US History I – Unit 1 Goals for today: Understand the origins of early American colonists Learn the names of the colonies and key cities.

Immigration and SlaveryUS History I – Unit 1

Goals for today:•Understand the origins of early American colonists

• Learn the names of the colonies and key cities

Migration from England90% of colonists came from EnglandHalf of the English immigrants were

INDENTURED SERVANTSPrior to 1660, most immigrants left

Europe because of religious or political turmoil

After 1660, economies improved and political and religious conflicts diminished

Scottish and Scotch-IrishScottish immigration soared because of the

creation of Great Britain in 1707Scots became colonial officials, governors, and

wealthy merchantsFirst stream came from the Scottish LowlandsSecond stream came from the Scottish

HighlandsThird stream came from Ulster in Northern

Ireland (Scotch-Irish)250,000 Scotch-Irish immigrated to the colonies

in the 1700s

The Germans100,000 Germans immigrated to the colonies

during the 1700sAlmost all came from the Rhine ValleyThese immigrants felt pushed from Europe by

war, taxes, and religious persecutionGermans primarily settled in the

Pennsylvania and Maryland coloniesIn Pennsylvania, a German immigrant could

obtain a farm six times larger than a typical farm in Germany

QuestionsFor what reasons did Scots and Germans

emigrate from their homelands?What is an indentured servant?ASSIGNMENT DUE FRIDAY, AUGUST 19

Research your own family treeBegin with yourself at the bottom and work as

high as you canBe sure to include the country in which each of

your family members were bornGo as far back as you can

How it should look:

Jesse DanielsSeptember 30, 1983Alton, IL USA

James Daniels, Jr.August 19, 1952Calexico, CA USA

Jacqueline GilkersonJuly 28, 1952Little Rock, AR USA

James Daniels, Sr.USA

Charlotte RoadyUSA

Jack GilkersonUSA

Katherine WeckerUSA

Slavery in the Colonies BeginsIn the early 1600s, Africans were treated

much like indentured servantsFreed blacks could own land, vote, and many

had slaves of their ownBy mid-1600s, the colonies began to pass

laws supporting the permanent slavery of Africans

Other laws stated that the children of slaves were born into the institution

These laws were supported by the racist idea that people of African origin were inferior to whites

The Transatlantic Slave TradeAlmost 1.5 million slaves were being

dispersed throughout the British Empire250,000 alone came to the colonies via the

West IndiesTraders purchased slaves from African chiefs,

who usually took them by force or as prisoners of war

Slaves came to America as part of a three part voyage called the TRIANGULAR TRADE

The Middle PassageShippers carried slaves across the Atlantic to

North America along a route known as the MIDDLE PASSAGE

The voyage could last two months or more and the slaves were separated from family, branded with hot irons, placed in shackles, and jammed into overcrowded dark holes below deck

At least 10% of the captured slaves crossing the Atlantic died en route

Here is a visual adaptation of the horrific journey

Slavery in the North and SouthEnslaved Africans were a small minority in

New England and the Middle ColoniesMost enslaved in the North worked as

deckhands, sailors, and house servantsIn the Southern colonies, slaves were used to

raise labor-intensive crops like tobacco, rice, indigo, or sugar

In South Carolina, slaves outnumbered whites

Most slaves worked 12 hour days with the bare minimum needed to survive

Rebels and Runaways1739 – Stono, SC – 100 slaves killed 20

whites before suffering defeat and executionMany escaped either to Native American

villages or to Florida (Spain welcomed runaway slaves in order to weaken the British Empire)

Many more stayed on the plantations and resist by working slowly, feigning illness, pretending ignorance, or breaking tools

A few slaves did earn their freedom, either by purchasing it or by being set free

QuestionsWhat was the Triangular Trade?What was the Middle Passage?How did the laws concerning enslaved

Africans sent to the 13 colonies change in the 1700s?

How did slavery differ in the North and the South?

In which American colonies did most enslaved Africans live? Why?