Urochordates = Tunicates = Sea squirts Protochordates include (See figure 2-2 in text)

Urochordates = Tunicates = Sea squirts

Protochordates include

(See figure 2-2 in text)

Underappreciated beauty of tunicates

NotochordDorsal hollow nerve cord

Pharynx with endostyle

Muscular post anal tailAdhesive

surface

Larva “stands on its head”and attachesto surface

Urochordate larva – diagrams don’t do it justice!

Cephalochordates = Amphioxus = Lancelets

(See figure 2-2 in text)

Living Agnaths - Lamprey

Hagfish

Where’s the link to protochordates?

Lamprey larva = Ammocoetes

Tunicate larva

See figure 3-6

Lamprey- Vertebrate Ectoparasites

Estimates of 30-40lbs of fish killed by a lamprey in adult life span

Human influences 1800’s Erie canalWeeland canal around Niagra falls !

Lamprey Control: Exploiting basic natural history

Lamprey Control: Larvicides and spawning barriers

AKA Slime eels!

Even Hagfish can be beautiful!

Ordovician Agnaths - Ostracoderms

Myllokumingia Haikouichthys

A Recent Surprise – Vertebrates (or at least Craniates)in the Cambrian!!!!