e a t i n g

s t a t i o n

1 8 i s f u r n i s h e d

w i t h two

w i n d i n g s o f

a h e a t i n g c o i l 2 0 and a h i g h f r e q u e n c y

c u r r e n t

from

h i g h f r e q u e n c y power s o u r c e

2 2 , i n c l u d i n g

a s e m i c o n

d u c t o r o s c i l l a t o r c o m p r i s i n g

a

t r a n s i s t o r o s c i l l a t o r i s

s u p p l i e d

t o

h e a t i n g c o i l 2 9 . The c o n s t r u c t i o n o f h e a t i n g

s t a t i o n 1 8 i s

shown

i n

g r e a t e r d e t a i l

a n d i n

s e c t i o n a l

view

i n

FIG. 4 .

As

shown i n FIG. 4 ,

c u r r e n t

c o n d u c t o r s

24 and 2 6

f o r m i n g

t h e

h i g h f r e q u e n c y i n d u c t i o n h e a t i n g c o i l a r e

imbedded

i n

a n

a r e

s h a p e d

c o i l

b a s e

p l a t e

2 8 c o m p r i s e d

o f

a

magnetic m a t e r i a l such a s f e r r i t e and a t t a c h e d

un

d e r n e a t h

t h e p e r i p h e r a l s u r f a c e

o f

t h e r o t a t a b l e

t a b l e 1 0 .

C o n s e q u e n t l y , e a c h c a p 1 6 t h a t i s t r a n s p o r t e d

by

t a b l e

1 0 i s i n d u c t i o n h e a t e d by

h e a t i n g

s t a t i o n 1 8 , a n d

a t

t h e

t i m e o f

t h i s

h e a t i n g a c t i o n , e a c h c a p 1 6 i s g u i d e d

i n

t h e

t r a n s p o r t r o u t e by

g u i d e

w a l l

3 0

a t t ac h e d n e a r t h e

p e

r i p h e r y

o f

t h e

t a b l e

1 0

a n d

b y g u i d e

p l a t e

3 2 a t t a c h e d a t

t h e

u p p e r s u r f a c e

n e a r t h e p e r i p h e r y o f

t a b l e

1 0 .

M e t a l

c a p s

u s e d p r e v i o u s l y o r d i n a r i l y c o m p r i s e d

s t r o n g

m a n g e t i c

m a t e r i a l s

s u c h

a s t i n p l a t e o r t i n f r e e

s t e e l ,

b u t

i n r e c e n t y e a r s ,

n o n - m a g n e t i c

m a t e r i a l

such

a s

a l u m i n u m , aluminum a l l o y , copper a n d b r a s s have come

i n t o

w i d e s p r e a d

u s e .

A l s o c a p s made

o f weak m a g n e t i c

m a t e r i a l s such

a s

low

carbon s t e e l

p l a t e have come i n t o

u s e .

With t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n

o f

non-magnetic o r

weak

m a g n e t i c

c a p s ,

i t h a s b e e n f o u n d t h a t

b e c a u s e

o f t h e

f o r c e

o f

e p u l s i o n f o r m e d b y

t h e h i g h f r e q u e n c y

h e a t i n g

c o i l

m a g n e t i c

? e l d

a n d

t h e i n d u c t i o n c u r r e n t i n d u c e d

on

and

n e a r t h e bottoms of t h e c a p s , t h e c a p s t e n d

t o

f l o t

over a n d jump on

the t r a n s p o r t i n g means

such

a s

con

v e y o r s , m a k i n g

i t

i m p o s s i b l e

i n

p r a c t i c e

t o

s u f f i c i e n t l y

h e a t t h e c a p s .

i n t h e

e x a m p l e i l l u s t r a t e d i n FIG.

4 ,

i t

w i l l

b e a p p a r

e n t t h a t s i n c e g u i d e p l a t e 3 2 i s f u r n i s h e d a b o v e c a p s 1 6 ,

t h e open

s u r f a c e s

o f

t h e

c a p s 1 6

w i l l

c o n t a c t

t h e f a c i n g

s u r f a c e 3 2 a

o f

g u i d e p l a t e 3 2 , a n d t h a t c a p s 1 6

w i l l b e

t r a n s p o r t e d b y r o t a t i n g t a b l e 1 0 w h i l e s l i d i n g a l o n g

f a c i n g

s u r f a c e

3 2 a . C o n s e q u e n t l y , b o t t o m s 1 6 a

o f c a p s

1 6

w i l l

a l w a y s move

a t

a

p r e d e t e r m i n e d p r e s c r i b e d

i n t e r v a l from c u r r e n t

c o n d u c t o r s 24 and 26

and t h e

bottoms 1 6 a o f

c a p s

1 6 w i l l b e

i n d u c t i o n h e a t e d u n i

f o r m l y and

a t a good

e f f i c i e n c y . As a r e s u l t a d h e s i v e

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4 , 3 0 9 , 5 8 6

7

primer

34

adhered t o

t h e

bottom

1 6 a

w i l l be h e a t e d t o a

t e m p e r a t u r e

s u i t a b l e f o r e x c e l l e n t a d h e s i v e a c t i o n .

Guide

p l a t e 3 2 can b e a d j u s t e d a s

d e s i r e d

t o

a

?xed

p o s i t i o n u p w a r d s o r d o w n w a r d s ,

s u c h

t h a t

t h e i n t e r v a l

b e t w e e n

t h e

h e a t i n g s t a t i o n

1 8 a n d

t h e

f a c i n g

s u r f a c e

3 2 0 c a n

b e

a d j u s t e d t o accommodate c a p s

h a v i n g d i f f e r

e n t h e i g h t s

making

i t

p o s s i b l e

t o m a i n t a i n b o t t o m s 1 6 a

o f

c a p s

1 6 a t t h e m o s t s u i t a b l e

p o s i t i o n

f o r h e a t i n g .

S i n c e t h e

? o a t i n g a n d

j u m p i n g

c a p s c o l l i d e w i t h g u i d e

p l a t e

3 2 ,

i t i s n e c e s s a r y

t h a t t h e r e

b e no

d e f o r m a t i o n o r

damage f r o m

t h e

f o r c e o f s u c h i m p a c t .

F u r t h e r ,

f a c i n g

s u r f a c e

3 2 0 m u s t

a l s o

s a t i s f y

t h e

r e q u i r e m e n t s t h a t i t

have a

smooth

s u r f a c e s o t h a t t h e

open

s u r f a c e o f c a p s

1 6

w i l l

s l i d e a n d

t h a t

t h e r e b e l i t t l e

l i k e l i h o o d

o f f r i c t i o n

damage c a u s e d b y t h e

s l i d i n g o f

c a p s

1 6 . I n

t h e e x a m p l e

i l l u s t r a t e d ,

t e m p e r e d g l a s s p l a t e

h a v i n g

a

t h i c k n e s s o f

5 - 1 0

m i l l i m e t e r s

i s u s e d

a s

g u i d e

p l a t e

3 2 and t h i s

tem

p e r e d

g l a s s p l a t e

h a s

t h e f u r t h e r a d v a n t a g e

o f a l l o w i n g

o b s e r v a t i o n s o f t h e s t a t e o f t r a n s p o r t o f c a p s 1 6 w h i l e

p a s s i n g t h r o u g h t h e

h e a t i n g

s t a t i o n .

I n

o r d e r

t h a t o b j e c t s

made o f n o n - m a g n e t i c m a t e r i a l s

may

b e

e f f e c t i v e l y h e a t e d , t h e i n t e r v a l

between

t h e

c u r r e n t

conductors and t h e o b j e c t s

should

be a s s m a l l a s

p o s s i b l e . F I G . 5 shows t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f

t e m p e r a ‘

t u r e r i s e r a t e a

of

cap

bottom

1 6 0 a g a i n s t

i n t e r v a l

1

between

cap

bottom

1 6 a and t h e u p p e r end

o f

conduc

t o r s

2 4 a n d

2 6 .

As w i l l

b e a p p a r e n t

f r o m t h i s

g r a p h ,

i t i s

n e c e s s a r y t h a t t h e d i s t a n c e

I between t h e

c a p

bottom

1 6 a

and

t h e

c o n d u c t o r s 24 and 2 6 b e

l e s s

t h a n

4

m i l l i m e

t e r s ,

and

p r e f e r a b l y l e s s t h a n 3 m i l l i m e t e r s .

On t h e o t h e r h a n d ,

i n

t h e c a s e o f o b j e c t s

c o m p r i s i n g

s t r o n g

m a g n e t i c m a t e r i a l s ,

t h e

c o u p l i n g

b e t w e e n t h e

h e a t i n g c o i l a n d

t h e o b j e c t s

w i l l b e s t r o n g

m a k i n g i t

unnecessary t o

have a

s m a l l

i n t e r v a l between t h e t w o ,

and i n

o r d e r

t o g e t t h e same e f f e c t i v e matching a s w i t h

n o n ~ m a g n e t i c

m a t e r i a l s ,

t h e

i n t e r v a l

b e t w e e n

t h e

two

c a n b e s e t c o m p a r a t i v e l y w i d e r ,

p r e f e r a b l y

a t 4 - 6 m i l l i

meters.

FIG.

6 i l l u s t r a t e s a n e x a m p l e o f

a

h i g h f r e q u e n c y

i n d u c t i o n h e a ti n g c i r c u i t

c o n s t r u c t e d

a c c o r d i n g

t o

t h e

i n v e n t i o n

t h a t

c o n t a i n s

a

h e a t i n g

c o i l

20

l o c a t e d

a t

a

h e a t i n g

s t a t i o n o f

a h e at i n g

a p p a r a t u s .

The o u t p u t o f a

power s o u r c e a p p a r a t u s 42 h a s i t s c u r r e n t s u p p l y t o

h e a t i n g

c o i l 2 0 c o n t r o l l e d

by

a

c u r r e n t c o n t r o l

c i r c u i t

4 4 , and t h i s o u t p u t i s s u p p l i e d

t o a

s e m i c o n d u c t o r o s c i l

l a t o r

c i r c u i t c o m p r i s i n g

a t r a n s i s to r o s c i l l a t o r

c i r c u i t 48

v i a

a smoothing c i r c u i t

4 6 .

The c u r r e n t

s u p p l y

t o h e a t

i n g

c o i l 2 0

o f

t r a n s i s t o r o s c i l l a t o r c i r c u i t 4 8 i s d e t e c t e d

by

d e t e c t i o n c i r c u i t 5 0 a n d

t h i s

d e t e c t i o n

s i g n a l

i s

s u p

p l i e d t o

t h e

c u r r e n t

c o n t r o l

c i r c u i t 4 4 .

Po w er s o u r c e

a p p a r a t u s

4 2

i n c l u d e s

a t h r e e - p h a s e AC

power s o u r c e 5 2 , a n d

a f t e r

i t s t h r e e - p h a s e o u t p u t h a s

b e e n

r e c t i ? e d b y r e c t i ? e r

5 4 ,

t h e

r i p p l e

i s r e m o v e d b y

s m o o t h i n g

c o i l

5 6 a n d c o n d e n s e r 5 8

a n d i s t h e n

s u p p l i e d

t o

t h e c o l l e c t o r

of c o n t r o l

t r a n s i s t o r 60

of

t h e

c u r r e n t

c o n t r o l

c i r c u i t

4 4 . C o n t r o l t r a n s i s t o r

6 0

p u l s e

w i d t h

c o n t r o l s t h e DC smoothing

o u t p u t

from power s o u r c e

a p p a r a t u s 4 2

a n d t h e

o u t p u t

i s

s u p p l i e d f r o m t h e e m i t t e r

t o s m o o t h i n g c i r c u i t

4 6 .

P o w er

source

apparatus

42 i n c l u d e s a c o n s t a n t v o l t ~

a g e

c i r c u i t

a n d

t h e

c o n s t a n t v o l t a g e o u t p u t

i s

s u p p l i e d

t o s m o o t h i n g c i r c u i t 4 6 a l t h o u g h

i n

t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n

t i o n i t i s a l s o p o s s i b l e t o f u r n i s h a c o n s t a n t

v o l t a g e c i r

c u i t forward o f powr s o u r c e a p p a r a t u s 4 2 .

Smoothing

c i r c u i t 4 6 i n c l u d e s

a s m o o t h i n g

c o i l 6 2 ,

a

condenser 6 4 and a f l y w h e e l d i o d e 6 6 . The

c i r c u i t

4 6

r e c t i ? e s t h e

p u l s e

w i d t h c o n t r o l l e d p u l s e w a v e form

a n d s u p p l i e s t h e r e s p e c t i v e c o l l e c t o r s o f t r a n s i s t o r s 6 8

0

5

20

2 5

3 5

4 5

5 0

8

and 7 0 i n o s c i l l a t o r c i r c u i t 4 8 . T r a n s i s t o r s

6 8

and

7 0

a l s o

f o r m

a n

o s c i l l a t i o n

s w i t c h i n g t r a n s i s t o r

g r o u p t o g e t h e r

w i t h

o t h e r

t r a n s i s t o r s 7 2 a n d 7 4 a n d t h e t r a n s i s t o r p a i r

6 8 and 7 4 and t h e t r a n s i s t o r

p a i r

7 0 and

7 2

a r e

r e s p e c

t i v e l y o n - o f f

c o n t r o l l e d

by a

c o n t r o l

s i g n a l f r o m a

s w i t c h i n g

c o n t r o l

c i r c u i t

7 6 . An

o u t p u t t r a n s f o r m e r

primary

c o i l

77

i s

connected

on

one

s i d e

between

t h e

e m i t t e r o f t r a n s i s t o r 6 8 and t h e c o l l e c t o r o f t r a n s i s t o r 7 2

and on a n o t h e r s i d e between t h e e m i t t e r o f t r a n s i s t o r

70

and

t h e

c o l l e c t o r of t r a n s i s t o r 7 4 . A s e r i e s r e s o n a n c e

c i r c u i t i n c l u d i n g h e at i n g c o i l 2 0 a n d c o n d e n s e r 8 0

i s

c o n n e c t e d t o o u t p u t t r a n s f o r m e r s e c o n d a r y

c o i l

7 8 . The

t e r mi n a l v o l t a g e o f c o n d e n s o r

8 0

i s s u p p l i e d t o s w i t c h »

i n g

c o n t r o l c i r c u i t

7 6

a n d t h e r e s o n a n c e

f r e q u e n c y

o f

t h e s e r i e s r e s o n a n c e c i r c u i t

i s s u p p l i e d from

t h e t e r m i n a l

v o l t a g e

v a r i a t i o n o f c o n d e n s e r 8 0 t o s w i t c h i n g c o n t r o l

c i r c u i t 7 6 .

The

o s c i l l a t i o n f r e q u e n c y o f t r a n s i s t o r o s c i l

l a t o r

c i r c u i t 4 8

and

t h e s w i t c h i n g a c t i o n s o f t h e

s e v e r a l

t r a n s i s t o r s 6 8 ,

7 0 , 7 2

and

7 4 a r e d e t e r m i n e d

by

t h e

r e s o

nance f r e q u e n c y .

The t e r m i n a l v o l t a g e o f c o n d e n s e r

8 0

i s a l s o s u p p l i e d

t o a

d e t e c t o r

c i r c u i t 50 such t h a t t h e output

c u r r e n t

of

t h e h e a ti n g

c o i l

2 0 i s

d e t e c t e d

b y

d e t e c t i o n

c i r c u i t

5 0 .

Detection

c i r c u i t 50

h a s

a r e c t i ? e r

and

c o n v e r t s t h e

o u t p u t v o l t a g e o f c o n d e n s e r 8 0 , c o m p r i s i n g a n

AC

i g

n a l , t o DC o l t a g e .

The d e t e c t i o n s i g n a l

o f

d e t e c t i o n s i g n a l 5 0 i s s u p p l i e d

t o

t h e

c u r r e n t

c o n t r o l c i r c u i t 44

s o

t h a t t h e

supply

cur

r e n t s u p p l i e d from power source

a p p a r a t u s

42 t o o s c i l l a

t o r c i r c u i t

4 8

v i a

smoothing

c i r c u i t

4 6 i s c o n t r o l l e d a s

e x p l a i n e d below w i t h

r e f e r e n c e

t o t h e

waveform

d i a

gram o f FIG. 7 .

High

f r e q u e n c y s i g n a l

waveform

2 0 0 i n F I G .

7

i l l u s

t r a t e s

t h e t e r m i n a l v o l t a g e o f c o n d e n s e r 8 0

o f

t h e s e r i e s

r e s o n a n c e

c i r c u i t

a n d t h e o u t p u t o f d e t e c t i o n

c i r c u i t

5 0

t h a t

h a s r e c t i ? e d

t h i s

t e r m i n a l

v o l t a g e i s

shown s

s i g n a l

2 0 2 . O u t p u t

s i g n a l 2 0 2 o f d e t e c t i o n c i r c u i t 5 0

s

s u p p l i e d

v i a r e s i s t a n c e

84

t o

an

i n p u t t e r m i n a l on one s i d e of a

d i f f e r e n t i a l a m p l i ? e r 82

o f c u r r e n t

c o n t r o l c i r c u i t 4 4 .

An

i n p u t

t e r m i n a l on

t h e o t h e r

s i d e

o f a m p l i ? e r

8 2

i s

s u p p l i e d

w i t h

a r e f e r e n c e v o l t a g e

from

a r e f e r e n c e v o l t »

age g e n e r a t o r c o m p r i s i n g r e f e r e n c e power s o u r c e 86

and

a v a r i a b l e

r e s i s t a n c e 8 8 . The d e t e c t i o n

s i g n a l

2 0 2

and t h e r e f e r e n c e v o l t a g e a r e t h e n

compared

i n

t h e

a m p l i f i e r . A

o n t r o l

g a i n r e g u l a t i o n a p p a r a t u s c o m p r i s

i n g v a r i a b l e r e s i s t a n c e 9 0 i s

i n s t a l l e d

b e t w e e n t h e i n p u t

a n d o u t p u t o f

d i f f e r e n t i a l

a m p l i ? e r

8 2 ,

whereby a s u p

p l y c u r r e n t c o n t r o l g a i n

i s

f u r n i s h e d

t o

h e a t i n g

c o i l 2 0 a s

d e s i r e d

b y t h e c u r r e n t c o n t r o l c i r c u i t . O u t p u t 2 0 4 o f

a m p l i ? e r 8 2

i s

s u p p l i e d

t o a

v o l t a g e

p u l s e

w i d t h

t r a n s

ducer

9 2 . The o u t p u t o f power s o u r c e

a p p a r a t u s 4 2

i s

s u p p l i e d

t o

v o l t a g e

p u l s e

w i d t h

t r a n s d u c e r

9 2 a n d

a

t r i a n g u l a r w a v e

2 0 6 h a v i n g

a n

i n c l i n e

c o r r e s p o n d i n g

t o

t h e

o u t p u t

v o l t a g e

o f

power

s o u r c e

a p p a r a t u s 42

i s

formed

w i t h i n t r a n s d u c e r 9 2 . Transducer 9 2 , a s

w i l l b e

a p p a r e n t from t h e waveform drawing i n FIG.

7 ,

com

p a r e s t r i a n g u l a r w a v e 2 0 6 and

o u t p u t

2 0 4

o f a m p l i ? e r 8 2

and s u p p l i e s

a n

on s i g n a l

t o t h e

b a s e o f t r a n s i s t o r

6 0

o n l y

i n t h e p e r i o d

when

t h e v o l t a g e o f t r i a n g u l a r wave 2 0 6

e x c e e d s t h e

v o l t a g e o f

s i g n a l 2 0 4 . C o n s e q u e n t l y ,

a n

o u t p u t s i g n a l shown a s

p u l s e

waveform

2 0 8 i s

s u p p l i e d

from

t h e

e m i t t e r

o f

t r a n s i s t o r 6 0

t o

smoothing c i r c u i t

4 6

a n d t h i s

s m o o t h i n g

o u t p u t

2 1 0 i s s u p p l i e d

t o

t r a n s i s t o r

o s c i l l a t o r c i r c u i t 4 8 .

V o l t a g e

p u l s e w i d t h t r a n s d u c e r 9 2 i n FIG. 6

a l s o

h a s

t h e

f u n c t i o n o f c o m p e n s a t i n g

f o r t h e

o u t p u t v o l t a g e

f l u c t u a t i o n o f power s o u r c e

a p p a r a t u s

4 2 . That i s , t r i

angular

w a v e

206 of transducer 92

h a s

an i n c l i n e c o r r e ~

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4 , 3 0 9 , 5 8 6

9

sponding t o t h e

power

s o u r c e v o l t a g e

o f power

s o u r c e

a p p a r a t u s

4 2 ,

a n d when t h e power s o u r c e

v o l t a g e

h a s

d e c l i n e d ,

t h i s i n c l i n e

b e c o m e s

a b r u p t

a s

shown by

t h e

b r o k e n

l i n e 2 0 6 0 i n FIG. ' 7 w i t h t h e

r e s u l t

t h a t t h e o u t

p u t p u l s e o f c u r r e n t c o n t r o l c i r c u i t

4 4

h a s i t s

p u l s e

w i d t h

i n c r e a s e d ,

a s

shown by t h e

b r o k e n

l i n e

2 0 8 0 . and

b e c a u s e o f

h i s ,

t h e r e i s a n

i n c r e a s e

i n t h e

s u p p l y

c u r r e n t

s u p p l i e d t o t r a n s i st o r o s c i l l a t o r c i r c u i t 4 8 . I n t h i s

m a n

n e r , f o l l o w i n g t h e

e x a m p l e o f FIG. 6 ,

t h e

power s o u r c e

v o l t a g e ? u c t u a t i o n o f power s o u r c e a p p a r a t u s

42

c a n

a l s o

b e r e l i a b l y c o m p e n s a t e d .

F o l l o w i n g t h e

i n d u c t i o n h e a t i n g

c i r c u i t a c c o r d i n g t o

t h e

p r e s e n t

i n v e n t i o n a s shown

a b o v e ,

i t i s p o s s i b l e t o

a s s u r e t h a t c o n s t a n t h e a t i n g e n e r g y i s i m p a r t e d t o a r t i

c l e s

b y t h e h e a t i n g

c o i l n o t

w i t h st a n d i n g f r e q u e n c y

v a r i a t i o n s

a n d

l o a d

i m p e d a n c e s v a r y i n g i n t h e h e a t i n g

c o i l b e c a u s e of change n numbers o f a r t i c l e s o r b e c a u s e

o f c h a n g e

i n

t h e e l e c t r i c a l p r o p e r t i e s

o f

t h e

a r t i c l e s

t o b e

h e a t e d . T h i s

i s a c c o m p l i s h e d b y r e l i a b l y

d e t e c t i n g

f l u c

t u a t i o n s

i n t h e h i g h

f r e q u e n c y

c u r r e n t o f h e a t i n g c o i l 2 0

a n d u s i n g f e e d b a c k c o n t r o l o f t h e s u p p l y c u r r e n t

s u p

p l i e d from

power s o u r c e

a p p a r a t u s 42 t o o s c i l l a t o r

c i r

c u i t

4 8 which f e e d b a c k c o n t r o l

depends on

t h e d e t e c

t i o n v o l t a g e o f h e a t i n g

c o i l 2 0 .

The p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n

i s

not c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n t h a t t h e

c u r r e n t

v a l u e of

h e a t i n g

c o i l 2 0 s c o n t r o l l e d

t o

c o n s t a n c y . R a t h e r

t

i s

c h a r a c t e r

i z e d i n

t h a t

t h e c u r r e n t s u p p l i e d

t o

t h e h e at i n g c o i l

2 9

i s

v a r i e d by t h e

number

o f c a p s s u p p l i e d

s u c h t h a t

t h e

e n e r g y i m p a r t e d

by

t h e

h e a t i n g

c o i l 2 0 t o t h e

a r t i c l e s

i s

c o n t r o l l e d

t o c o n s t a n c y , and

a s a

r e s u l t ,

t h e a r t i c l e s a r e

h e a t e d a t

c o n s t a n t l y

u n i f o r m

t e m p e r a t u r e s .

O r d i n a r i l y

w h e n a

c o n s t a n t c u r r e n t i s s u p p l i e d

t o t h e

h e a t i n g c o i l 2 0 , t h e h e a t i n g t e m p e r a t u r e o r h e a t i n g e n

ergy

o f

t h e a r t i c l e s t o be h e a t e d

s h o u l d

be m a i n t a i n e d

c o n s t a n t , b u t b e c a u s e o f v a r i a t i o n s

i n

t h e l o a d

i m p e

d a n c e o f

h e a t i n g

c o i l

2 0 ,

t h e r e

w i l l

b e

v a r i a t i o n s

i n

t h e

r e s o n a n c e f r e q u e n c y o f

t h e

h e a t i n g

c o i l c i r c u i t e v e n

i f

t h e

s u p p l y

c u r r e n t t o t h e h e a t i n g

c o i l i s k e p t

c o n s t a n t .

The r e s u l t

i s

t h a t

i n

a c t u a l

p r a c t i c e i t w i l l b e

i m p o s s i b l e

t o

h e a t

a l l a r t i c l e s at

a

uniform

t e m p e r a t u r e .

For e x a m

p l e , i n a c a s e w h e n d i f f e r e n t numbers

o f n o n - m a g n e t i c

m e t a l

c a p s a r e s u p p l i e d t o t h e h e a ti n g

a p p a r a t u s

shown

i n FIG. 1 under c o n d i t i o n s where a c o n s t a n t c u r r e n t

?ows

i n

t h e h e a t i n g c o i l , marked f l u c t u a t i o n s w i l l b e

s e e n i n

t h e h e a t i n g

t e m p e r a t u r e o f

e a c h m e t a l

c a p . T a b l e

1 shows t h e h e a t i n g t e m p e r a t u r e 9 o f t h e m e t a l c a p , t h e

s u p p l y

c u r r e n t 1 8

a n d t h e o u t p u t

v o l t a g e

VB o f

s m o o t h i n g c i r c u i t 4 6 compared t o

t h e n u m b e r s

o f m e t a l

c a p s s u p p l i e d w hen a f e e d b a c k r a t i o i s s tr o n g l y a p p l i e d

b y

m a n i p u l a t i n g

t h e c o n t r o l g a i n

r e g u l a t i n g

a p p a r a t u s

90

o f c u r r e n t

c o n t r o l c i r c u i t

44 n o r d e r t o m a i n t a i n t h e

s u p p l y c u r r e n t

t o

h e a t i n g c o i l 2 0 c o n s t a n t

which cur

r e n t

i s r e p r e s e n t e d b y t h e o u t p u t t e r m i n a l

v o l t a g e

Vc f

condenser 80

i n FIG. 4 .

TABLE

Cap Q u a n t i t y

Vb

I B

9

( N u m b e r )

( V o l t s )

( A m p e r e s ) ( ‘ C . )

l 9 5 3 0 8 0

9

I 6 0 3 2 R 1 0

1 8 2 0 0

3 3 1 3 0

( V c : c o n s t a n t )

As w i l l b e

a p p a r e n t

f r o m T a b l e

i ,

w h e n c o n d e n s e r

t e r m i n a l

v o l t a g e

Vc

s

c o n t r o l l e d t o

a

c o n s t a n t v a l u e ,

t h e e n e r g y

i m p a r t e d

t o t h e c a p s , t h a t

i s

t h e t e m p e r a t u r e

r i s e ,

d e c r e a s e s a s

t h e number o f

n o n - m a g n e t i c m e t a l

c a p s s u p p l i e d

d e c r e a s e s .

5

5 5

6 5

The p r e s e n t

i n v e n t i o n

i s

c h a r a c t e r i z e d

i n t h a t i t r e

m o v e s t h e

h e a t i n g

t e m p e r a t u r e ? u c t u a t i o n s b y f l o w i n g

c o n s i d e r a b l e

c u r r e n t

t o

t h e h e a t i n g c o i l

w h e n t h e num

b e r

o f n o n - m a g n e t i c

m e t al c a p s s u p p l i e d t o t h e h e a t i n g

a p p a r a t u s

i s

s m a l l , b a s e d o n t h e p r o p e r t i e s

o f

t h e i n d u c

t i o n

h e a t i n g

a p p a r a t u s d e s c r i b e d a b o v e .

The s e m i c o n d u c t o r o s c i l l a t i o n c i r c u i t i n

t h e p r e s e n t

i n v e n t i o n

h a s t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c

t h a t

a h i g h f r e q u e n c y

s i g n a l i s produced by

means

o f a s e r i e s r e s o n a n c e

c i r c u i t

between

t h e h e a t i n g

c o i l and a condenser

which

i n

c r e a s e s t h e c u r r e n t i n t h e s e r i e s resonance c i r c u i t a s t h e

number o f c a p s

s u p p l i e d d e c r e a s e s .

As a

r e s u l t ,

i n c a s e s

w h e n

t h e r e i s

no f e e d b a c k s y s t e m c o m p r i s i n g c u r r e n t

c o n t r o l

c i r c u i t 44 i n F G . 6 , and i n c a s e w h e n

no

a r t i c l e s

t o

b e h e a t e d a r e su p p l i e d t o t h e h e a t i n g a p p a r a t u s , t h e r e

w i l l b e

a

markedly l a r g e f l o w o f c u r r e n t

t o

t h e h e a t i n g

c o i l .

B e c a u s e

o f

t h i s ,

i t w i l l

b e

u n d e r s t o o d t h a t

c u r r e n t

c o n t r o l c i r c u i t 44 n FIG.

6

p e r f o r m s

a f e e d b a c k

a c t i o n

t h a t s u p p r e s s e s t h e s u p p l y c u r r e n t a s t h e number o f c a p s

s u p p l i e d t o h e a t i n g c o i l

2 0

d e c r e a s e s .

C o n s e q u e n t l y , t h e

p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n

h a s

a

f e e d b a c k

c o n t r o l

c h a r a c t e r i s t i c

such t h a t

g r e a t e r

amounts

of c u r r e n t a r e

s u p p l i e d

t o

h e a t i n g c o i l

2 0

when

t h e

number

o f m e t al c a p s

s u p p l i e d

t o

t h e

h e a t i n g a p p a r a t u s d e c r e a s e s ,

t h i s b e i n g d o n e b y

means

o f a

weaker

feedback r a t i o

without

c o n s t a n t

c u r r e n t c o n t r o l by

c u r r e n t

c o n t r o l c i r c u i t 4 4 .

T h i s k i n d

o f

f e e d b a c k

c h a r a c t e r i s t i c c a n b e o b t a i n e d by o p e r a t i n g

c o n t r o l g a i n r e g u l a t i o n a p p a r a t u s 9 0 i n c u r r e n t c o n t r o l

c i r c u i t 4 4 a n d l o w e r i n g t h e a m p l i ? c a t i o n r a t e o f d i f f e r

e n t i a l a m p l i ? e r

8 2 .

T a b l e

2 shows t h e s u p p l y

v o l t a g e

Vb

t o

o s c i l l a t o r

c i r c u i t 4 8 ,

t h e s u p p l y c u r r e n t

I B and

t h e h e at i n g

tem

p e r a t u r e

9

r e l a t e d

t o t h e

number

o f m e t a l

c a p s s u p p l i e d

i n a n i n d u c t i o n

h e a t i n g

c i r c u i t where a weak f e e d b a c k

c o n t r o l a c t i o n

r e l a t in g t o

t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n h a s

b e e n

a p p l i e d .

TABLE

Cap

Q u a n t i t y

Vb

I B

0

( N u m b e r )

( V o l t s ) ( A m p e r e s ) ( ' C . )

l 1 3 2 3 5 B0

9

I 7 5 3 4 H0

i s

Z C K J

3 3 HO

As

w i l l

b e

a p p a r e n t from T a b l e 2 , a n e a r l y c o n s t a n t

h e a t i n g

t e m p e r a t u r e

i s o b t a i n e d by

p e r f o r m i n g a f e e d

b a c k

c o n t r o l

a c t i o n t h a t

i n c r e a s e s t h e c u r r e n t s u p p l i e d

t o

t h e

h e a t i n g c o i l , a s

t h e

number

o f m e t a l

c a p s de

creases.

I n

t h e a b o v e e x a m p l e ,

t h e

i n t e r v a l

b e t w e e n h e a t i n g

c o i l 20

and

t h e bottom

s u r f a c e

1 6 a o f cap 1 6 was k e p t

c o n s t a n t .

When

h i s

i n t e r v a l

i s

v a r i e d ,

t h e r e must

be a

c o r r e s p o n d i n g

a d j u s t m e n t i n

t h e

a b o v e - d e s c r i b e d c o n

t r o l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s .

The s e c t i o n a l

s h a p e o f

t h e h e a ti n g c o i l , a s

shown

i n

FIG.

8 ,

i s

one where

c u r r e n t

conductors 24 and 26

c o m p r i s e c o p p e r

p i p e s 6 mm

n d i a m e t e r

and

a r e

p l a c e d

i n

a

c o i l

b a s e

p l a t e

2 8 . P l a t e

28 comprises a f e r r i t e

c o r e

with

t h e f o l l o w i n g

measurements a: 2

mm,

b=28 mm

c=40 mm, d=20 mm nd e=27 mm,

length=60 cm.

The a r t i c l e s h e a t e d a r e

aluminum

c a p s

and s t e e l

c a p s

and t h e c o n d i t i o n s d i s c u s s e d

below

a r e ones where t h e

t e m p e r a t u r e g r a d i e n t

o f

t h e

c a p s i s c o n s t a n t

r e g a r d l e s s

o f

t h e number o f c a p s h e a t e d b y t h e h e a ti n g c o i l .

For t h e c a s e w h e n

aluminum

caps

2 8

mm n d i a m e t e r ,

l 5 mm

igh and 0 . 2 4 mm h i c k were h e a t e d ,

we i n d :

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4 , 3 0 9 ,

1 1

TABLE

g

=

mm g

=

2 mm

k | 0 . 0 0 6 9 0 . 0 0 4 9

R ; 0071 0 . 0 5 2 5

k 3

0 . 0 0 2 5

0 . 0 0 l 8

( k 2

k 3 ) / ( k | +

k 3 )

7 . 2 9

6 . 6 9

For t h e c a s e w h e n aluminum c a p s

3 8

mm

n d i a m e t e r ,

1 7 mm

igh

and 0 . 2 4 mm h i c k w e re h e a t e d ,

we

found:

1 0

TABLE

g = mm

g

z

2 mm

k1

0 . 0 1 1 1

0 . 0 0 8 3

1 Q 0102

0 . 0 8 2 1 5

k 3

0 . 0 0 3 2 0 . 0 0 2 4

( k 2 ~ k 3 ) / ( k | +

k 3 ) 6 . 9 1 6 . 8 8

For t h e

c a s e

w h e n s t e e l c a p s 2 8

mm

n

d i a m e t e r ,

9

mm igh and 0 . 2 4 mm h i c k were h e a t e d : 20

TABLE

g = mm

g

= mm

k 1 ’ 0 . 0 0 2 1 0 . 0 0 1 4

k 2 ’ 0 . 0 4 2 0 . 0 2 3 2 5

k 3 ’ 0.00076

0.00051

( k ; +

k 3 ) / ( k 1 _

k g ‘ ) 3 1 . 9 2 6 . 4

and

f o r

t h e c a s e

w h e n

s t e e l

c a p s

40 mm n d i a m e t e r , 1 2

mm igh

and

0 . 2 4

mm h i c k were h e a t e d ,

we

found: 3 0

TABLE

g

=

mm

g =

mm

k | ' 0 , 0 0 3 9

0 . 0 0 2 2

k 2 ‘

0 . 1 4 9

0 . 0 7 3

k g ‘ 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 0 0 6 9 3 5

( k 2

+ k J ) / ( k |

- — k g ’ ) 5 7 . 3

5 2 . ]

The

v a l u e s i n , k g a n d k 3 w i l l v a r y d e p e n d i n g on

s u c h

f a c t o r s

a s

t h e

i n t e r v a l between t h e cap bottom s u r f a c e

a n d

t h e f e r r i t e s u r f a c e ,

t h e s e c t i o n a l

s h a p e o f t h e h e a t i n g

c o i l ,

t h e c a p d i a m e t e r a n d t h e f r e q u e n c y

o f

t h e h i g h

f r e q u e n c y power

s o u r c e ,

a n d c o n s e q u e n t l y

t h e v a l u e

HG hich

depends on

t h e s e

f a c t o r s

w i l l vary on t h e

o r d e r of i - 100 .

As

d e s c r i b e d

a b o v e ,

i t i s p o s s i b l e t o o b t a i n a

n e a r l y

u n i f o r m

h e a ti n g e n e r g y , t h a t

i s

h e a t i n g

t e m p e r a t u r e ,

r e g a r d l e s s o f

t h e number

o f a r t i c l e s

s u p p l i e d

t o t h e

h e a t i n g

a p p a r a t u s a n d r e g a r d l e s s o f

t h e

m u t u a l i n d u c

t a n c e

v a r i a t i o n s w i t h

t h e h e a t i n g c o i l , by n o n - c o n s t a n t

c u r r e n t

c o n t r o l

o f

t h e c o n t r o l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s

o f t h e

c u r r e n t

c o n t r o l

c i r c u i t .

The c o n t r o l

g a i n

o f t h e

c u r r e n t

c o n t r o l c i r c u i t c a n

be

done w i t h a n y r e g u l a t i n g a p p a r a t u s b e s i d e s t h e v a r i a b l e

r e s i s t a n c e

i n t h e

e x a m p l e

i l l u s t r a t e d ,

a n d

t h e c u r r e n t

o f

t h e

h e a t i n g

c o i l

c a n

a l s o

b e

d e t e c t e d

by v a r i o u s o t h e r

d e t e c t i o n

c i r c u i t s .

A l s o

f o l l o w i n g t h e p r e s e n t

i n v e n t i o n , i t

i s p o s s i b l e t o

h e a t non-magnetic

m a t e r i a l s u c h

a s

aluminum

a t

good

e f f i c i e n c y a n d

i t

i s

p o s s i b l e

t o

p r o v i d e e x tr e m el y

e f f e c

t i v e

c i r c u i t s f o r

h e a t i n g

m e t a l c a p s f o r

s e a l i n g

b o t t l e s i n

p a r t i c u l a r .

The p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n f u r t h e r makes i t p o s s i b l e

t o

o b t a i n a n i n c r e a s e i n t h e c u r r e n t

w h e n

a number

of

4 5

6 5

586

1 2

a r t i c l e s c o m p r i s i n g a s tr o n g m a g n e t i c m a t e r i a l s u p p l i e d

t o t h e h e a t i n g s t a t i o n d e c r e a s e s and t o t h u s o b t a i n

a

c o n s t a n t u n i f o r m h e a t i n g a c t i o n . T h i s

i s

a c c o m p l i s h e d

by u t i l i z i n g a f e e d b a c k c o n t r o l a c t i o n t h a t i s s t r o n g e r

than t h e

constant current

c o n t r o l i n a current c o n t r o l

c i r c u i t .

1

c l a i m :

1 . I n a h i g h

f r e q u e n c y

i n d u c t i o n h e a t i n g c i r c u i t f o r

h e a t i n g

a

p l u r a l i t y o f

n o n - m a g n e t i c a r t i c l e s where s a i d

i n d u c t i o n h e a t i n g

c i r c u i t

i n c l u d e s

a semiconductor

o s

c i l l a t o r c i r c u i t ( 4 8 ) h a v i n g

a s e r i e s

r e s o n a n c e c i r c u i t

i n c l u d i n g a h e a t i n g

c o i l

( 2 0 ) a l o n g w h i c h s a i d n o n - m a g »

n e t i c a r t i c l e s

a r e

adapted t o be conveyed and a con

d e n s e r ( 8 0 ) , t h e

improvement

i n t h a t s a i d

i n d u c t i o n

h e a t i n g

c i r c u i t

c o m p r i s e s :

d e t e c t i o n

c i r c u i t

means ( 5 0 ) f o r d e t e c t i n g t h e t e m i n a l

v o l t a g e

o f

a i d c o n d e n s e r , s a i d t e r m i n a l v o l t a g e b e i n g

i n c r e a s e r e s p o n s i v e

t o t h e

d e c r e a s e

o f

t h e

number o f

s a i d n o n - m a g n e t i c a r t i c l e s w h i c h

a r e c o n v e y e d

a l o n g

s a i d h e a t i n g c o i l ( 2 0 ) ,

c u r r e n t

c o n t r o l

c i r c u i t

means

( 4 4 )

f o r c o n t r o l l i n g a

s u p p l y c u r r e n t t o s a i d o s c i l l a t o r

c i r c u i t

( 4 8 ) where t h e

c u r r e n t

c o n t r o l

c i r c u i t means

i s

r e s p o n s i v e t o a s i g n a l

f r o m

s a i d d e t e c t i n g c i r c u i t

t o

i n c r e a s e t h e s u p p l y

c u r r e n t t o

s a i d

o s c i l l a t o r

c i r c u i t

with an i n c r e a s e of

s a i d t e r m i n a l v o l t a g e , a n d

a c o n t r o l g a i n r e g u l a t i o n means

( 9 0 ) f o r a d j u s t i n g

a

c o n t r o l

g a i n which s i n c l u d e d i n

s a i d

c u r r e n t c o n t r o l

c i r c u i t means ( 4 4 ) t o a d j u s t t h e r a t i o o f t h e i n c r e a s e o f

s a i d s u p p l y c u r r e n t

t o

t h e i n c r e a s e

o f

s a i d

t e r m i n a l

v o l t a g e

s o t h a t

t h e

h e a t i n g t e m p e r a t u r e

o f

s a i d

non

m a g n e t i c a r t i c l e i s k e p t

s u b s t a n t i a l l y

c o n s t a n t

i r r e

s p e c t i v e

o f

t h e

number o f s a i d n o n - m a g n e t i c a r t i c l e s

w h i c h a r e c o n v e y e d

a l o n g s a i d h e a t i n g

c o i l .

2 .

I n

a

h i g h f r e q u e n c y

i n d u c t i o n h e at i n g

c i r u i t

f o r

h e a t i n g

a

p l u r a l i t y o f f e r r o m a g n e t i c a r t i c l e s where s a i d

i n d u c t i o n h e a ti n g c i r c u i t i n c l u d e s

a

semiconductor o s

c i l l a to r c i r c u i t ( 4 8 ) h a v i n g

a

s e r i e s r e s o n a n c e c i r c u i t

i n c l u d i n g a

h e a t i n g c o i l ( 2 0 ) a l o n g w h i c h s a i d f e r r o m a g

n e t i c a r t i c l e s

a r e

adapted t o

b e conveyed,

a condenser

( 8 0 )

a n d a n

i n d u c t a n c e , t h e

improvement

w h e r e i n

s a i d

i n d u c t i o n h e at i n g c i r c u i t c o m p r i s e s :

d e t e c t i o n c i r c u i t means ( 5 0 ) f o r

d e t e c t i n g t h e t e r m i n a l

v o l t a g e

o f s a i d

i n d u c t a n c e , s a i d t e r m i n a l v o l t a g e

b e i n g d e c r e a s e d

r e s p o n s i v e

t o t h e d e c r e a s e o f t h e

number of s a i d ferromagnetic a r t i c l e s

which a r e con

v e y e d a l o n g s a i d

h e a t i n g

c o i l ,

c u r r e n t c o n t r o l c i r c u i t means

( 4 4 )

f o r

c o n t r o l l i n g

a

s u p p l y

c u r r e n t

t o

s a i d

o s c i l l a t o r c i r c u i t ( 4 8 )

where

t h e

c u r r e n t c o n t r o l

c i r c u i t means

i s

r e s p o n s i v e

t o a

s i g n a l

f r o m s a i d

d e t e c t i n g

c i r c u i t t o d e c r e a s e

t h e

s u p p l y

c u r r e n t t o s a i d

o s c i l l a t o r

c i r c u i t with a

decrease o f

s a i d

t e r m i n a l

v o l t a g e , a n d

a c o n t r o l g a i n r e g u l a t i o n means ( 9 1 0 )

f o r

a d j u s t i n g a

c o n t r o l g a i n

which s i n c l u d e d

i n s a i d

c u r r e n t c o n t r o l

c i r c u i t means t o a d j u s t

t h e

r a t i o o f t h e

d e c r e a s e

o f

s a i d s u p p l y c u r r e n t t o

t h e

d e c r e a s e o f

s a i d

t e r m i n a l

v o l t a g e s o t h a t t h e

h e a t i n g t e m p e r a t u r e o f s a i d

f e r r o

m a g n e t i c a r t i c l e i s

k e p t

s u b s t a n t i a l l y c o n s t a n t i r r e

s p e c t i v e o f t h e number o f s a i d f e r r o m a g n e t i c

a r t i c l e s

w h i c h a r e c o n v e y e d a l o n g s a i d h e a t i n g c o i l .

*

i

*

I

i