ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS PANCREAS 1) EXOCRINE PORTION - COMPOUND ACINOUS GLAND - EACH ACINI CONSIST OF 5-8 PYRAMIDAL CELLS THAT SIT ON A BASAL LAMINA AND SURROUND A CENTRAL LUMEN ACINAR CELLS - BASALLY LOCATED NUCLEI & RER - SUPRANUCLEAR GOLGI ZONE - ZYMOGENIC GRANULES CONTAINING DIGESTIVE ENZYMES IN APICAL REGION CENTROACINAR CELLS - LINE LUMEN OF ACINUS - SECRETE LARGE AMOUNTS OF BICARBONATE
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ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
PANCREAS1) EXOCRINE PORTION
- COMPOUND ACINOUS GLAND
- EACH ACINI CONSIST OF 5-8 PYRAMIDAL CELLS THAT SIT ON A BASAL LAMINA AND SURROUND A CENTRAL LUMEN
ACINAR CELLS
- BASALLY LOCATED NUCLEI & RER
- SUPRANUCLEAR GOLGI ZONE
- ZYMOGENIC GRANULES CONTAINING DIGESTIVE ENZYMES IN APICAL REGION
CENTROACINAR CELLS- LINE LUMEN OF ACINUS
- SECRETE LARGE AMOUNTS OF BICARBONATE
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
PANCREAS1) EXOCRINE PORTION
INTERCALATED DUCTSPANCREAS H&E
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
PANCREAS2) ENDOCRINE PORTION
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
LIVER
PORTA HEPATIS
PORTAL TRIAD
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
LIVER
CLASSIC LOBULE PORTAL LOBULE LIVER ACINUS
- central vein at center
- hexagonal in shape
- portal triad at corners
- portal triad at center
- triangular in shape
- central vein at corners
- short axis: branches of portal triad between 2 classic lobules
- long axis: between 2 central veins
LIVER
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
LIVER
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
GALLBLADDER
ROUTE OF BILE
HEPATOCYTE
BILE CANALICULI
RT & LT HEPATIC DUCTS
COMMON BILE DUCT
FILLING OF GALLBLADDER
- LOCATION FOR CONCENTRATION AND STORAGE OF BILE
URINARY SYSTEM: I
TO IDENTIFY THE COMPONENTS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
TO EXAMINE THE HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE NEPHRON AND THE COLLECTING DUCTS
TO CORRELATE STRUCTURE OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS WITH FUNCTION
URINARY SYSTEM: I
TO CHARACTERIZE THE GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE KIDNEY
URINARY SYSTEM
KIDNEY
ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE AND BLOOD SUPPLY
URETER
BLADDER
URETHRA
- highly vascular (25% cardiac output)- produces urine (water and elctrolytes,
urea, uric acid, creatinine), initially an ultrafiltrate of the blood
URINARY SYSTEM
KIDNEY
1) EXOCRINE PORTION
2) ENDOCRINE PORTION
- synthesis and secretion of erythropoietin (regulation of red blood cell formation)
- synthesis and secretion of renin (hormone necessary for control of blood pressure and blood volume)
URINARY SYSTEM
KIDNEY (ORGANIZATION)
- RENAL HILUM, PELVIS, AND SINUS
- RENAL CAPSULE
GROSS STRUCTURE:
- RENAL CORTEX
- RENAL MEDULLA
M
C
URINARY SYSTEM
KIDNEY (ORGANIZATION)
CORTEX
MEDULLA
- region immediately beneath renal capsule- composed of two distinct regions:
(1) CORTICAL LABYRINTH
(2) MEDULLARY RAY
- located immediately beneath renal cortex
- consists of triangular blocks of tissue called the PYRAMIDS
- RENAL COLUMNS are strands of cortical tissue that extend down between adjacent pyramids
RC
P
PP
P
P
PP
URINARY SYSTEM
KIDNEY (ORGANIZATION)
P
PP
P
P
PP
RENAL LOBE- a single pyramid with its associated
overlying cortex
RENAL LOBULE- defined within cortex and involves a
single medullary ray (central axis of lobule) with adjacent adjacent cortical labyrinth
- defined as a functional unit that consists of a collecting duct and all the nephrons that it drains
Cortical Labyrinth with interdigitating Medullary Rays
URINARY SYSTEM
THE NEPHRON & COLLECTING DUCTS
URINARY SYSTEM
THE NEPHRON & COLLECTING DUCTS
1) THE NEPHRON
2) COLLECTING DUCTS
a) RENAL CORPUSCLE
- distributed throughout cortex and various zones of medulla
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE + GLOMERULUS
b) PROXIMAL TUBULECONVOLUTED AND STRAIGHT PORTIONS
c) HENLE’S LOOPTHICK AND THIN PORTIONS
d) DISTAL TUBULESTRAIGHT AND CONVOLUTED PORTIONS
URINARY SYSTEM
THE NEPHRON & COLLECTING DUCTS
CORTICAL LABYRINTH
1- RENAL CORPUSCLES2- PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES3- DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES
MEDULLARY RAY
1- STRAIGHT PORTIONS OF PROXIMAL TUBULE (THICK DESCENDING)
2- STRAIGHT PORTIONS OF DISTAL TUBULE (THICK ASCENDING)
3- COLLECTING DUCTS
CORTEX:
URINARY SYSTEM
THE NEPHRON & COLLECTING DUCTS
OUTER ZONE
INNER ZONE
MEDULLA:
1- STRAIGHT PORTIONS OF PROXIMAL TUBULE (THICK DESCENDING)
2- STRAIGHT PORTIONS OF DISTAL TUBULE (THICK ASCENDING)
4- COLLECTING DUCTS
3- THIN SEGMENTS OF LOOP OF HENLE (DESCENDING & ASCENDING)
2- COLLECTING DUCTS
1- THIN SEGMENTS OF LOOP OF HENLE (DESCENDING & ASCENDING)
URINARY SYSTEM
BLOOD FLOW (KIDNEY)AORTA
RENAL ARTERY
INTERLOBAR ARTERIES
INTERLOBULAR ARTERIES
ARCUATE ARTERIES
AFFERENT ARTERIOLES
GLOMERULAR CAPILLARY BED
EFFERENT ARTERIOLES
RENAL LOBULE
- run between lobes in medulla
- run parallel to bases of pyramids at the corticomedullary junction
- delineate lateral limits of renal lobules
- supply blood to glomerulus
- drain blood from glomerulus and form either peritubular capillary plexus (cortex) or vasa recta system (medulla)
URINARY SYSTEM
BLOOD FLOW (KIDNEY)
VENA CAVA
RENAL VEIN
INTERLOBAR VEINS
INTERLOBULAR VEINS
ARCUATE VEINS
RENAL LOBULE
- run between lobes in medulla
- run parallel to bases of pyramids at the corticomedullary junction
- delineate lateral limits of renal lobules
PERITUBULAR CAPILLARY PLEXUS
VASA RECTA SYSTEM
URINARY SYSTEM
Gaa
ea
IA
G
G
BLOOD FLOW (KIDNEY)
URINARY SYSTEM
THE NEPHRON & COLLECTING DUCTS
1) THE NEPHRON
2) COLLECTING DUCTS
a) RENAL CORPUSCLE
- distributed throughout cortex and various zones of medulla
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE + GLOMERULUS
b) PROXIMAL TUBULECONVOLUTED AND STRAIGHT PORTIONS
c) HENLE’S LOOPTHICK AND THIN PORTIONS
d) DISTAL TUBULESTRAIGHT AND CONVOLUTED PORTIONS
HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
URINARY SYSTEM
THE NEPHRON & COLLECTING DUCTS
1) THE NEPHRON
2) COLLECTING DUCTS
a) RENAL CORPUSCLE
- distributed throughout cortex and various zones of medulla
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE + GLOMERULUS
b) PROXIMAL TUBULECONVOLUTED AND STRAIGHT PORTIONS
c) HENLE’S LOOPTHICK AND THIN PORTIONS
d) DISTAL TUBULESTRAIGHT AND CONVOLUTED PORTIONS
HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
URINARY SYSTEM
RENAL CORPUSCLEBOWMAN’S CAPSULE + GLOMERULUS
1. BOWMAN’S CAPSULE:
- the beginning of the nephron that consists of a blind sac lined with simple squamous epithelium that is continuous with the PCT
- parietal layer & visceral layer (specialized)
2. GLOMERULUS:
- specialized tuft of capillaries which housed in the capsular space (10-20 capillary loops)
- blood flowing through glomerulus capillaries undergoes a filtration process to produce the initial urine filtrate
FILTRATION APPARATUS OF KIDNEY
URINARY SYSTEM
RENAL CORPUSCLEBOWMAN’S CAPSULE + GLOMERULUSFILTRATION APPARATUS OF KIDNEY
VASCULAR POLE
URINARY POLE
GLOMERULUS (FILTRATION MEMBRANE):
1- fenestrated capillaries; discontinuous endothelium; fenestrae have a diameter of 500-1000Å and lack a diaphragm
2- continuous basal lamina
3- podocytes of visceral layer; processes contact basal lamina and are separated by slits measuring approximately 250Å
URINARY SYSTEM
RENAL CORPUSCLEBOWMAN’S CAPSULE + GLOMERULUSFILTRATION APPARATUS OF KIDNEY
GLOMERULUS (FILTRATION MEMBRANE):
prevents RBC’s and large MW proteins from leaving circulation, while most other blood constituents pass easily into the capsular space
MESANGIAL CELLS
- phagocytic cells with a surrounding matrix that lend structural support to the glomerulus
URINARY SYSTEM
RENAL CORPUSCLEBOWMAN’S CAPSULE + GLOMERULUSFILTRATION APPARATUS OF KIDNEY
GLOMERULUS (FILTRATION MEMBRANE):
1- fenestrated capillaries
2- continuous basal lamina
3- podocytes
PODOCYTE
1° process
2°pedicels
