U.S. Navy Shipboard Fuel Cell U.S. Navy Shipboard Fuel Cell Program Program Edward House Naval Sea Systems Command Philadelphia, PA, USA U.S. Maritime Administration Workshop on Maritime Energy and Clean Emissions 29-30 January 2002 The St. Regis Washington, DC
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U.S. Navy Shipboard Fuel Cell U.S. Navy Shipboard Fuel Cell …€¦ · · 2015-04-06U.S. Navy Shipboard Fuel Cell U.S. Navy Shipboard Fuel Cell Program Edward House Naval Sea Systems
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U.S. Navy Shipboard Fuel Cell U.S. Navy Shipboard Fuel CellProgramProgram
Edward HouseNaval Sea Systems Command
Philadelphia, PA, USA
U.S. Maritime Administration Workshop on MaritimeEnergy and Clean Emissions
29-30 January 2002The St. Regis
Washington, DC
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107
FUEL CELL
UAV
UUV/MCM
MEMS
“BA5590”
Power(Watts)
SSFC
HomeElectricity
Stationary Power
Fuel cell power systemmarkets could soon exceed
$3 billion worldwide*
*Arthur D. Little, Inc, Cambridge, MA, reference #44335.
Fuel Cell Markets
Coal/Steam
SYSTEM SIZE (MW)0.1 1 10 100 1000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
High-Temp Fuel Cell
80Fuel Cell/Turbine Hybrid
EFFI
CIE
NC
Y, %
(LH
V)
Full
Pow
er
Low-Temp Fuel Cell
Gas Turbines
Diesel Engines
0.01
Microturbines
COMPARISON OF EFFICIENCIES FORELECTRIC POWER PLANTS
Navy Shipboard Fuel Cell ProgramNavy Shipboard Fuel Cell Program
45-60S40,0001800ZirconiumDioxideCeramic(Solid)
Solid Oxide (SO)[Tubular, planar,monolithic]
45-55S40,0001200PotassiumLithium
Carbonate(Liquid)
Molten Carbonate(MC)
35-40S,CO40,000450PhosphoricAcid (Liquid)
Phosphoric Acid (PA)
<40CO, CO210,000200PotassiumHydroxide
(Solid)
Alkaline (AFC)
35-40S, CO 40,000180PolymerMembrane
(Solid)
Proton ExchangeMembrane (PEM)
Single-CycleElectricalEfficiency
(%)
CellContaminant
LifetimeProjected
(Hrs)
Cell Temp(°F)
Electrolyte
Fuel Cell TypesFuel Cell Types
DDG51 Gas TurbineDDG51 Gas TurbineGenerator SetGenerator Set 641,465 Gallons
$628,636
Ship Service Ship Service Fuel CellFuel Cell
214,315 Gallons
$210,028
= 50,000 gallons; ($.98/gallon)
AOE6 DieselAOE6 DieselGenerator SetGenerator Set 321,703 Gallons
$315,268
Annual Fuel Consumption(3,000 Operating Hours)
Navy Shipboard Fuel Cell ProgramNavy Shipboard Fuel Cell Program
MO247831000
EMISSION COMPARISON (gm/HP Hr @ 100% Power)
SSFC
CO2 NOX
SO
~.0004
349 6.0 1.23
12.9
DDG51GTG
AOE 6SSDG
735
SSFC SSFC
1.52
2.18
X
512414
DDG51GTG
DDG51GTG
AOE 6SSDG
AOE 6SSDG
Navy Shipboard Fuel Cell ProgramNavy Shipboard Fuel Cell Program
Navy Shipboard Fuel Cell ProgramNavy Shipboard Fuel Cell Program
FUEL CELL POWER PLANT
� FUEL CELL POWER PLANT INCLUDES:� FUEL PROCESSING� FUEL CELL STACK� DC-TO-AC POWER CONVERSION
Navy Shipboard Fuel Cell ProgramNavy Shipboard Fuel Cell Program
Significant Market Survey Results
• Marine Market Surveys for fuel cell power sources by MTI for PEM systems and FCE for MC systems conclude:
- Ship Service fuel cell generators for both commercial and military marine markets compete economically with small turbines and marine diesels in terms of life cycle cost.
- Diesel-fueled fuel cell ship service generator system for commercial marine applications (98% of total market) will be in the 200 kW to 1 Mw range; military applications (2%) in the 500 kW to 2.5 Mw range.
- Diesel-fueled commercial and military surface ship markets represents a significant potential market; circa 2005.
• DOE/Industry also project future higher power, ultra-high efficiency fuel cell power systems adaptable for marine high power propulsion applications
Viable Commercial Viable Commercial MarineMarine Market leads to CONTRACTOR Market leads to CONTRACTORCOST SHARED Phase II SSFC Demonstration ProgramCOST SHARED Phase II SSFC Demonstration Program
Ship Service Fuel Cell ProgramShip Service Fuel Cell Program
SM
Objective: Develop shipboard fuel cell power systems with acquisition cost, weight, and volume comparable to other market options, for future Navy ships and craft.
State of the Art: Industry is developing fuel cell technology for stationaryand non-marine transportation applications operating on non-logistics fuels.Commercial units expected between 2001 and 2005, with stationary systems available before automotive systems. Little effort in diesel reforming.
Approach: Develop fuel cell power systems and components to enable commercial fuel cell equipment to be used in the unique Naval shipboardenvironment.
Program Summary
Ship Service Fuel Cell ProgramShip Service Fuel Cell Program
• Cell salt air tolerance• NATO F-76 diesel fuel reforming• Fuel contaminant removal and cell sensitivity (sulfur, CO, ammonia, amines)• Cell shock and vibration
Ship Service Fuel Cell ProgramShip Service Fuel Cell Program
ONR/NAVSEAONR/NAVSEAAdvancedAdvanced
TechnologyTechnologyDevelopmentDevelopment
IPSIPSTransitionTransitionFull Scale Full Scale
Design, Fabrication, and Testing of625KW MCFC Demonstrator
FY 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11
SSFC Concept Design,Risk Reduction Testing
Program Timeline/TransitionProgram Timeline/Transition
Ship Platform Managers
500KWIFP
Design
Fabrication, andTesting of 500KW ATR
Integrated FuelProcessor
Design, Fabrication, Operation and Testing of FullScale Ship Service Fuel Cell
High Performance Fuel Cell Program(Adv. Reform, FC Hybrid Model, Sulfur Tolerance, High Temp FC Marinization)
Design, Fabrication, andTesting of HPFC
Demonstrator
Legend
PlannedProposed
Fleet Fleet IntroductionIntroduction
ONR AppliedONR AppliedResearchResearch
At SeaEvaluation
625KWDemonstrator
Ship Service Fuel Cell ProgramShip Service Fuel Cell Program
Naval Fuel Cell Development Center
Milcon P-104 Test CellHybrid Gas Turbine/ Fuel Cell Test Site
GT MILCON P-104
�SCOPE: - construct acomplete facility for testingpropulsion and auxiliarygas turbines in the 30,000HP range & fuel cells bothalone and in hybrid cycletests
PROJECT SUMMARY
�COST: $10.6M
�FOOTPRINT: 8200 FT2
�LOCATION: Building 633
�Design: FY01
�Construction: FY02
Gas TurbineModule
Fuel CellModule
ControlRoom
Waterbrake
Load Absorber
50 Ton Crane
Affordability• Ship Service Fuel Savings of ~30% (>$1M / yr / Navy Ship)• Workload savings due to Unattended Operation and Reduced PMS
in NOx, CO and HC)• Enables reduction of Radar Cross Section and Infrared Signature
Ship Design Flexibility• Modular Approach Applicable to all Ship Power Requirements• Applicable to Multiple Platforms• Facilitates All-Electric Ship with Integrated Power System and Zonal
Electrical Distribution System• Reduces Intake and Exhaust Ducting Volume by 60%• Permits use of alternate non-petroleum fuels
Transition BenefitsShip Service Fuel Cell ProgramShip Service Fuel Cell Program
MISSION STATEMENT:
• Foster the use of Fuel Cells for ship applications utilizing diesel fuels to fulfill national transportation needs.
• Transfer the technology to the public.
• Actively involve industry in the development efforts.