Us hist the colonies come of age

THE COLONIES COME OF AGE

The South, The North, and a War with the French.

Mercantilism

Competition to acquire the most gold Colonies are a source of raw materials & a

market for British goods

The American colonies serve but two purposes: to be a source of raw materials and a market for British goods.

I gotsta get paid!

King Charles II Colonial

Merchant

Navigation Acts of 1651

Restricted colonial trade All colonial trade has to go through England Good for England and most colonists Some colonial merchants resist

Crackdown in Massachusetts

Punish colonists smuggling goods

Revoke Mass.’s charter Maine to New Jersey:

Dominion of New England

Sir Edmund Andros

Installed as D.O.N.E.’s royal governor

Restricts local assemblies and levies taxes without input from local leaders.

Hated by almost everyone in America

Glorious Revolution

King of England is a Catholic, James II

Ignores Parliament Has a son

William & Mary

William of Orange: Dutch royal

Mary: Protestant daughter of James II

Parliament votes to install as new monarchs

Supremacy of Parliament New England colonies

get their charters back

Salutary Neglect: England Gets Bored

Raw materials keep flowing Colonists keep buying English

goods Relaxed enforcement of

regulations

Royal Authority Weakens

Colonial governors appointed by the Crown

Paid by colonial assemblies Who really controls these

governors? Why doesn’t England keep the

reins tightened?

The Agrarian South

Southern Plantation Economy Cash crops dominate southern economy Plantations instead of towns Shipped crops to the North & England Rural & Self-sufficient

Planters vs. Farmers

Planters: wealthy owners of large estates Controlled southern economy, politics & society Small Farmers: European immigrants; poor to

Middle Class 1713-1774: tobacco exports in the Chesapeake

tripled

What role did women play in the South?

Could not vote Educated in social graces or domestic tasks Working Class: cook, clean, garden, sew, milk cows,

slaughter pigs Planter Class: be rich (servants handled household

chores)

Indentured Servants

Poor white men Indentured themselves

to escape poverty in Europe

When freed, scratched out a living in the western parts of southern colonies

Slavery in the South

Agrarian economy demands labor Slaves brought from Africa 1750: 200,000 slaves in America 80-90% farm work Full-time work by 12 some slaves rented out

Olaudah Equiano

Captured by slave traders as a boy Enslaved in Barbados & Virginia Sold to British Naval Officer Bought his freedom in 1766 Leading abolitionist in Britainhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X485Irzty-E

Slave Trade

Middle Passage

The Commercial North

1650-1750: colonial economy grows faster than Britain’s

Northern agriculture diverse – examples?

Northern Industry

Commerce grows in New England Fishing, lumber, shipbuilding 1760: 1/3 of all British ships built in the colonies Merchant class grows powerful

Life in the North

Urban – Boston, Philadelphia, NYC Open squares, parks, police, and lit sidewalks Lack of firewood and water – garbage floods the

streets

Life in the North

Germans and Scots-Irish pour into the North – Positives?

Slavery exists, though less incentive than in the South

No political rights for women – expected to obey their husbands

The Enlightenment

Movement of the 1700s World is scientific, not

magical Truth through reason

and experimentation How does the

Enlightenment influence political thought?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jRR7CWLCZI English Philosopher John Locke

Great Awakening

Religious movement mid-1700s Response to the decline of the Puritan church in New

England Revival meetings held throughout colonies Challenged authority of traditional churches How does the Great Awakening influence political thought?

Puritan Preacher Jonathan Edwards

The Other North American Empire…France

1608: Quebec founded

Control entire Mississippi River Valley

Population only 70,000 (1 million British colonists)

How did French colonies differ from British?

French & Indian War

Great Britain v. France British attempts to evict

the French from Ft. Duquesne fail

New British PM William Pitt stunts French success

Iroquois now supporting British

Decisive British victory in Quebec

Aftermath of War

Britain: all territory east of Mississippi

Spain: all French land west of Mississippi

France: keep small islands in near Newfoundland & West Indies

Indians: must now deal with British

Proclamation of 1763: Britain forbids colonial expansion beyond the Appalachian Mtns

Tensions Emerge

1761: Britain cracks down on smuggling 10,000 British troops stationed in

America Britain’s national debt doubled from the

war 1764: Sugar Act