URBAN TRANSPORT SCENARIO OF YANGON, MYANMAR Ye Thu Win Shobhakar Dhakal 1
URBAN TRANSPORT SCENARIO OF YANGON, MYANMAR
Ye Thu WinShobhakar Dhakal
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Contents
• Yangon transport sector• Energy and emission from transport sector• Current issues and problems• Future possibility for passenger transport• Institutional and policy barrier • Future direction of mobility
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Background Info
• For FY 2013-2014,GDP = 12,334 Billion Kyats
= 12.3 Billion US$• 22.8% of National GDP
• 7.36 million population
• For Yangon Region
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JICA(2013)
1000 MMK= 1US$
Background Info
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JICA(2013)
1535 km2
Yangon Transport Sector
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Public Buses
Passenger Cars
Yangon Circular Railway
Taxi
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Past Passenger Vehicle Number Trend
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
2011 2012 2013 2014
Past Passenger Vehicle NumberTrend
GasolinePassenger Cars
DieselPassenger Cars
CNG Passenger Cars
Yangon Transport sector
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Modal share in Yangon in 2009
JICA(2013)
2
84
14
Modal share in 2001
Train Bus Passenger
2
75
23
Modal share in 2014
Train Bus Passenger
Our estimation: Based on survey results and interview on respective authorities
Yangon Transport sector• Before 2011, there was the control of vehicle import• Old model cars over 20 years old cars are not allowed in
Yangon City Development Committee Area (YCDC)• All buses in Yangon are CNG converted vehicles since
2005• Prohibition of motorcycle in YCDC area• No national air quality standard • No vehicle emission control standard• Annual renewal of permits required for motor vehicles
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Structure of Yangon’s passenger transport sector
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Transport Sector
Road
Rail
Passengers
Buses
GasolineDieselCNG
CNG
Diesel
Survey table: vehicle km and fuel efficiency by vehicle types
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annual vehicle km travelled(km)
fuel efficiency (km/l)(km/kg for CNG)
Gasoline Passenger Vehicles 29230 9.24
Diesel Passenger Vehicles 27892 9.26
CNG Passenger Vehicles 54057 11.45
Energy Demand Estimation
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Our estimation: Based on survey results and information from Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
2011 2012 2013 2014
TJ
Energy Demand
Diesel TrainCNG BusCNGDieselGasoline
-
0.200
0.400
0.600
0.800
1.000
1.200
1.400
1.600
1.800
Gasoline Diesel CNG CNG Buses Train
GJ/
pass
-km
GJ/pass-km by vehicle type
Emission Estimation
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Based on IPCC Default Emission Factors
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2011 2012 2013 2014
in k
ilo to
nne
CO2 equivalent emission
CO2 N2O CH4
-
0.020
0.040
0.060
0.080
0.100
0.120
Gasoline Diesel CNG CNG Buses Train
kg/p
ass-
km
kg CO2eq/pass-km by vehicle type
Current Issues and problems• Poor Public Transport System• Traffic congestion
• No enough parking space• Limited road capacity • Undisciplined driving behavior
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0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
population trend(in million)
Increase in demand of private vehicles
Future possibility for passenger transport
• Taxi Management • Introduction of water taxi• Introduction of Bus Rapid Transit System and improving existing bus system
• Improving and expanding circular railways• Road capacity expanding, inner ring and outer ring
• Restraining private transport
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Future possibility for passenger transport
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Inner Ring based on existing circular railways
Upper layer road infrastructureLower layer Train
Outer Ring to support inner ring
Source: Interview with personnel from YCDC
Institutional and Policy Barrier• Institutional arrangement for integrated approach
• Ma Hta Tha (Central Supervisory Committee for Motor Vehicle and Vessels)
• Myanmar Railway• Yangon City Development Committee
• Region Minister For Transport and Communication
• Yangon Road Transport Authority Department (RTAD)
• Yangon Region Public Works and Department of Human Settlements and Housing Development under Ministry of Construction
• Yangon Region Traffic Police under Ministry of Home Affairs
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BUS System
Existing circular railways
Urban Planning
Yangon Region Security and Smooth Transport Supervisory Committee
Urban Planning
Vehicle registering and driving license
Traffic Control and Enforcement and Safety
Seven organizations
Future direction• Modal shift to circular railways
• Improve Bus Network with integrated approach
• Large tax control over vehicles with engine power greater than 2000 CC
• To avoid strong lock-on possibility, transport/urban planning need to consider energy and environmental issue
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References• Google Earth Image• JICA. (2013). A Strategic Urban Development Plan.
Yangon : Japan International Cooperation Agency.• Go-Myanmar.com• Respective government ministries and departments in
Yangon
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