Urbanization

What is Urbanization

Urbanization is the physical growth of rural or natural land into urban areas as a result of population immigration to an existing urban area.

The Causes of Urban Growth Push Factors Lack of educational facilities Lack of job opportunities Lack of health facilities Lack of Sui gas, electricity and

sewerage system Land lord system Unequality Low living standard Old traditions

Pull FactorsBetter and higher educational facilities Better and more of job opportunities Better health facilities Availability of Sui gas, electricity and

sewerage system Better living standard

The Urbanization Curve

large shifts of population from rural areas to towns and cities in response to the creation of an urban economy.

As the urban percentage reaches above 60, the curve begins to flatten, approaching a ceiling of around 80 percent.

This is the level at which rural and urban populations appear to reach a functional equilibrium.

Effects

Economic Effects Environmental Effects

Urban structure It is the arrangement of land use

in urban areas. Sociologists,economists, and

geographers have developed several models.

explaining where different types of people and businesses tend to exist within the urban setting.

The Burgess Model

The theory, proposed by E. W. Burgess (1926), that urban land use may be classified as a series of concentric zones.

In which he describes different concentric

zones which is located in this model.

The (Homer) Hoyt Model

The sector model also known as the Hoyt model is a model of urban land use proposed in 1939 by economist Homer Hoyt.

While accepting the existence of a central business district, Hoyt suggested that zones expand outward from the city center along railroads, highways, and other transportation arteries.

Different zones of Sector model

The Multiple Nuclei Model

Harris and Ullman (1945) argue that land use patterns do not grow from a single central point in a city but from multiple points or nuclei.

Some of these points existed before the city began to row, while others develop as the city grows.

Zone of this Model

They suggested about multiple Nuclei Model that zones develop around a number of separate nuclei such as railway stations and industrial complexes.

Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman have combined the concentric zone and sector theories in multiple Nuclei model and added some other ingredients in explaining the pattern of land uses.

Other zones of multiple nuclei modelResidential condition Low class, middle class, high class. Industry – No one(small scale)Industrial park – No one. Open places present Commuter belt, mix up within city No zone of transition.

Nucleus or CBDThe term nucleus refers to any attracting

elements around which growth of residential, business, industrial or other takes place.

One nucleus within walled city which is traditional bazaar.

Another Nucleus is cant bazaar in cant area serving surrounding areas.

In spite all of theses CBD’s,

There are factories and mills like cotton, sugar and floor mills which are also part of the Multiple Nuclei model.

Multiple Nuclei also means many centers which serves its surrounding settlement.

These nuclei could be of many kinds like hospital, Educational centers and business centers or any kind of shop.