US History (JFK) CH. 28

Ch. 28: Ch. 28: The New Frontier and The New Frontier and

the Great Societythe Great Society

Fears that we were falling Fears that we were falling behind in the behind in the Arms RaceArms Race!!

Richard NixonRichard Nixon (R)(R)

-Former Vice PresidentFormer Vice President

-Expert in foreign affairsExpert in foreign affairs

John F. KennedyJohn F. Kennedy (D)(D)

-Young / HandsomeYoung / Handsome

-CatholicCatholic

-African American SupportAfrican American Support(Martin Luther King)(Martin Luther King)

Election of 1960Election of 1960

VSVS

11stst televised debate between televised debate between Presidential candidates.Presidential candidates.

John F. KennedyJohn F. Kennedy

= 35= 35thth President of the United States and President of the United States and youngest ever elected.youngest ever elected.

““Ask not what your country can do for Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your you, but what you can do for your country.”country.”

New FrontierNew Frontier= JFK’s legislative program to expand = JFK’s legislative program to expand medical care, aid education, the space medical care, aid education, the space program,program, national defense, civil rights, etc.national defense, civil rights, etc.

• JFK’s CabinetJFK’s Cabinet–““Best and the Brightest”Best and the Brightest”– Robert Kennedy - Attorney GeneralRobert Kennedy - Attorney General

NASANASA

• NASA NASA == NNational ational AAeronautics and eronautics and SSpace pace AAdministrationdministration

– Neil ArmstrongNeil Armstrong = = 11STST man on the moon. man on the moon.– Buzz AldrinBuzz Aldrin – Landed w/ Armstrong. – Landed w/ Armstrong.– Col. John GlennCol. John Glenn - Orbited earth 3 times. - Orbited earth 3 times.

““One small One small stepstep for man, for man,One giant One giant leapleap for man for man

kind…”kind…”

• Nikita KhrushchevNikita Khrushchev = = New leader of the Soviet UnionNew leader of the Soviet Union

• Fidel CastroFidel Castro = Communist dictator of = Communist dictator of Cuba, that openly welcomed the Cuba, that openly welcomed the Soviet Union.Soviet Union.

I promise democracyI promise democracy ~ to eliminate ~ to eliminate poverty, inequality, and dictatorship.poverty, inequality, and dictatorship.

Crises in CubaCrises in Cuba (1961) (1961)

Bay of PigsBay of Pigs= Failed invasion by Cuban exiles (1,400), = Failed invasion by Cuban exiles (1,400),

supported with U.S. military supported with U.S. military

•Failed ~ airstrike, diversionary force, air support.Failed ~ airstrike, diversionary force, air support.•Faced (25,000) Cuban troops + Soviet tanks and jets.Faced (25,000) Cuban troops + Soviet tanks and jets.

The disaster left JFK humiliatedThe disaster left JFK humiliated..

Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis = 6 - day period where the world faced = 6 - day period where the world faced

the possibility of nuclear war. the possibility of nuclear war. • Nikita promised to defend Cuba. Nikita promised to defend Cuba.

• JFK would not tolerate nuclear arms in CubaJFK would not tolerate nuclear arms in Cuba ..

JFK implements a naval blockade of Cuba, preventing Soviet ships from entering.

Soviets would dismantle their weapons and remove them.

The Assassination of JFKThe Assassination of JFK

• JFK was touring the U.S- reelection JFK was touring the U.S- reelection campaign.campaign.

Dealey Plaza (Dallas, Texas) ~ Nov. 22, 1963JFK’s motorcade exits to the freeway

(3) Shots were fired.(3) Shots were fired.

Who could have done it?Who could have done it?

The SuspectsThe Suspects

# 1. # 1. Lee Harvey OswaldLee Harvey Oswald

# 5. CIA# 5. CIA

= found guilty for killing JFK.= found guilty for killing JFK.

Texas School Book Depository (TSBD) = Oswald’s place of work.

• JFK was shot twiceJFK was shot twice(Old Italian bolt – action rifle).(Old Italian bolt – action rifle).

Witnesses said they saw a rifle man Witnesses said they saw a rifle man in this window, as shots were heard.in this window, as shots were heard.

Oswald’s View from the TSBDOswald’s View from the TSBD

After the AssassinationAfter the Assassination• 12:30pm-Oswald is sighted 60-90 seconds after the 12:30pm-Oswald is sighted 60-90 seconds after the

shooting in the break room of the TSBD.shooting in the break room of the TSBD.• Oswald then leaves the building and returns home and Oswald then leaves the building and returns home and

changes clothes.changes clothes.• 1:15pm-Oswald leaves house and shoots J.D. Tippitt 3x 1:15pm-Oswald leaves house and shoots J.D. Tippitt 3x

(Dallas Cop)(Dallas Cop)• 1:30pm-Oswald is then arrested in a Dallas Movie Theatre.1:30pm-Oswald is then arrested in a Dallas Movie Theatre.

Where did the Where did the shotsshots come from? come from?

11stst Shot- Shot- James TagueJames Tague

• Stood next to the Triple Underpass.Stood next to the Triple Underpass.• Heard 1Heard 1stst shot come from the shot come from the grassy knollgrassy knoll..Could there have been another shooter?Could there have been another shooter?

22ndnd Shot - Shot -The Magic BulletThe Magic Bullet?= = 1 Bullet - causes (7) wounds in 2 people

1.1. JFK’s BackJFK’s Back2.2. JFK’s ThroatJFK’s Throat3.3. Governor’s BackGovernor’s Back4.4. Governor’s Governor’s

NippleNipple5.5. Governor’s WristGovernor’s Wrist6.6. Governor’s ThighGovernor’s Thigh

33rdrd Shot -The Kill Shot Shot -The Kill Shot

• JFK’s Head goes back and to the left!JFK’s Head goes back and to the left!• JFK dies instantly!JFK dies instantly!

Conspiracy Theories

1. (51) witnesses heard shots from the Grassy Knoll.

2. The Magic Bullet3. JFK’s head went back and to the left.

4. “Pristine Bullet” – the bullet found, looked near perfect.

Oswald is shot by Jack Ruby..• Ruby had mob connections in Chicago, LA, Ruby had mob connections in Chicago, LA,

New OrleansNew Orleans

Kennedy Kennedy CurseCurse??

Coincidence or Curse?Coincidence or Curse?

• Presidents who died in office and were Presidents who died in office and were elected in years ending in zero (0)…elected in years ending in zero (0)…

Ronald Reagan (1980) – Broke the CurseRonald Reagan (1980) – Broke the Curse

Lyndon B. JohnsonLyndon B. Johnson• Becomes the 36Becomes the 36thth president after president after

JFK is assassinated.JFK is assassinated.

Meanwhile, the Cold War is still on…Meanwhile, the Cold War is still on…

Berlin Crisis (Germany)Berlin Crisis (Germany)• Berlin Blockade Berlin Blockade Berlin Airlift Berlin Airlift

• Berlin Wall Berlin Wall (1961)(1961)= Dividing wall between East / West Berlin, = Dividing wall between East / West Berlin,

reducing the flow of Eastern refugees. reducing the flow of Eastern refugees. Symbol of communist Oppression.Symbol of communist Oppression.

• Millions of East Germans fled to Millions of East Germans fled to West Berlin.West Berlin.