US CH 19 WW1 part 2

Quiz # 81.1. Name (2) of the main countries on the Central PowersName (2) of the main countries on the Central Powers2.2. Name (2) of the main countries on the Allied powers.Name (2) of the main countries on the Allied powers.3.3. Austria-Hungarian who was assassinated in Serbia.Austria-Hungarian who was assassinated in Serbia.4.4. The name of the assassin who shot the Archduke and his wife The name of the assassin who shot the Archduke and his wife

(refers to question # 3).(refers to question # 3).5.5. Who is the country of Serbia's “biggest” friend? (country)Who is the country of Serbia's “biggest” friend? (country)6.6. Name of the early tactical offensive used against France and Name of the early tactical offensive used against France and

Russia S PRussia S P7.7. Name the neutral country that Germany invaded in order to Name the neutral country that Germany invaded in order to

quickly strike at France. (B)quickly strike at France. (B)8-11. Name the four long-term causes for the breakout of WWI. 8-11. Name the four long-term causes for the breakout of WWI.

RecapRecap

CH.19 CH.19

(Sec. 1–3)(Sec. 1–3)

Trench Warfare Systematic ditches where opposing enemies fought each other

The The Western FrontWestern Front (1914 – 1916) (1914 – 1916)Back and Forth stalemate!Back and Forth stalemate!

MarneMarne = = Allies stop Allies stop German advance on German advance on Paris.Paris.

YpresYpres == Germans use Germans use chemical weapons for the chemical weapons for the first time.first time.

VerdunVerdun = = French hold French hold the line, in the longest the line, in the longest battle of the War.battle of the War.

SommeSomme == Disastrous Disastrous British offensive. Most British offensive. Most casualtiescasualties in 1-day.in 1-day.

MarneMarne

YpesYpes

VerduneVerdune

SommeSomme

The Eastern Front (1914 – 1917)Russian Defensive war

TannenbergTannenberg,, (Aug. 1914) = Huge Russian advance Huge Russian advance blocked by Germany. blocked by Germany.

One asset of Russia: One asset of Russia: large populationlarge population

Germany: knock Russia Germany: knock Russia w/in 3 years out of warw/in 3 years out of war

Americans Question NeutralityAmericans Question NeutralityLet’s go to War!!!!!..... ummmm……but why should we?

WWI was being fought 3,000 miles across the Atlantic Ocean. War did not directly threaten American lives or property. Public opinion was strong / but divided.

1. Economic ties favored Allies U.S. trade with more

than (x2) Germany’s. Ties to former country

(German, Irish). Britain - Shared a common

ancestry, Germany mistreating

“helpless” Belgium.

REASONS for US joining the war

The War hits homeThe War hits home

2. The British Blockade 2. The British Blockade = = Prevented American goods Prevented American goods from getting to Germany. from getting to Germany.

3. Lusitania3. Lusitania = One of the worst One of the worst disasters, a British Liner was disasters, a British Liner was destroyed off the coast of Ireland. destroyed off the coast of Ireland. 1,198 persons lost ~ 1,198 persons lost ~ 128 Americans128 Americans.. The “Arabic” sunk. 2 ~ Americans

drowned. French Passenger Steamer “Sussex”

(1916) sunk. ~ 80 persons lost, some Americans.

Led to US undeclared naval warfare

4.4. Zimmermann noteZimmermann note = Secret telegram from Secret telegram from Germany to Mexico. Germany to Mexico.

1.1. Proposed an alliance with Proposed an alliance with Mexico, Mexico,

2.2. Promised lost land from Promised lost land from USUS

5. 5. Russia becomes Russia becomes DemocraticDemocratic

US declare WAR !! April 2, 1917

America MobilizesAmerica Mobilizes: .

Selective Service Selective Service ActAct = required men required men to register with the to register with the government in government in order to be order to be randomly selected randomly selected for military service.for military service.

General John J. PershingGeneral John J. Pershing= led the American Expeditionary ForceAmerican Expeditionary Force (AEF) in in

combat training /combat training /

Convoy SystemConvoy System = a heavy guard a heavy guard of destroyers escorts merchant of destroyers escorts merchant ships back and forth across the ships back and forth across the Atlantic in groups.Atlantic in groups.

DestroyersDestroyersCruisersCruisers

MerchantsMerchants

War Industries BoardWar Industries Board companies to use mass production companies to use mass production techniques, standard products, set quotas, and allocate raw materials.techniques, standard products, set quotas, and allocate raw materials.

War EconomyWar Economy National War Labor BoardNational War Labor Board pushed to pushed to

improve factory conditions: 8 – hour improve factory conditions: 8 – hour work day, safety inspections, and work day, safety inspections, and enforced the child labor ban.enforced the child labor ban.

PropagandaPropaganda = biased biased communication designed to communication designed to influence people’s thoughts influence people’s thoughts and actions.and actions.

WomenWomen Replace men at workforceReplace men at workforce

Ch.19 Ch.19 WWIWWI

(Sec. 2 + 4)(Sec. 2 + 4)

New WeaponsNew Weapons Tanks Tanks

AirplanesAirplanes

U-boatU-boat

Cont. ZeppelinsZeppelins Machine GunsMachine Guns

(firing at a rate of 600+ rounds per minute).

Poison Gas / Poison Gas / Gas MasksGas Masks

American Troops go on the American Troops go on the OffensiveOffensive

Russia pulls outRussia pulls out of the War in (1917).(1917).

Germany shifts from Germany shifts from East East West. West.

U.S. mounts (2) major offenses:

Saint – Mihiel & Meuse –

Argonne forest.

The Point of No Return:

WarWarWarWar

The Collapse of GermanyThe Collapse of Germany

Austria – Hungary surrenders to the Allies (Nov. 3, 1918)

Germany signs an Armistice (cease fire agreement / truce).

(Nov. 11, 1918)

The “Big Four” (4)

France = Georges Clemenceau

Britain = David Lloyd George

Italy = Vittorio Orlando

U.S. = Woodrow Wilson

Russia = Czar Nicholas Romanov

German= Kaiser William II

Wilson Fights for PeaceWilson Fights for Peace ““Fourteen Points”Fourteen Points”

1. No secret 1. No secret treaties among treaties among nationsnations.

2. Freedom of Seas.2. Freedom of Seas. 3. Free Trade.3. Free Trade. 4. Reduction of 4. Reduction of

armsarms 5. Adjustment of 5. Adjustment of

colonial claimscolonial claims

(6 – 13): (6 – 13): Boundary Boundary ChangesChanges – self determination

14. A 14. A League of League of NationsNations = = international international organization to organization to settle disputes settle disputes and prevent and prevent future war.future war.

““Treaty of Versailles” (June 28, 1919)Treaty of Versailles” (June 28, 1919) Established new Established new

nations:nations: Poland Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia

Austria and Hungary divided into two small nation

Took land from Russia Finland Lithuania Estonia

Germany can’t maintain an Army.

Germany losses land- given to France

Germany stripped of all colonial possessions

Germany has to pay war Reparations = War damages ($33 billion worth).

.

War Guilt Clause = Forced Germany to admit sole responsibility for starting WWI.

Treaty’s WeaknessesTreaty’s Weaknesses

Humiliated Germany.

Russia was not included in the Treaty and they lost land

Other allied members: Japan was ignored

The Final Toll:The Final Toll: Estimated 22 million Estimated 22 million

deaths (more than ½ deaths (more than ½ civilians)civilians)

20 million wounded20 million wounded 10 million refugees.10 million refugees. $338 Billion in $338 Billion in

economic costs.economic costs. U.S. losses:

48,000 men in battle. 62,000 dying from

diseases. 200,000+ wounded. U.S.U.S.

RussiaRussiaRussia

PolandPoland CzechCzech RomaniaRomania

Examples:Examples:

ActivityActivity Using a “German” point of view on the WWI. Review and examine the “Treaty of Versailles” Students will construct a (5) sentence paragraph

(complete & detailed), by referencing the major points & weaknesses listed in the “Treaty of Versailles”. Was it Fair or Unfair?

WRITE UR NAME ON UR SECTION WRITE UR NAME ON UR SECTION PLS : )PLS : )

Points to Ponder: Did Germany start the war? NODid Germany start the war? NO Was Germany the only country fighting on the central Was Germany the only country fighting on the central

powers? NOPE.powers? NOPE. Why were they the only ones punished badly? (paying Why were they the only ones punished badly? (paying

money, lossing land, admitting guilt, being humilitated)money, lossing land, admitting guilt, being humilitated)

Germany did in fact though, cause most of the allied Germany did in fact though, cause most of the allied casualties… YEScasualties… YES

Germany invaded Belgium early on to attack France… Germany invaded Belgium early on to attack France… YESYES

War was a result of an Austria assassination by a War was a result of an Austria assassination by a Serbian…. No Germans (it was Austria vs. Serbia)Serbian…. No Germans (it was Austria vs. Serbia)