U.S. History (CH.24 Pearl Harbor)

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AGENDA

• OBJECTIVE:

• STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN THE REASON FOR UNITED STATES ENTERING THE WAR

RECAPRECAPWHAT (3) WHAT (3) COUNTRIESCOUNTRIES MAKE UP THE MAKE UP THE AXIS POWERS?AXIS POWERS?

G. BritainG. Britain

USSRUSSR

19421942

•BY BY SUMMER, 1940SUMMER, 1940 WHO WAS THE WHO WAS THE

ONLY COUNTRY LEFT FIGHTING ONLY COUNTRY LEFT FIGHTING

GERMANY?GERMANY?

• IN 1941, HITLER WOULD BACKSTAB IN 1941, HITLER WOULD BACKSTAB

_______ (DICTATOR) AND INVADE THE _______ (DICTATOR) AND INVADE THE

COUNTRY OF THE _____ _____.COUNTRY OF THE _____ _____.

•ALSO KNOWN AS THE _____, _____ALSO KNOWN AS THE _____, _____

BritainBritain

StalinStalinSovietSoviet UnionUnion

USSRUSSR RussiaRussia

AXIS POWERAXIS POWER = AIMED AT KEEPING THE U.S. OUT OF THE WARAIMED AT KEEPING THE U.S. OUT OF THE WAR

GERMANY, ITALY, AND JAPAN JOINED FORCES. GERMANY, ITALY, AND JAPAN JOINED FORCES.

QUIZ CH 24 S 4

1. AGREEMENT BETWEEN SOVIET AND GERMANY NOT TO ATTACK EACH OTHER

2. PASSIVE AGREEMENT TO AVOID WAR

3. HITLER REMILITARIZED THIS AREA, DEEMED FORBIDDEN

4. LIGHTING WAR FOR GERMANY’S WEAPON

5. EXACT DATE WHEN WORLD WAR II STARTED

6. GERMAN’YS LAST DEMAND TERRITORY

7. LIST 3 EUROPEAN COUNTRIES THAT GERMANY INVADED AFTER WWII WAS DECLARED.

8. NAME ONE WEAPON THAT SAVED BRITAIN FROM GERMANY’S ATTACK

9. NAME THE COUNTRY THAT GERMANY AND SOVIET BOTH INVADED THAT LED TO WWII

10. LIST THE MEMBERS OF THE AXIS POWER

AMERICA SUPPORTS THE ALLIESAMERICA SUPPORTS THE ALLIES

• KEPT US IN KEPT US IN NEUTRALITYNEUTRALITY

• ““CASH – AND – CARRYCASH – AND – CARRY” ” = ALLOWED = ALLOWED COUNTRIES TO BUY COUNTRIES TO BUY U.S. ARMS SO LONG AS U.S. ARMS SO LONG AS ITS PAID FOR WITH ITS PAID FOR WITH CASH.CASH.

• FDR ARGUED IT WOULD HELP FRANCE & BRITAIN DEFEAT HITLER THEREBY KEEPING THE U.S. OUT OF WAR.

BUILDING U.S. DEFENSESBUILDING U.S. DEFENSES

• SELECTIVE SELECTIVE TRAINING AND TRAINING AND SERVICE ACTSERVICE ACT = = • FIRST PEACETIMEFIRST PEACETIMEMILITARY DRAFT.MILITARY DRAFT.

• 16 MILLION MEN (AGE: 21 – 16 MILLION MEN (AGE: 21 – 35) MEN WERE REGISTERED.35) MEN WERE REGISTERED.

• ROOSEVELT BREAKS THE 2- ROOSEVELT BREAKS THE 2- TERM PRESIDENTIAL TERM PRESIDENTIAL TRADITION, AND IS TRADITION, AND IS REELECTED.REELECTED.

FDR WON A 3RD TERM

LEND LEASE ACTLEND LEASE ACT (MAR. (MAR. 1941 )1941 )

= THE GREAT ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACYU.S. WOULD GIVE SUPPLIES TO “ANY COUNTRY U.S. WOULD GIVE SUPPLIES TO “ANY COUNTRY

WHOSE DEFENSE WAS VITAL TO THE U.S.”.WHOSE DEFENSE WAS VITAL TO THE U.S.”.• PROVIDED AID TO RUSSIAPROVIDED AID TO RUSSIA: “: “THE ENEMY OF MY ENEMY IS MY THE ENEMY OF MY ENEMY IS MY

FRIENDFRIEND”.”.• (JUNE, 1940).(JUNE, 1940).

• 500,000 RIFLES, 80,000 MACHINE GUNS, 50 OLD DESTROYERS FOR MILITARY 500,000 RIFLES, 80,000 MACHINE GUNS, 50 OLD DESTROYERS FOR MILITARY LEASES.LEASES.

• CONGRESS BOOSTED NATIONAL DEFENSE SPENDING.CONGRESS BOOSTED NATIONAL DEFENSE SPENDING.

•GERMAN GERMAN WOLF PACKWOLF PACK U- BOATS U- BOATS STATIONED IN THE STATIONED IN THE ATLANTIC AND OFF ATLANTIC AND OFF THE EAST COAST THE EAST COAST OF THE U.S.OF THE U.S.

• USED FRANCE AS A BASE TO USED FRANCE AS A BASE TO ATTACK ENEMY SHIPSATTACK ENEMY SHIPS

• FDR ORDERED FDR ORDERED CONVOY TO ATTACK CONVOY TO ATTACK U-BOATS IN SELF U-BOATS IN SELF DEFENSE (USING DEFENSE (USING SONAR)SONAR)

• ATTACK SUPPLY SHIPS, ATTACK SUPPLY SHIPS, TANKERS, FREIGHTERS, AND TANKERS, FREIGHTERS, AND ETC.ETC.

MEANWHILE IN THE PACIFIC ….

JAPAN TOOK FRENCH MILITARY BASES IN INDOCHINA

• US PASSED A TRADE EMBARGO = STOP TRADING WITH JAPAN (80% OF MATERIAL COMES FROM US)

• JAPAN 2 OPTIONS:

• TAKE ASIAN NATION BUT RISK US STARTING A WAR

• FIND A WAY TO CRIPPLE US SO JAPAN CAN TAKE ASIAN NATION

GuamGuam

Wake IslandWake Island

Midway IslandMidway Island

If you were If you were JapanJapan, where , where would you Attack the U.S.?would you Attack the U.S.?

ADMIRAL ISOROKU ADMIRAL ISOROKU YAMAMOTOYAMAMOTO

= JAPANESE GENERAL IN CHARGE OF = JAPANESE GENERAL IN CHARGE OF

NAVAL ATTACK STRATEGY IN THE PACIFIC.NAVAL ATTACK STRATEGY IN THE PACIFIC.

3:42- JAPAN SUBS SNEAKS IN THE PACIFIC

6:10- FIRST WAVE OF PLANE ROAR IN THE SKY

7:40 ATTACK BEGINS

ATTACK ON PEARL HARBORATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR= = DEC. 7, 1941

“A DAY WHICH WILL LIVE IN INFAMY”

~ JAPAN CONDUCTS A SURPRISE ATTACK ON THE U.S. PACIFIC FLEET AT PEARL HARBOR NAVAL BASE, OAHU HAWAII.

- 19 SHIPS / 150 PLANES DESTROYED.

- 2,500 ARMED FORCES AND CIVILIANS KILLED.

= = DEC. 7, 1941 DEC. 7, 1941 “A DAY WHICH WILL LIVE IN “A DAY WHICH WILL LIVE IN INFAMY”INFAMY”

~ ~ JAPAN CONDUCTS A JAPAN CONDUCTS A SURPRISE ATTACK ON THE SURPRISE ATTACK ON THE U.S. PACIFIC FLEET AT U.S. PACIFIC FLEET AT PEARL HARBOR NAVAL PEARL HARBOR NAVAL BASE, BASE, OAHUOAHU HAWAII. HAWAII.

- .2,500 ARMED FORCES AND .2,500 ARMED FORCES AND CIVILIANS KILLED.CIVILIANS KILLED.

- 21 SHIPS DESTROYED21 SHIPS DESTROYED- 8 BATTLESHIP8 BATTLESHIP- 300 AIRCRAFT300 AIRCRAFT

BATTLESHIP ROW

#1 Seaplane Base#1 Seaplane Base

Fuel tanks untouchedFuel tanks untouched

DECEMBER 8, 1941

US ENTERS WORLD WAR II

Japan took:

Hongkong

Indochina

Malaysia

Burma

Thailand

Dutch Indies

Guam

Wake

Solomon

Philippines

US is now facing a two front war

If you were the If you were the U.SU.S, , Where would you go First?Where would you go First?

PacificAtlantic

US PREPARES FOR WAR

EXPANDING THE MILITARYEXPANDING THE MILITARY• WOMEN’S AUXILIARY ARMY CORPSWOMEN’S AUXILIARY ARMY CORPS (WAAC) = = (WAAC) = =

WOMEN VOLUNTEERS IN NONCOMBAT WOMEN VOLUNTEERS IN NONCOMBAT

POSITIONS.POSITIONS.• NURSES, AMBULANCE DRIVERS, NURSES, AMBULANCE DRIVERS,

RADIO OPERATORS, PILOTS, ETC.RADIO OPERATORS, PILOTS, ETC.

““ROSIE THE RIVETERROSIE THE RIVETER””= CULTURAL ICON, REPRESENTING THE WOMEN WHO WORKED IN FACTORIES.

• INDUSTRY & LABORINDUSTRY & LABOR

• RATIONINGRATIONING = LIMITING CONSUMPTION OF = LIMITING CONSUMPTION OF GOODS NEEDED BY THE MILITARY.GOODS NEEDED BY THE MILITARY. (EX) MEAT, SHOES, SUGAR, COFFEE, AND GASOLINE.(EX) MEAT, SHOES, SUGAR, COFFEE, AND GASOLINE.

THE ALLIESTHE ALLIES==

1.1.GREAT BRITAINGREAT BRITAIN

2.2.THE SOVIET UNIONTHE SOVIET UNION

3.3.THE UNITED STATESTHE UNITED STATES

““THE BIG 3”THE BIG 3”

StalinStalin FDRFDRWinstonWinstonChurchillChurchill

QUIZ CH 24 S 4

1. EXACT DATE WHEN PEARL HARBOR WAS ATTACKED

2. NAME THE PRESIDENT WHO WON A 3RD TERM FOR PRESIDENCY

3. NAME THE THREE COUNTRY THAT FORMED THE AXIS POWER

4. NAME THE ISLAND WHERE PEARL HARBOR IS LOCATED

5. NAME THE JAPANESE PERSON IN CHARGE OF PEARL HARBOR ATTACK

6. LIST 3 AREAS THAT JAPAN TOOK AFTER PEARL HARBOR

7. THE FIRST PEACETIME DRAFT WAS CALLED

8. POLICY THAT ALLOWED COUNTRY TO BUY AS LONG AS ITS PAID BY CASH

9. US POLICY PASSED TO STOP TRADING WITH JAPAN

10. GERMANS WEAPON OF U-BOATS BECAME KNOWN AS

• OBJECTIVES:

• STUDENT WILL ANALYZE THE MAJOR BATTLE THE PUSHED JAPAN BACK AND CRIPPLED THEIR NAVAL FLEET BY CREATING A TIMELINE AND WRITING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF EACH BATTLE

• STUDENT WILL ANALYZE THE MAJOR BATTLES THAT LED TO GERMANY’S SURRENDER BY CREATING A TIMELINE AND WRITING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF EACH BATTLE

• STUDENT WILL CITE SIGNIFICANT INDIVIDUAL ON THE TIMELINE THAT PLAYED A KEY MAJOR ROLE IN WINNING THE WAR WITH GERMANY

AgendaAgenda•Ch. 25, Sec. 1 Ch. 25, Sec. 1 ––Mobilizing for Mobilizing for DefenseDefense

•Ch.25, Sec. 2Ch.25, Sec. 2 – – Eastern Front and Eastern Front and the Mediterraneanthe Mediterranean

THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTICTHE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC• WW2’S WW2’S LONGESTLONGEST

MILITARY MILITARY CAMPAIGN. CAMPAIGN. (SEPT 1939 (SEPT 1939 UNTIL WWII ENDS)UNTIL WWII ENDS)

• NAVAL WARFARE NAVAL WARFARE BETWEEN GERMAN BETWEEN GERMAN U-BOATS/ US U-BOATS/ US CONVOYSCONVOYS

• 1943- US LAUNCHED 1943- US LAUNCHED A CRASH SHIP A CRASH SHIP BUILDING BUILDING (140 LIBERTY (140 LIBERTY SHIP PRODUCED EACH SHIP PRODUCED EACH MONTH)MONTH)

• BEGAN TO BEGAN TO OUTNUMBER U-OUTNUMBER U-BOATSBOATS

• LIEUTENANT COLONEL DOOLITTLE – LEADS (16) U.S. LIEUTENANT COLONEL DOOLITTLE – LEADS (16) U.S. BOMBERS IN AN ATTACK ON TOKYO, JAPAN AND OTHER BOMBERS IN AN ATTACK ON TOKYO, JAPAN AND OTHER MAJOR CITIES.MAJOR CITIES.

• TO DESTROY THEIR INDUSTRIAL FACTORIESTO DESTROY THEIR INDUSTRIAL FACTORIES

Doolittle Air Raids (April 18, 1942)

1.1. BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEABATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA (MAY, 1942)(MAY, 1942)

• AIRCRAFT CARRIER BATTLEAIRCRAFT CARRIER BATTLE- ALL FIGHTING WAS - ALL FIGHTING WAS

DONE BY AIRDONE BY AIR

• TO STOP JAPAN ADVANCE TO TO STOP JAPAN ADVANCE TO AUSTRALIA.AUSTRALIA.

• TURNED BACK JAPAN INVASION

Coral Sea

(May, 1942)(May, 1942)Battle of the Coral SeaBattle of the Coral Sea

Australia

Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands

# 2. # 2. Battle of MidwayBattle of Midway

# 1

2. 2. THE BATTLE OF MIDWAYTHE BATTLE OF MIDWAY (JUNE, 1942)(JUNE, 1942)

• U.S. DIVE BOMBERS DESTROY ALL JAPANESE AIR CRAFT CARRIERS (332 PLANES, (332 PLANES, 2,000 SAILORS LOST).2,000 SAILORS LOST).

• JAPAN WAS STILL CAUGHT IN JAPAN WAS STILL CAUGHT IN THE CARRIER WHEN US BOMB THE CARRIER WHEN US BOMB THEIR PLANESTHEIR PLANES

• REVENGE FOR PEARL HARBOR (36 DIVE BOMBERS)

• CRIPPLED JAPANESE NAVY

• NAVAJO- CODE TALKERSNAVAJO- CODE TALKERS

•NATIVE AMERICAN LANGUAGE USED TO TRANSMIT CODE MESSAGES

19431943

Will the Will the AlliesAllies be just as be just as successful in Europe?successful in Europe?

WHO ARE THE WHO ARE THE ALLIESALLIES AGAIN? AGAIN?

Hoy!Hoy!Where do Where do we go!!!??we go!!!??

A little help A little help HERE! HERE!

Sheeeshhh….Sheeeshhh….

Open another Open another FRONTFRONT in in

Europe!Europe!RUSSIARUSSIA

BATTLE OF STALINGRADBATTLE OF STALINGRAD• STALIN BEGS ALLIES TO OPEN A 2ND STALIN BEGS ALLIES TO OPEN A 2ND

FRONT IN EUROPE.FRONT IN EUROPE.

• HITLER WANTS SOVIET’S HITLER WANTS SOVIET’S SPACE AND OIL FIELDS SPACE AND OIL FIELDS

• SOVIET WINTER PUSHES GERMAN SOVIET WINTER PUSHES GERMAN FIGHTING SOUTH.FIGHTING SOUTH.

• STALIN REFUSE TO HAVE GERMANY STALIN REFUSE TO HAVE GERMANY TAKE HIS CITYTAKE HIS CITY

• HITLER “NO RETREAT, NO HITLER “NO RETREAT, NO SURRENDER”SURRENDER”

• STALIN ORDER= SCORCHED STALIN ORDER= SCORCHED EARTH POLICYEARTH POLICY = BURN = BURN EVERYTHING TO THE EVERYTHING TO THE GROUNDGROUND

• THEN WINTER SETS: THEN WINTER SETS: GERMAN SOLDIERS FORCED GERMAN SOLDIERS FORCED TO SURRENDERTO SURRENDER

19431943

AlliesAllies

Russia

• OPERATION TORCHOPERATION TORCH = ALLIED INVASION OF NORTH = ALLIED INVASION OF NORTH AFRICAAFRICA

• TO OPEN ANOTHER FRONTTO OPEN ANOTHER FRONT

• TOOK N. AFRICA FROM GERMANYTOOK N. AFRICA FROM GERMANY

Germans

GermansGermans Germans

Allies

Allies

• DWIGHT D. EISENHOWERDWIGHT D. EISENHOWER = = U.S. GENERAL IN CHARGE OF THE ALLIES IN U.S. GENERAL IN CHARGE OF THE ALLIES IN NORTH AFRICA.NORTH AFRICA.

19431943

Russia

AlliesAllies

ITALIAN CAMPAIGNITALIAN CAMPAIGN (SUMMER, 1943) (SUMMER, 1943)

• ““THE SOFT UNDERBELLY”THE SOFT UNDERBELLY”• ALLIED FORCES CAPTUREALLIED FORCES CAPTURE SICILYSICILY..

• DICTATOR MUSSOLINI WAS KILLED BY HIS DICTATOR MUSSOLINI WAS KILLED BY HIS OWN PEOPLEOWN PEOPLE

AlliesAllies

19441944

Russia

CARPET BOMBING (JUNE 1944)

•ON GERMAN CITIES

•RAF BY NIGHT

•US BY DAY

• OPERATION OVERLORD- LIBERATE FRANCEOPERATION OVERLORD- LIBERATE FRANCE

• MASSIVE ALLIED INVASION OF NORMANDY, FRANCE.MASSIVE ALLIED INVASION OF NORMANDY, FRANCE.

• D-DAY- (JUNE 6,1944) LARGEST LAND-SEA-AIR ATTACKD-DAY- (JUNE 6,1944) LARGEST LAND-SEA-AIR ATTACK

• THE 1THE 1STST STEP TO FREEING WESTERN EUROPE. STEP TO FREEING WESTERN EUROPE. GATHERED 3 MILLION TROOPS, GATHERED 3 MILLION TROOPS, TOGETHER WITH MOUNTAINS OF MILITARY SUPPLIES.TOGETHER WITH MOUNTAINS OF MILITARY SUPPLIES.

• OPERATION OVERLORD- LIBERATE FRANCEOPERATION OVERLORD- LIBERATE FRANCE



• THE 1THE 1STST STEP TO FREEING WESTERN EUROPE. STEP TO FREEING WESTERN EUROPE. GATHERED 3 GATHERED 3 MILLION TROOPS, TOGETHER WITH MOUNTAINS OF MILITARY SUPPLIES.MILLION TROOPS, TOGETHER WITH MOUNTAINS OF MILITARY SUPPLIES.



• THE 1THE 1STST STEP TO FREEING WESTERN EUROPE. STEP TO FREEING WESTERN EUROPE. GATHERED 3 GATHERED 3 MILLION TROOPS, TOGETHER WITH MOUNTAINS OF MILITARY SUPPLIES.MILLION TROOPS, TOGETHER WITH MOUNTAINS OF MILITARY SUPPLIES.

SAVING PRIVATE RYANSAVING PRIVATE RYAN

• BY SEPTEMBER 1944, THE ALLIES WOULD BY SEPTEMBER 1944, THE ALLIES WOULD

FREE FRANCE, BELGIUM, AND LUXEMBOURG.FREE FRANCE, BELGIUM, AND LUXEMBOURG.

• FDR GETS REELECTED FOR A 4TH TERM (DESIRE

NOT TO “CHANGE HORSES IN MIDSTREAM)

THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE (OCT 1944)

• = LAST- OFFENSIVE BY GERMAN FORCES LAST- OFFENSIVE BY GERMAN FORCES • TRYING TO BREAK ALLIED SUPPLY LINES, DROVE 60 TRYING TO BREAK ALLIED SUPPLY LINES, DROVE 60

MILES TO ALLIED TERRITORY CREATING A BULGEMILES TO ALLIED TERRITORY CREATING A BULGE

• LARGEST AND BLOODIEST BATTLE OF WWIILARGEST AND BLOODIEST BATTLE OF WWII

Allies

Allies

19441944

Russia

• Allied attack from the west; soviet from the east• Allied met at Berlin• Nazi retreated.

UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDERUNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER

•ADOLF HITLER WOULD COMMIT SUICIDE (APRIL, ADOLF HITLER WOULD COMMIT SUICIDE (APRIL, 1945).1945).

•V – E DAYV – E DAY = = MAY 8, 1945 CELEBRATES VICTORY IN EUROPE DAY.MAY 8, 1945 CELEBRATES VICTORY IN EUROPE DAY.

A NEW PRESIDENTA NEW PRESIDENT• WHILE POSING FOR A PORTRAIT (APRIL 12, 1945) WHILE POSING FOR A PORTRAIT (APRIL 12, 1945)

FDR SUFFERED A STROKE AND DIED.FDR SUFFERED A STROKE AND DIED.

•HARRY S. TRUMANHARRY S. TRUMAN BECOMES THE BECOMES THE

3333RDRD PRESIDENT. PRESIDENT.

U.S. History (CH.24 Pearl Harbor)

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