U.S. U.S. Environmental Environmental History History Conservation Conservation Vs. Vs. Preservation Preservation
Dec 16, 2015
U.S.U.S. Environmental Environmental HistoryHistory
Conservation Conservation
Vs.Vs.
PreservationPreservation
Frontier AttitudeFrontier Attitude
Lewis & Clark expedition major influence for Lewis & Clark expedition major influence for “conquer and exploit” attitude of new country“conquer and exploit” attitude of new country
Economic theory not consider conservation or Economic theory not consider conservation or cleanup costs b/c not a large population to cause cleanup costs b/c not a large population to cause enormous costsenormous costs
John James AudubonJohn James Audubon
(1785-1851)(1785-1851) French sea captain sonFrench sea captain son Sent to Philadelphia to Sent to Philadelphia to
escape service in escape service in Napoleon’s armyNapoleon’s army
Dry-goods merchantDry-goods merchant Art/birds hobbyArt/birds hobby Romantic era publishing Romantic era publishing
successsuccess
Henry David ThoreauHenry David Thoreau
(1817-1862)(1817-1862) Harvard educatedHarvard educated TeacherTeacher NaturalistNaturalist Composed Composed Walden Walden
PondPond based on naturalist based on naturalist livingliving
Surveyed/made pencilsSurveyed/made pencils abolitionistabolitionist
Ernst HaeckelErnst Haeckel
(1834-1919)(1834-1919) Physician/professorPhysician/professor Contemporary of Contemporary of
Darwin; studied Darwin; studied embryology, evolution, embryology, evolution, populationspopulations
Nazi’s distorted his Nazi’s distorted his viewsviews
John MuirJohn Muir
(1838-1914)(1838-1914) Naturalist, writerNaturalist, writer Yosemite/Sequoia Natl. Yosemite/Sequoia Natl.
ParksParks Founded Sierra Club, Founded Sierra Club,
natl. conservation natl. conservation organizationorganization
Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt
(1858-1919)(1858-1919) Preservationist/ Preservationist/
conservationistconservationist Established USFSEstablished USFS Increased national Increased national
forests 400%, 21 new forests 400%, 21 new w/ 16 million acresw/ 16 million acres
Antiquities Act to save Antiquities Act to save Grand CanyonGrand Canyon
Gifford PinchotGifford Pinchot
(1865-1946)(1865-1946) 1st. Head of USFS1st. Head of USFS Managed forests Managed forests
scientificallyscientifically Sustainable growthSustainable growth Today, multiple use Today, multiple use
managedmanaged
Franklin D. RooseveltFranklin D. Roosevelt
(1882-1945)(1882-1945) President during Great President during Great
Depression EraDepression Era Fed. Govt. Conservation Fed. Govt. Conservation
ProjectsProjects Established Civilian Established Civilian
Conservation CorpsConservation Corps Established Soil Established Soil
Conservation ServiceConservation Service
Dust Bowl StormDust Bowl Storm
Rachel CarsonRachel Carson
(1907-1964)(1907-1964) Naturalist/scientistNaturalist/scientist 1st woman Editor-in-1st woman Editor-in-
chief of US Fish & chief of US Fish & Wildlife PublicationsWildlife Publications
Studied Studied interrelationships; interrelationships; ecologyecology
Warned of harmful Warned of harmful pesticide effectspesticide effects
Ruth PatrickRuth Patrick
(1910s?-(1910s?- )) Studies diatoms; Studies diatoms;
unicellular algaeunicellular algae Understood link Understood link
between water quality between water quality and diatom presenceand diatom presence
Developed ways to Developed ways to assess water quality assess water quality worldwideworldwide
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.
Variety of DiatomsVariety of Diatoms
ResourcesResources
Raven & Berg. 2004. Raven & Berg. 2004. EnvironmentEnvironment 4th. 4th. http://www.ecotopia.org/ehofhttp://www.ecotopia.org/ehof http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/historhttp://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/histor
y/haeckel.htmly/haeckel.html http://www.acnatsci.org/learn/whoswho/patrichttp://www.acnatsci.org/learn/whoswho/patric
k.htmlk.html http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/fdrbihttp://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/fdrbi
o.htmlo.html
The EndThe End