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What Actions, Carrots and Sticks does the U.S. use toachieve its foreign policy goals?
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1. Map indicating states and territories and their diplomatic relations with the U.S.* Blue represents the United States.
* Green represents nations with which the US has diplomatic relations.
* Red represents nations with which the US does not have diplomatic relations.* Yellow represents nations that are disputed areas.
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Article II of the ConstitutionThe Executive power shall be vested in a
president of the United States
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8. US FOREIGN POLICY GOALS CAN BE PLACED IN
THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES
National Security EconomicIdeological
Humanitarian
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9. Political Actions Used to MeetUS National Security Goals
Political Actions taken to meet national SecurityGoals :Created the Department of Homeland Defense. Trainmilitary to combat terrorism. Warn foreign nations who harbor terrorists that they
risk invasion unless they stop supporting terrorism.Call for negotiations between two warring countriesthat risk destabilizing an entire region like the MiddleEast
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9. Economic Actions taken to meetNational Security Goals:
Freeze the bank accounts of terroristorganizations and the thoseorganizations that help fund terrorism.
Mount an embargo or tradesanctions/barriers on a country labeled“terrorist friendly. EX. Iran, NorthKorea, IraqPlace nations on Most Favored Nationstatus in order to better trade relations with countries that share U.S. values ormight one day i.e. China
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9. Ideological ways to meet US
national security goals:Support those groups or nations with similar values willing to combat the nations labeled terrorist orenemy by declaring that they are friendly nationsand/ or providing economic support.Recognize and support organizations that supportdemocracy in foreign nations.
Declare the legitimacy or illegitimacy of a foreigncountry’s democracy.
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9. Military Actions Taken to meet
the US’ National Security GoalsThe US builds military bases to protect friendlynations near enemy nations
The US blockades the ships of an enemy nationThe US enforces a no-fly zone denying the abilityfor another country to launch aircrafts.The US overthrows the government of a hostilenation.
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9. Diplomatic Ways the US Meets
its National Security GoalsTreaties signed to reduce weapons of mass destructionor chemical weapons such as the START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) signed between Russia and theU.S.License/forbid the selling or possession of arms tospecific countries. For example, the US and UN placedsanctions on Iraq between 1992 and 2002.U.S. and United Nations call upon International AtomicEnergy Agency of the UN to inspect countries unwillingto follow previously signed treaties.THE US participates in NATO (North Atlantic TreatyOrganization) to meet its and its allies national securitygoals.
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Start Treaty (A treaty to end nuclear proliferationbetween the USSR and the US)- How does this benefit
the common good?
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10. Member Nations of NATO
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11. Ways the US Meets its Economic Foreign
Policy GoalsDiplomatic Actions
THE US participates in the World TradeOrganizations and use to participate GATT(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) inorder to promote free trade between nations byreducing tariffs and taxes on imported goods.
The US supports developing nations throughmembership and support of organizations likethe International Monetary Fund, the WorldBank, the International Red Cross through theUS Agency for International Development.
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12. Ways the US Meets its Ideological
Foreign Policy GoalsPolitical Actions:The US can recognize the sovereignty (independence) of
a new nation.The US call foreign nations undemocratic or labelsnations as being part of an“Axis of Evil”
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Ways the US Meets its Ideological Foreign
Policy Goals
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12. Ways the US Meets its Ideological
Foreign Policy GoalsDiplomatic Actions:
Use of Peace Corps or foreign aid (US AID) to prove Americans are ‘nice’ and make it clear to nation that it
will lose aid if it does not abide.Break diplomatic ties by closing an embassy in a nationthat no longer supports democracy and free trade suchas Iran. Warn US citizens not to visit a nation that does notsupport human rights laws.Promotes fair elections.Embarrass nation by publicly scolding their actions orusing media to broadcast directly to the country’speople about what is taking place.
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Ways the US Meets its Ideological Foreign
Policy Goals
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12. Ways the US Meets its Ideological
Foreign Policy GoalsMilitary Actions: Use force to change regimes or
support opposition leaders to use force
Economic Actions:Trade Barriers or embargos towards country who
don’t ensure Human Rights. EX. Cuba, LibyaCultural Actions: Begin a student exchange
program with students in a friendly country orboycott the Olympics in protest of humanrights abuses
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13. Ways the US Meets its
Humanitarian GoalsPolitical Actions:Support developing nations with organizations such as the Peace Corpsand US AID Agency for International Development, World Bank andIMF
Provide professional and military trainingSign on to international treaties such as the Kyoto ProtocolPublicly scold a country for not doing more to prevent pollution.
Economic Actions:Support by providing access to American marketsProviding financial support through loans and grants.Place trade barriers on products produced in nations with badenvironmental track records.
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13. Ways the US Meets its HumanitarianGoals
Diplomatic Actions:Sign on to international treaties such as the KyotoProtocol to reduce global warming.\ Work with the United Nations UNICEF to aid refugeesand the poor. Allow political refugees to immigrate to the US
Military Actions:Overthrow a government that abuses human rightsusing military force.
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15. Foreign Policy Schools of Thought-Isolationists
The term isolationist is most often used negatively; few people who share itsbeliefs use it to describe their own foreign policy perspective. They believe in"America first." For them, national sovereignty trumps internationalrelations. Many unions, libertarians, and anti-globalization protesters shareisolationist tenets.Isolationists…
Are wary of US involvement in the United NationsOppose international law, alliances, and agreementsBelieve the US should not act as a global copSupport trade practices that protect American workersOppose liberal immigrationOppose American imperialism
Desire to preserve what they see as America's national identity and characterHistorical isolationist: President Calvin CoolidgeModern isolationist: Author/Commentator Pat Buchanan
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15. Foreign Policy Schools of Thought-
Liberal Are wary of American arrogance and hypocrisyTrace much of today's anti-American hatred to previous USforeign policies.
Believe political solutions are inherently superior to militarysolutionsBelieve the US is morally bound to intervene in humanitariancrisesOppose American imperialism
Support international law, alliances, and agreementsEncourage US participation in the UNBelieve US economic policies must help lift up the world's poorHistorical liberal: President Woodrow WilsonModern liberal: President Jimmy Carter
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15. Foreign Policy Schools of Thought- Neo-
Conservative Want the US to be the world's unchallenged superpowerShare unwavering support for IsraelSupport American unilateral actionSupport preemptive strikes to remove perceived threats to USsecurityPromote the development of an American empireEquate American power with the potential for world peace
Seek to democratize the Arab worldPush regime change in states deemed threats to the US or itsalliesHistorical neoconservative: President Teddy Roosevelt
Modern neoconservative: President Ronald Reagan
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15. Foreign Policy Schools of Thought-
Realist Are guided more by practical considerations thanideological visionBelieve US power is crucial to successful diplomacy - and vice versaDon't want US policy options unduly limited by worldopinion or ethical considerationsBelieve strong alliances are important to US interests Weigh the political costs of foreign action
Believe foreign intervention must be dictated bycompelling national interestHistorical realist: President Dwight D. EisenhowerModern realist: Secretary of State Colin Powell
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Analyze the following cartoons:
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