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US National Security and Space Weapons
byRichard L. Garwin
Council on Foreign [email protected] www.cfr.org www.fas.org/rlg
in theNational Security and Military Space
Workshop No. 1Naval War College, Newport RI
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Council on Foreign Relations Team
• Bruce M. Deblois, Adjunct Senior Fellow at CFR. (BAE Systems; formerly National Reconnaissance Office—NRO)
• Richard L. Garwin• Jeremy C. Marwell, Research Associate• Scott Kemp, Research Associate
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Why Space Weapons?
• Defensive counter-space(active protection of space assets)
• Offensive counter-space(deny adversaries’ use of space)
• Global and rapid power projectionLess than 90-minutes (QDR)
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Space vs. Conventional Weapons
Directed EnergyKE STEWKE ASAT
CAVs
VS.
ABLICBMs
Direct ascentCruise Missiles
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SpaceWeapons
Addressable
Threats to Space Assets
1) denial & deception2) electronic warfare3) ground station attack4) sensor blinding5) microsatellites6) direct-ascent interceptors7) nuclear detonation in space
MoreLikely
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Microsatellite Proliferation
A Non-military cooperative development effort of Surrey Satellite Technologies and Thailand
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Microsatellites
A space mine trailing behind a satellite Four “body guard” microsatellitesprotecting a satellite
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Force Projection
• Long RodsHard and deeply buried targets
• Common Aero VehicleConventional munitions
• Space-Based LaserVery rapid force projection
The three most promising weapons?
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Finite Strength of Penetrator
.30 cal. bullet impacting hard steel at 2750 ft/sec
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Long Rod Penetration vs. Velocity
Typically ~900 m/sec = 2700 ft/sec
DepthLength
Impact Velocity
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Common Aero Vehicle
Minot to Holloman
Holloman to EglinMinot to Eglin
Deployment Configuration
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Space Based Laser
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SDI-era approach to laser weapons using ground-based lasers and “fighting mirrors”.
Atmospheric compensation is essential (and now routine).
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SBL Constellation
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Cruise Missiles from Int’l Waters
Source: GAO/NSIAD-95-116
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1. See Michael Krepon with Christopher Clary, “Space Assurance or Space Dominance? The Case Against Weaponizing Space,” www.stimson.org (2003).