US Political Freedoms Prior to 1820. The Bill of Rights (1791) A series of Amendments to the Constitution designed to protect people and the states from.

US Political US Political Freedoms Freedoms

Prior to 1820Prior to 1820

The Bill of Rights (1791)The Bill of Rights (1791)

A series of A series of Amendments to Amendments to the Constitution the Constitution designed to designed to protect protect peoplepeople and the and the states states from the abuses from the abuses of governmentof government

Amendment IAmendment I

Freedom of Freedom of ReligionReligion

Freedom of Freedom of AssemblyAssembly

Freedom of Freedom of PetitionPetition

Freedom of PressFreedom of Press Freedom of Freedom of

SpeechSpeech Remember RAPPS?Remember RAPPS?

Amendment IIAmendment II

A well regulated A well regulated Militia, being Militia, being necessary to the necessary to the security of a free security of a free State, the right of State, the right of the people to keep the people to keep and bear Arms, and bear Arms, shall not be shall not be infringed. infringed.

Amendment IIIAmendment III

No Soldier shall, in No Soldier shall, in time of peace be time of peace be quartered in any quartered in any house, without the house, without the consent of the consent of the Owner, nor in time Owner, nor in time of war, but in a of war, but in a manner to be manner to be prescribed by law. prescribed by law.

Amendment IVAmendment IV

No illegal search No illegal search and seizuresand seizures

Searches may only Searches may only take place under a take place under a warrant OR with warrant OR with reasonable reasonable suspicionsuspicion

Amendment VAmendment V Indictment by a Indictment by a

Grand JuryGrand Jury No Double JeopardyNo Double Jeopardy No self-incriminationNo self-incrimination No person shall be No person shall be

deprived of life, deprived of life, liberty, or property, liberty, or property, without due process without due process of lawof law

Government may not Government may not take private property take private property without fair without fair compensation compensation (eminent domain)(eminent domain)

Amendment VIAmendment VI

Right to a speedy Right to a speedy and public trialand public trial

Right to trial by an Right to trial by an impartial jury impartial jury

Right to be Right to be confronted with the confronted with the witnesses against witnesses against himhim

Right to an Right to an attorneyattorney

Amendment VIIAmendment VII

Provides for Provides for trial by jury trial by jury in civil in civil cases cases (lawsuits)(lawsuits)

Amendment VIIIAmendment VIII

No excessive No excessive bailbail

No excessive No excessive finesfines

No cruel and No cruel and unusual unusual punishments punishments

Amendment IXAmendment IX

The enumeration in The enumeration in the Constitution, of the Constitution, of certain rights, shall certain rights, shall not be construed to not be construed to deny or disparage deny or disparage others retained by others retained by the people. the people.

Amendment XAmendment X

The powers not The powers not delegated to the delegated to the United States by United States by the Constitution, the Constitution, nor prohibited by it nor prohibited by it to the States, are to the States, are reserved to the reserved to the States respectively, States respectively, or to the people or to the people

Amendment XI (1795)Amendment XI (1795)

Establishes Establishes “sovereign “sovereign immunity” – immunity” – citizens cannot sue citizens cannot sue a state in federal a state in federal court for monetary court for monetary damages, but may damages, but may sue a state if the sue a state if the state is in violation state is in violation of federal law of federal law

Amendment XII (1804)Amendment XII (1804)

Changes the rules Changes the rules for electing the for electing the president and vice-president and vice-presidentpresident

Old rules – whoever Old rules – whoever got the most votes got the most votes for president won, for president won, whoever got the whoever got the second most votes second most votes became vice-became vice-president!president!

All men created All men created equal?equal?

Originally, Originally, only only WHITE, WHITE, PROPERTY PROPERTY OWNING OWNING MEN MEN were were allowed to allowed to vote in the vote in the US!US!

Role of WomenRole of Women Primary role was as Primary role was as

wives, mothers, wives, mothers, and homemakersand homemakers

Poor, single women Poor, single women might work outside might work outside the home as the home as servantsservants

Had few property Had few property rights, could not rights, could not votevote

Abigail AdamsAbigail Adams Wife of John AdamsWife of John Adams Pushed for women’s rights to Pushed for women’s rights to

educationeducation, own , own property, property, and have a voice in politics-and have a voice in politics-voting(suffrage)voting(suffrage)

"...remember the ladies … "...remember the ladies … Do not put such unlimited Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of power into the hands of the Husbands … all Men the Husbands … all Men would be tyrants if they would be tyrants if they could … [we] will not hold could … [we] will not hold ourselves bound by any ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation.”voice, or Representation.”

Native American Native American RelationsRelations

As more white settlers As more white settlers pushed west, they pushed west, they came into increasing came into increasing conflict with Native conflict with Native AmericansAmericans

Natives were NOT Natives were NOT considered US considered US citizens, and so had citizens, and so had few rightsfew rights

US law protected US law protected settlers over native settlers over native interestsinterests

TennesseeTennessee & & KentuckyKentucky become statesbecome states

First settled by First settled by whites in the 1750s whites in the 1750s and 1760sand 1760s

Led to conflicts with Led to conflicts with native groupsnative groups

Kentucky became Kentucky became the 15the 15thth state in 1792 state in 1792

Tennessee became Tennessee became the 16the 16thth state in 1796 state in 1796

Western Indian ConfederacyWestern Indian Confederacy

Many Great Lakes Many Great Lakes area tribes worked area tribes worked together to present together to present a united front a united front against US against US expansionexpansion

Badly defeated US Badly defeated US troops in battles in troops in battles in 1790 and 17911790 and 1791

Battle of Battle of Fallen Fallen TimbersTimbers

August 20, 1794, August 20, 1794, near Toledo, Ohionear Toledo, Ohio

US troops under US troops under “Mad” Anthony “Mad” Anthony Wayne defeated Wayne defeated Indian Confederation Indian Confederation under Blue Jacketunder Blue Jacket

Ended the Northwest Ended the Northwest Indian WarIndian War

TecumsehTecumseh Shawnee tribal Shawnee tribal

leaderleader Attempted to unite Attempted to unite

all Natives against all Natives against USUS

Opposed treaties Opposed treaties with US governmentwith US government

Allied himself with Allied himself with the British during the the British during the War of 1812War of 1812

Killed during the warKilled during the war

Treaty of Treaty of GreenvilleGreenville

August 2, 1795August 2, 1795 Natives agreed to Natives agreed to

surrender most of Ohio surrender most of Ohio and areas that are today and areas that are today Detroit and Chicago for Detroit and Chicago for $20,000 in goods and $20,000 in goods and the creation of a the creation of a permanent boundary permanent boundary between US and Indian between US and Indian territoryterritory

Future settlers ignored Future settlers ignored the negotiated boundarythe negotiated boundary

Battle of Battle of TippecanoeTippecanoe Nov. 7, 1811Nov. 7, 1811 US forces under Harrison US forces under Harrison

attacked Tecumseh’s attacked Tecumseh’s Indian alliance’s HQ in Indian alliance’s HQ in Indiana, shattering the Indiana, shattering the new Indian confederacynew Indian confederacy

Tecumseh fled to Canada Tecumseh fled to Canada and joined with the and joined with the BritishBritish

British support of the British support of the Indians would be a Indians would be a contributing factor to the contributing factor to the start of the start of the War of 1812War of 1812

William Henry William Henry HarrisonHarrison

Governor of the Governor of the Indiana TerritoryIndiana Territory

Became a national Became a national hero due to his hero due to his victories in both victories in both Tecumseh’s War and Tecumseh’s War and the War of 1812the War of 1812

Known as “Old Known as “Old Tippecanoe”Tippecanoe”

Later elected Later elected President of the USPresident of the US

Slavery: a “necessary evil”Slavery: a “necessary evil”

3/5ths Compromise in 3/5ths Compromise in Constitution only Constitution only counted slaves as 3/5 of counted slaves as 3/5 of a persona person

Slaves were NOT citizens Slaves were NOT citizens and had no legal rightsand had no legal rights

Some free blacks in the Some free blacks in the North did enjoy North did enjoy citizenshipcitizenship

By 1800, close to 1 By 1800, close to 1 million slaves in US, or million slaves in US, or about 1/6 of the about 1/6 of the populationpopulation

Eli Whitney’s Eli Whitney’s Cotton Cotton GinGin

Machine that Machine that separated usable separated usable cotton from its seedscotton from its seeds

Made cotton farming Made cotton farming more profitable and more profitable and led to the rise of led to the rise of ““King CottonKing Cotton”, the ”, the South’s dependency South’s dependency on the cotton tradeon the cotton trade

Growth in the cotton Growth in the cotton trade led to further trade led to further growth in slaverygrowth in slavery

Beginnings of the Beginnings of the Abolitionist movementAbolitionist movement

Many people opposed Many people opposed slaveryslavery

Most Most northern northern states states passed laws ending passed laws ending slavery thereslavery there

Even though many Even though many Southerners questioned Southerners questioned the morality of slavery, the morality of slavery, they considered it a they considered it a ““necessary evilnecessary evil” from ” from which they could not which they could not escape.escape.