Urbanization

Urbanization and its

health effects on urban areas

URBANIZATION : THE PHYSICAL GROWTH OF URBAN AREAS AS A RESULT OF GLOBAL CHANGE.

Environmental

Housing

Social

Lifestyle

Combined factors of individual issues may cause health problems to evolve

Emerging health problems

environmental factors

Global changes Other problem related to over population

Environmental problems

air ,water ,noise pollution

ozone depletion

food safety

natural source depletion

Climate changes

Health Problems Poor air – asthama, alergy

unclean water – transmission of infections disease through water supply (water food born diseases)

Climate changes- extreme heat and cold

Noise –sleep disturbances

Social Social problem lead to health

problem Social services Overcrowding Lack of resources Poverty Unemployment Lack of education Crime Mental , health problems Voilence

Accidents- alchol

Malnutrition caused by poverty

Suicide -lack of health , mental services

Injuries caused by drugs or stress

ill health obstacle to social economic development . Poor people live shorter lives.

Lifestyle Major killers related lifestyle Problems caused by several factors lack of education access to health care access to social services poverty overcrowding stress (non communicable disease such as heart disease, cancer

obesity and diabetes)

Priority

Healthy schools

Water supply

Health and hygiene education

Garbage removal and disposal

Drainage and sanitation

Income generation

Low Cost HousingLOW COST HOUSING IS A NEW CONCEPT WHICH DEALS WITH EFFECTIVE BUDGETING AND FOLLOWING OF TECHNIQUES WHICH HELP IN REDUCING THE COST CONSTRUCTION THROUGH THE USE OF LOCALLY AVAILABLE MATERIALS ALONG WITH IMPROVED SKILLS AND TECHNOLOGY WITHOUT SACRIFICING THE STRENGTH, PERFORMANCE AND LIFE OF THE STRUCTURE

Major causes of High Building Costs

• EXPENSIVE MATERIALS

• LACK OF NECESSARY BUILDING SKILLS

• DESIGNS

• MATERIAL SELECTION

• BUILDING METHODS

• EQUIPMENT'S

Areas from where cost can be reduced

1) REDUCE PLINTH AREA BY USING THINNER WALL .

2) USE LOCALLY AVAILABLE MATERIAL IN AN INNOVATIVE FORM LIKE SOIL CEMENT BLOCKS IN PLACE OF BURNT BRICK.

3) USE ENERGY EFFICIENCY MATERIALS WHICH CONSUMES LESS ENERGY LIKE CONCRETE BLOCK IN PLACE OF BURNT BRICK.

4) USE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY MATERIALS WHICH ARE SUBSTITUTE FOR CONVENTIONAL BUILDING COMPONENTS LIKE USE R.C.C. DOOR AND WINDOW FRAMES IN PLACE OF WOODEN FRAMES.

5) PREPLAN EVERY COMPONENT OF A HOUSE AND RATIONALIZE THE DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR REDUCING THE SIZE OF THE COMPONENT IN THE BUILDING.

6) BY PLANNING EACH AND EVERY COMPONENT OF A HOUSE THE WASTAGE OF MATERIALS DUE TO DEMOLITION OF THE UNPLANNED COMPONENT OF THE HOUSE CAN BE AVOIDED.

Methods• RAT – TRAP BOND WALL

• CONCRETE BLOCK WALLING

• SOIL CEMENT BLOCK TECHNOLOGY

• FILLER SLAB TECHNOLOGY

URBANIZATION AND MENTAL HEALTH

Urbanization affects mental health through the influence of increased stressors and factors such as overcrowded and polluted environment, high levels of violence, and reduced social support.

Impact of urbanization is associated with an increase in mental disorders. 

Migrants were much more likely to report depressive symptoms than non-migrants, presumably due to family separation and reduced social support.

The detrimental impact of migration on mental health existed only for solo migrants, but not for migrants accompanied by family members.

In addition, migrants often face increased life and work-related stressors and unfavorable working environments, as they have to cope with new conditions and are over-represented in labor-intensive jobs.

The elevated stress tends to put migrants at higher risksfor stress-related health deficits.

The detrimental impact of migration on mental health existed only for solo migrants, but not for migrants accompanied by family members.

In addition, migrants often face increased life and work-related stressors and unfavorable working environments, as they have to cope with new conditions and are over-represented in labor-intensive jobs.

The elevated stress tends to put migrants at higher risksfor stress-related health deficits.

KSHITIJA MHATRE (12ARC16)

AROH THOMBRE (12ARC40)

HEENA CHOUGULE