U.S. Post W.W. I Return to normalcy (Harding) Economic concerns: –Conversion to peacetime –Returning vets –Inflation –Strikes Red Scare Racial tension(

U.S. Post W.W. I• “Return to normalcy” (Harding)

• Economic concerns:– Conversion to peacetime– Returning vets

– Inflation– Strikes

• Red Scare• Racial tension ( Explain! )

• We want STUFF!!!• What about the immigrants?• When is the cocktail hour?• Racial tensions• Monkeys, Apes, OR Men

Gimmee!!!

• 1914 to 1919 + 77%• 1914 to 1920 + 105%

– Workers promised pay increases after the war ended

• Union membership increased

• Demands increased

• Lots of strikes!!!

Coal Miners Strike 1919

• November 1: 394,000 UMW strike• Atty. Gen. Palmer ordered UMW

president John L. Lewis to order UMW back to work

• Workers refused!!!!• President Wilson forced arbitration• Workers given 2% raise• Nothing about shorter hours or unsafe

conditions

Steel Strike 1919

• Workers: 7 days x 12 hours per day

• 343,000 struck Chicago/Gary (US Steel)

• Role of strikebreakers & federal troops

• “communist plot” ?????????

• American public sick of strikes,

violence, “plots”

• Workers back to work – no gains

Boston Police Strike 1919

• …no right to strike against the public safety.”

The Republican White House

Warren G. Harding

– Nervous breakdown at age 24– Boys Night Out!

–RED SCARE– Teapot Dome scandal

– Attorney General Daugherty selling pardons

– Secretary of the Interior- Albert Fall

We’re Starting to Roar!

• Life expectancy up

• Medical advances

• Stock market “get rich quick”

• Unemployment < 4%

• Real wages up 40% since 1914– It’s all about the P.P.

Red Scare I (1920’s)

• Communist Revolution in Russia 1917

• Vladimir Lenin• U.S. government: concern about “radicals”

• Mail bombs sent to noteworthy Americans

• Bomb on Wall Street 9/16/20 38 killed

• Time to enforce Espionage and Sedition Acts

Palmer raids

• J. Edgar Hoover (General Intelligence Div.)

• Subversives need to be deported or imprisoned

• Raids in 33 cities - 6000 arrested - 3 guns!!

• Violation of civil rights in name of

American security

• Lots of laws passed to punish radicals

• Led to formation of ACLU (1920)

Immigration Laws

• Anti-immigrant feelings

• Suspicions about (and fear of) foreigners

• Emergency Quota Act (1921)– Allowed 3% of ethnic pop. in 1910 to enter

• National Origins Act (1924)– Allowed 2% of ethnic pop. in 1890 to enter

Sacco and Vanzetti

• Arrested in May 1920 for murder in Massachusetts

• Flimsy evidence

• Confessed anarchists

• Judge openly prejudiced

• GUILTY!

• Executed in 1927

• Posthumously exonerated by MA Gov. Dukakis

Rebirth of KKK

In 1924 5 million members

Anti: Catholics, Jews, foreigners,

“immoral” people (bootleggers)

In 1925 parade in WDC 50,000 members

Scandal about leader of Indiana

(sexual assault/rape)

By 1930, membership down to 9,000

“Cool” Cal COOLIDGE• Sickly and shy• Sworn in as Pres. middle of night • “This job interferes with my naps”

• “Four-fifths of our troubles in this world would disappear if we would only sit down and keep still”

The Butler Act 1925

Unlawful to teach any theory that denies the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man has descended from a lower order of animals . . .

. . . any teacher found guilty of the violation of this Act, . . . shall be fined not less than One Hundred $ (100.00) Dollars nor more than Five Hundred ($ 500.00) Dollars for each offense.

Scopes trial

Marcus Garvey (a.k.a. Black Moses)

• Born in Jamaica

• Founded UNIA

• “black is beautiful”

• Back to Africa movement (Liberia)

• Started Black Star Line

• Indicted and sent to prison for fraud

• Returned to Jamaica

GANGSTERS

EntertainmentTalking pictures

“The Jazz Singer” starring Al JolsonDancing

the Charleston dance marathons

Listen to the radio (KDKA)Play board games (mah-jong)Crossword puzzlesTrends

Famous athletes

Famous writers

The “Lost Generation”• Intellectuals, poets, artists and writers who

rejected values of American materialism

• Fled to France (Paris)

• Idealistic youth

• Sought meaning of life

• Drank excessively

• Created some of our greatest literature

• F.Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway

AUTOMOBILES (by assembly line)

CHALLENGES-NO ELECTRICITY-NO INDOOR PLUMBING-NO REFRIGERATORS- HAND SELECTED CROPS- ROTATED CROPS (EDUCATION)- CROPS: CORN, WHEAT, OTAS, RICE, BARLEYCHORES-milking cows -harnessing horses -gathering eggs -washing clothes -cleaning the outhouse -Children usually walked to school, rain or shine, and spent summers helping in the fields.

-INCREASE IN PRODUCTIONI-NCREASE IN LAND SALES-WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT TO THE WAR EFFORT?-CONDITION OF EUROPEAN FARMLAND?

- REVIEW YOUR NOTES!

-IMPACT ON SOCIAL LIFE. -SUCCESS….. GOOD or BAD!

--During the 1920s, the popularity of automobiles, radios, and movies exploded. Sound was added to motion pictures in 1928.-Popular musicians/composers of the time included: Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, George Gershwin, Bessie Smith, -Playwrights of the time included: F, Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, -Popular actors/dancers - Charlie Chaplin, Rudolph Valentino, Clara Bow -television broadcasts

- Radio (crystal sets with earphones)KDKA

-NBC – 1926- Original Networks (marketing strategies)- Red (commercially sponsored; entertainment & music

- Blue (non-commercially sponsored; cultural & news)

- CBS – 1927 (William S. Paley)- La Palina (affiliates in Philadelphia, Brooklyn- WABC

***** FIRST COMMERCIAL BROADCAST 1920 - What was the broadcast?

-1925 - __________________________-mid 1920’s _________________ novie houses-Frst “talkie” _________________________-Starring _____________________________-- impact of “talkies”

Americans tired of . . .Causes

Responsibility

Worrying about others’ problems

• Let’s do something for U.S.!!!!

• It “ain’t no picnic” for everybody

Entertainment

Talking pictures“The Jazz Singer” starring Al Jolson

Dancing the Charlestondance marathons

Listen to the radioPlay board games (mah-jong)Hang out

Personalities of the 1920’s

Famous writers

The Butler Act 1925Unlawful to teach any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man has descended from a lower order of animals . . . . . . any teacher found guilty of the violation of this Act, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction, shall be fined not less than One Hundred $ (100.00) Dollars nor more than Five Hundred ($ 500.00) Dollars for each offense.

Scopes trial

GANGSTERS

Give it up, Ness. You

can’t get me!

The “Lost Generation”• Intellectuals, poets, artists and writers who

rejected values of American materialism

• Fled to France (Paris)

• Idealistic youth

• Sought meaning of life

• Drank excessively

• Created some of our greatest literature

• F.Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway

Is everybody happy?

•Returning vets•Most Americans (in general)

•Farmers

•Immigrants•Minorities

HERBERT HOOVER• Hardworking and self-reliant• Tough childhood• RUGGED INDIVIDUALISM• Head of Food Administration in

WWI “noble experiment”

• Refused to meet with Bonus Army

The Race for Delegates

Clinton

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