Urban redevelopment pattern a study of Jadibuti node, Kathmandu

Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node

Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)

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Chapter 1. Introduction

1.1 Importance of urban development

Urban area is more vibrant in terms of activities. Because of urbanisation, cities

having high population densities, there is busy life, heavy traffic movement on

roads, polluted environment, people having packed schedule. To minimise the stress

full life of city dwellers, it is necessary to have urban development in context with

designs and physical infrastructure developments in Jadibuti to sustain itself in terms

of node and towns.

Residential areas & the commercial centres are the primary focus of urban

development. Urban development occurs by expansion into unpopulated areas

and/or the renovation of decaying regions.

Urban Development helps cities create sustainable mechanisms for future growth.

Urban development in Jadibuti is the most necessary things now. Communication

and social interaction among large numbers of people occur in development area.

Their main role is being loci of socialization in the city and also they are the stages

where alternative cultures perform in the public realm of the city. They are dynamic

urban spaces which are always subjected to transformations of the city and its

inhabitants.

Space created for use where people can enter for individual or public interests

without social discrimination. If well organised, it will help to enhance cohesion of

community life, positively change the public behaviour, and increase the community

awareness, promote individual identity and have a certain degree of local cultural

meanings.

Urban development is often deemed a practice of expansion when cities spread into

new areas. However, within a city itself, urban development takes on a different

meaning. When compared with Jadibuti node, urban communities can appear to be

the most developed in terms of commercial and business developments, open

spaces, accessibility, city image and faster access to the latest technology.

1.2 Introduction of Jadibuti Node



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Figure: Jadibuti Node

1) About the Jadibuti

History tells that the Koteswor,Narephante, old Thimi gave their contribution in

the growth of the town Jadibuti. It belongs to the ward-35, of Kathmandu

district, with population of 7600 as per the census-2013.

It is also connected to the different road which links to Narephante,Pepsicola,

Bhaktapur and to the Capital city. Jadibuti town is famous for small industries

like Slate dipo and wooden products, Pushpanjali hall, and mainly by Jadibuti

herbal complex, which is the National herbal production centre.

2) Location of Jadibuti

E Th v o f om h

mean sea level is 4268 ft and the eye altitude is 9066 ft.



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Figure: Location Map of Jadibuti node

3) Historical Background

The rapid change in Kathmandu valley can be seen by comparing the sattelite images of the

valley taken at different time. The sattelite images of 1967, 1979, 1992, 2001 and 2012 are taken

to study the change in landuse pattern of the site area Manhara, Jadibuti.

The history itself shows there is a gradual change from 1967 till today. Sattelite image 1967

shows that the Manhara river is flowing from Northeast to Southwest. The both sides of the

Manhara river is surrounded by a green belt and only few land are used as a houses. There is no

provision of any bridges or road networks in the Manhara, Jadibuti area.

No permanent structures and built forms available. Only agriculture land is available. Only few

foot trails are found on that time. The route was from old Thimi.

JADIBUTI AREA

(study area)



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Figure: Corona Sattelite Image of Kathmandu, 1967(Source: Genesis Consultancy)

Sattelite image 1979 show changes in landuse pattern near Manhara river, and the road network

was developed which was linked from Koteswor to Bhaktapur of 2 lane; similarly the road was

found to be interconnected to the old Thimi. Built form was fairly developed with the

establishment of Puspanjali hall and establishment of airport as a greatest achievement.

Surrounding ring road was constructed.



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Figure: Sattelite Image of Kathmandu, 1979(Source: Mohan Moorti Pant, Khwopa Engineering

College)

Sattelite image 1992 shows, there are variation on landuse pattern near Jadibuti area. Increase in

built form like Jadibuti complex. Buildings & streets are the most visual features found on this

location.



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Figure: Sattelite Image of Kathmandu, 1992 (Source: Genesis Consultancy)



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Sattelite image 2001 shows Pushpanjali hall, Jadibuti herb complex was found in that area. The

settlement pattern was changed into cluster settlement on the way to Pepsicola chowk. Children

Park was found behind the existing fuel station. New settlement found near Narephat. Many

agriculturable land was converted into building plots.

Figure: Sattelite Image of Kathmandu, 2001(Source: Genesis Consultancy)



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Sattelite image 2013 shows that there is a rapid changes from 2001, which has destroyed most

part of the agriculturable land into plots and many plots were converted into buildings, residence

and market at Jadibuti and near Manhara river. At the period of 11 years, the land was

completely changed, landpooling project was found to be active towards southern part in

Manhara, Jadibuti area from 2003. Squatter settlement was found at 2007 at the bank of Manhara

river, Jadibuti. The land structure is changed into compact form and mostly green area was

changed into plots.

The road network which is of 2 lane is started to convert into 6 lane highway from Nov, 2008

and end at April 2010. Slate dipo was found at both the sides of bridge and few near to Jadibuti

chowk. Jadibuti is becoming a urban node for development and a access for transportation from

intersection of roads which is interconnected to old Thimi through Araniko Highway. The green

environment is degrading due to increase in buildings and its surrounding.

Figure: Sattelite Image of Kathmandu, 2013 (Source: Genesis Consultancy)



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1.3 Manhara River of Jadibuti

Figure: Manhara river of Jadibuti

1.4 Growth of the Jadibuti area

The growth of the town Jadibuti during 1967 A.D is of dispersed settlement. After

1979 A.D, the growth started along the Pepsicola and Lokanthali, which give the

birth to the Jadibuti area when there was found to be Jadibuti herbal centre.

The Kathmandu city grew further and the town Jadibuti emerged. As the city grew,

and when there is a provision of accessibility, the Jadibuti town is formed and

extended into cluster settlements. Because of better accesibilty after 2007, a 4 lane

highway with 22 metre width bridge, the system of road is changed and from 2 lane

converted into 4 lane road system.

It belongs to the ward-35, of Kathmandu district, with population of 7600 as per the

census-2013. (CBS,2013). It is well connected by Araniko highway of four lane.



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Jadibuti is the main node to enter old Thimi from Pepsicola and enter different

districts.

Chapter 2. Research Background

2.1 Need of the Research

I. Lack of Recreational area

As per the size of the city, it comes under the category ward-35, Kathmandu

district. But from the municipal boundaries, there is a lack of proper physical

infrastructures and open spaces in the Jadibuti town; only 0.001% of the total

area was shown for recreational purpose since no land was selected for

recreational area by the governments and the developers.(source: Manhara land

pooling office,Teku)

Though there are land available, but due to poor concentration by the local

community in development process, the squatter and slums had captured and

settled in the form of residence in the selected site area of the Jadibuti town.

Hence to overcome the shortage of open spaces, commercial centres, it is

identified that the city is having potential for development of recreational space

with commercial centres with basic services & facilities in terms of the area to

build the structures near waterfront and sustain for the future. The Manhara river

shows great potential development like other waterfront in Valley, which has

exemplifies by the terms of development in the cities.

2.2 Development potential of the Jadibuti Node

Jadibuti is bounded by Manhara river in the Eastern side though flowing from

Northern side to Southern side. Due to the barriers from slums and squatters in the

selected site area for, it posses a great potential development. Even though the

Kathmandu valley is growing rapidly and its accessibilty from the road network is

proper in terms of development process. The Manhara river can contribute in the

growth of the Jadibuti towns after giving some following consideration.

i. Strength:

Good road network/ and a Araniko Highway

Gate way to enter different districts via Tinkune-Suryabinayak 6

lane highway

Manhara river

Present of open land near riverside and land pooling area

Strategic locations of prominent views ie. Visual spatial image



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ii. Weakness:

Lack of pedestrian & foothpath

Lack of provision like physical infrastructure planning

Lack of commercial centres, business & facilities like parks,

greenary preservations, and open spaces

Encroached by slums and squatters in nearby land of Mahara river

Encroached by slums people to do business like slate and dumping

material

Lack of new designs and developments

iii. Opportunity:

Commercially potential zone

Presence of large vacant spaces and open area

Potential of development of landmark

Can be developed as to form a city image by developing new

technology designs to sustained the Jadibuti node

Riverfront development along Manhara river

Strategic views of Jadibuti will be retained/protect

Natural riverfront conservation with green belts

iv. Threats:

River pollution/ sewage disposal

Lack of urban design guidelines to manage and regulate urban

growth in the study area

Limited scope of prevailing bylaws to address improving these

strategic location

Slums and squatter settlement creating unpleasant scenario in the

study area



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Lack of awareness and physical matters, destroyed the natural

green belts and converted into concrete jungles

2.3 Issues & Problems

Figure: Dumping site store Figure: Shops like Slate dipo

Figure: Direct dumping in the land Figure: Squatter settlement (encroached)

Figure: Direct discharge of city sewage Figure: Direct dumping of the solid waste



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Figure: Manhara river with un-managed gabion creating flood prone zone in locality

Chapter 3: Aim, Objective and Methodology

3.1 Aim

Enhance the share of urban spaces by effective utilization of available land along the

River by restoring the natural waterfront: Jadibuti

3.2 Objective

1. Identification of the potential development in the Jadibuti.

2. Creation of usable open space for recreational purpose and commercial centres.

3. Identify the suitable recreational facilities & commercial centres to be proposed

on the study area

3.3 Methodology

Jadibuti as the case area has been selected because there is a Manhara river which

influences of waterfront development pattern. After that selection of stretch has been

done based upon the width, location, surrounding activities etc., with the aim of area was

delineated to carry out the study, in data collection there has primary survey and

secondary data collection has been done.

After that in analysis mapping, identification of issues and problems, area analysis,

surrounding Landuse analysis has been done. In next stage after identification of

strategies proposal has been given. The Proposal consists for the development of land

along the riverfront and the potential identification for different activities. Main idea

behind the proposal is to provide vibrant recreational activities & commercial centres to

the city people. Mainly proposal based for pedestrian and ecofriendly use of activities.



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FIGURE: METHODOLOGY DIAGRAM

Basis: Location, Width,

Depth, Surrounding Landuse,

Delineation of river Fronts

(Land available in between

river and adjacent road)

Mapping: Landuse detail,

Area analysis, Ownership &

Encroachments details

Identification of Issues &

Problems

Under utilization of land,

Waste disposal,

Encroachments, Health issues

etc.

Selection of Case Area

Aim & Objectives

Selection of Stretch

Data Collection

Analysis

Identification of

potential land

Creation of usable

Recreational space

Identification of suitable

activities for developed

land

Primary and secondary

data survey(landuse,

data collection);

Manhara landpooling;

ward office

Proposals

Construction

of retaining

wall

Recreational areas

Pedestrian lane Navigation Revenue generation

activities

Land filling Parks, gardens Foothpath, Jogging Commercial shops, restaurants & bar



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Chapter 4: Literature Study

4.1 Thapathali waterfront development pattern( A case study)

Figure: location map of Thapathali

This place is situated in Bagmati,

Central, Nepal; its geographical

coordinates are 27° 43' 0" North, 85° 19'

0" East. Thapathali links the business of

Lalitpur and Kathmandu. The

connectivity at the Thapathali crossing

guarantees an easy reach all across the

central business district whether it be

new road, Singha durbar or Jawlakhel.

Figure: Junction of Thapathali



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The surrounding area of the Junction is a mixed use communities with commercial centres with

basic services and facilities. Those are the commercial areas mostly known as common business

districts; the area is used by slums and squatters and the area is divided into different landuse

form as there is a religious place known as Kalomochan, cited in the above figure with hospital

area and offices and super structures built in these area. This area is much developed in the case

of waterfront development. The area covers the physical infrastructure development with

sustainability future.

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT AT THAPATHALI

In 1967 AD, there was wide Bagmati River with narrow bridge. Less built form was seen along the river.

Figure: surrounding and zoning in the junction



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In 1992 AD, there found wide Bagmati River with narrow bridge. Gradually built form was increasing

than the earlier one. Thapathali college was established 1972 AD by German contribution.

Figure: Satellite Image of Thapathali, 1992AD (Source: Genesis Consultancy)




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In 2001 AD, the Bagmati River change towards narrow form. Dense built forms seen along the river line.

A new bridge is added along the old bridge (1993/1994).




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In 2012 AD, Wide River changes into narrow form. A new bridge is added along the old bridge

(1993/1994). Dense built forms, squatter settlement and road found along the river.


4.2 Kuching waterfront, Sarawak, Malaysia

Kuching's waterfront is a significant commercial area where trading activities concentrated

along Main Bazaar and Gambier Street areas on the south bank, with the Astana and Malay

villages around it on the north bank of Sarawak River. This project studies the landscape

redevelopment of the riverside marketplace to revitalize the environment for commercial,

recreation and tourism benefits. The marketplace serves as public realm that displays local

characters and helps to promote the place to outsider. However, the issue of duplication and

homogenization of waterfronts have result the development do not fits well into the city and



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meets the needs of the people. Moreover, the market place faces traffic congestion, poor

facilities and illegal structure construction, which disturbs the visual quality of the place. The main objective of this redevelopment proposal is to strengthen the commercial and

recreational activities which reflects character, social, culture and identity of the place. The

design considers visual character and quality of the place as a riverside marketplace. Social

and cultural events and festivals as well as history and architecture of the place are the

important aspects of the design.

The design concept is festive market which represents the positive cultural traits, trading

activities for seasonal and diurnal times displaying a variety of daily and local products in

the colonial buildings, Chinese shop houses and also the new amenities provided. The

master plan comprises of three zones including transition area, dry market and wet market

that reflects different characters and functions in each location.

The design applies a metaphor of ripple originating at a square (Teluk Sampan) and the

development spreads to east and west in Dayak art motives. The wet market is comprised of

meat and vegetable markets and a traditional market.

At the traditional market the spatial arrangement is derived from longhouse architecture

where the apartment and loft stand for the market historic building, the gallery (Ruai) and

(Barok) stand for the semi open market stores, and the deck (Tanju) stand for the open

spaces towards the river. In addition, the extension bridges enclosed the jetty that served as

viewing platform and linkage to the promenade.

Finally, the lookout tower as a focal point at (Teluk Sampan) allowed viewing vistas to all

over the waterfront compound. This project will revitalize the waterfront, enhance the

quality of life and meet the demand of healthy environment for public involvement.



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Source: http://fabserver.utm.my

4.3 Conclusion

After the study of all above case areas, it is clear that water bodies can be used for social

purpose, along the Jadibuti, Manhara River vibrant activities can be developed for public

and commercial use, which includes waterfront parks, pedestrian lane, markets, some

activities for the revenue generation, etc. Development of land along the Manhara River

will helpful in social integration, cultural development, & can change the character of

the city.

http://fabserver.utm.my/



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Chapter 5: Identification of the Potential Land

5.1 Surrounding Landuse detail along the Manhara river

One town and two town area is known as major retail commercial zone in the city.

Jadibuti is known from the Jadibuti herbal complex situated at the nodal point as T

junction, commonly said as Jadibuti town. Jadibuti is also famous for Slate dipo and

stone products. The main common reason to identify the Jadibuti towns is its surrounding

landuse.

Residential Landuse is dominant in the other parts of the city. Waterfront are the

backbone for the growth of the city. Among all three cities, Manhara River is passing

through the core area of the city with major Landuse of commercial and Residential.

Maximum lands abutting river is either occupied by slums or used as dumping place in

Jadibuti, Manhara area. Few plots are developed as lanpooling which is not properly

maintained.

Targeted blight removal and beautification of the areas surrounding the waterfront may

become necessary so as to create a more receptive context for new investment.The

landuse around the Jadibuti is found to be mostly the retail shops with groceries and

shutters to do business. There is found to be a water purifying office located at 400 m

from the Jadibuti chowk towards Lokanthali; and similarly there is the automobile

maintainence and repairing centre with wooden furniture and some few local lodge found

nearby Puspanjali hall. The landuse pattern seems few commercial centres only with

residential developments as a case of urban sprawl.



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Pepsicola

Koteswor Bhaktapur

Figure: Street network

5.2 Reason behind the selection of Jadibuti

Among all three cities, Manhara River has been selected for the development of available

land and the private lands by landpooling abutting the river.

1. There is possibilities, that the selected site Jadibuti will be developed in the sense

of basic services, amenities and facilities, physical infrastructure and other

provision as like the Thapathali area which has developed and became a Common

business districts for business and development.

2. This river transverse the selected site area Jadibuti and the city.

3. Maximum activity can be concentrated along the Manhara river due to Araniko

highway and accessible of proper roads from different districts.

4. Available land along the Manhara river accessible by roads.

5. Jadibuti node will be successful in comparison to Thapathali case. There are many

such possibilities to grow, develop and design the Jadibuti area for its

sustainability like Thapathali, but few things should be taken into consideration

like urban districts, local infrastructure planning, preservation of greenary belts

and river conservation and new designs.

6. Land reclaimed by riverfront development will largely be allocated for free and open

public use; more than 25% of riverfront land will become public infrastructure,

recreational parks, sports facilities, and vast new gardens.

Jadibuti Urban

node



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7. The Manhara Riverfront will enhance the distinctive character of Jadibuti towns,

significantly improving the quality of life for residents and enhancing Jadibuti

value as a destination for institutions, investment, education opportunities, and

tourism; and from the conservation and preservation point of view.

8. This designstudio studies the landscape redevelopment of the riverside

marketplace to revitalize the environment for commercial, recreation and tourism

benefits.

9. The place serves as public realm that displays local characters and helps to

promote the place to outsider

Components of a waterfront:

The key components considered for waterfront development are set out below:

Recreational amenities / Entertainment

Park area

Commercial complex

Landscaping

Hardscaping

Paths

Seating facilities

Pergolas and shelters

River conservation



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Figure: Animated photo image to show the development will be the same along Manhara river.



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Figure: Canary Wharf, London- Waterfront development pattern

Figure: Kongens Nytorv Square serving as the gateway to Nyhavn, Copenhagen's top waterfront.



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5.3 Delineation of the Study area

For the development of land abutting Manhara River, different land use has been

identified i.e. vacant land, encroached land and developed land along the river. Most

important things have been found that all lands are available either in between the river

and adjacent road or in between river and pure residential area. As per the existing land

use along the river, area has been delineated for study purpose according to the following

considerations:

1. Land which comes in between existing roads (running parallel to the river)

2. At some locations plot boundary of residential plots has been considered for

delineation. (the action of indicating the exact position of a border or boundary)

A. Existing area classification under the Delineated area

Under the delineated area there are four types of land use i.e. land for circulation,

vacant land is used for dumping, encroached land under slum and developed area

through land pooling. In area calculation circulation area has not considered. There

would not be any intervention in circulation area.

OBSERVATIONS

Municipal is not showing interest in waste management due to which

Manhara river became a waste dumping site.

20% of the land along the river is occupied by slum people.

Developed lands by land pooling are not well maintained.

Manhara river is accessible through roads.

Residential activities are dominant along the river.

Due to the lack of proper management, river became the breeding place of

Mosquitoes & flies due to stagnated waste water during the off season (April

to July).

POTENTIAL

Since this river passes through the city with major Commercial & Residential

zones, riverfront can be developed for Recreational purpose, so that people

can spend some leisure period.



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Riverfront are encroached by slum settlements, after rehabilitation of slums,

river berms can be developed for recreation purpose.

Since river is passes through the area with dominant Landuse & high density,

there is more chance of getting users.

Minimum & Maximum width of the river is varying from 40 M to 60 M, so

after stream line the water course by construction of retaining wall, reclaimed

land can be generated for the further development.

Due to the dominancy of Residential Landuse, average land value along the

river varies from Rs. 15 lakh per Aana to 24 lakh per Aana.

Rise in price of land in jadibuti landpooling area( In 2001, the land price of

front location is Rs. 5,00,000 per Aana and backside location was Rs. 3,00,000

per Aana, but in today’s context, after landpooling the price of land is

increased and near highway, the price of land is Rs. 15,00,000 per Aana and

the back side plot rate is Rs. 8,00,000 per Aana.

B. Existing Slum Settlement within the Delineated area

Manhara river, Jadibuti is easily accessible; passes through the residential zone and

availability of land. These factors are responsible for the generation of livelihood to

the poor people. Because of these factors poor people have been encroached the land

abutting river. There are around 900 poor people living in ~0.5Ha of land along the

river. This settlement has been seen all along the river from North to South sides. The

existing slum settlement has opened slate dipo as well as the dumping material store

nearby the Manhara river.

C. Traffic flow Analysis along Jadibuti area

Traffic flow analysis is most necessary to calculate the flow in the peak hour as well

as day hour to understand and predict how much people travel from this highway to

reach their destinations and the most important thing is to know how much the

busiest road is- in the sense to know the accessibility and potentiality of these

Jadibuti area.

By traffic flow analysis, we can design the waterfront development pattern in

Jadibuti area by making a provision of the basic services and facilities with the help

of designs to preserve the city image of Jadibuti as well as these trafic data will help

us to know the actual information about flow of automobiles per day, which will be

the helpful data for designing process.



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(Source: According to the Traffic police, Koteswor, the per day flow of vehicles

from different districts within the route of Bhaktapur, Pepsicola, old Thimi meeting

at Jadibuti and similarly from different districts entering from Kalangki to Koteswor

to Bhaktapur and from Baneswor entering to Araniko highway through Jadibuti,

found to be 50,000)

Increasing number of private and public vehicles necessitate the construction of

overhead crossing and also available of Jadibuti chowk.

Morning flow: 10 -10:30 am

Vehicles moving from Koteshwor to Bhaktapur (145) is more than Bhaktapur

to Koteshwor (94) in the morning

Evening 5:00 – 5:30 pm

Koteshwor to pepsicola(61) is less than Pepsicola to Koteshwor and

Bhaktapur(67)

From Bhaktapur to Koteshwor(63) is less than Koteshwor to Bhaktapur(116)

From Two wheeler Four wheeler >four wheeler

A to B 86 53 6

B to A 51 36 7

A to C 39 17 5

B to C 23 09 1

C to A & B 47 18 2

Total 246 133 21

(sum total:400)

Table 1: Morning time: 10.00 am to 10.30 am (Denotation: A-Koteshwor, B-Bhaktapur,

and C- Pepsicola)

Assuming No. of Automobiles (2W, 4W, >4W) be 500 as 100% (base index) at different

interval of time, then at peak hour (morning), the flow of traffic is 80%, from the above

data.



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Figure: route showing point of observation towards the destination

Afternoon flow: 2:00-2:30 pm

From Bhaktapur to Koteshwor(35) is less than Koteshwor to Bhaktapur(37)

From Koteshwor to pepsicola (20) is less than pepsicola to Koteshwor and Bhaktapur

(42).


A to B 20 12 5

B to A 17 15 3

A to C 15 13 1

B to C 9 11 2

C to A & B 19 16 7

Total 80 67 18 (sum total: 165)

Table 2: Afternoon time: 2.00 pm to 2.30 pm (Denotation: A-Koteshwor, B-Bhaktapur,

and C-Pepsicola)


interval of time, then at afternoon, the flow of traffic is 33%, from the above data.



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Figure: route showing point of observation towards the destination

Evening flow: 5:00 -5:30 pm


A to B 83 39 7

B to A 46 15 2

A to C 39 27 3

B to C 14 07 1

C to A & B 16 11 3

Total 198 99 16 (sum total: 313)

Table 3: Evening time: 5.00 pm to 5.30 pm (Denotation: A-Koteshwor, B-Bhaktapur, and

C-Pepsicola)


interval of time, then at evening, the flow of traffic is 62.6%, from the above data.



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Figure: Traffic flowing from different routes

D. SERVICE RADIUS



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The picture shows that the public vehicles are easily from the sites. All of the four pockets have

two bus stops at Jadibuti chowk and near fuel station. The bus stop at Jadibuti chowk requires 1

minute walking distance from the Puspanjali hall and aprroximately 10 minute from the

Pepsicola chowk. The total area of the study area is 161678.66 sq. meters (317-12-3-1.82).

Maximum 10 minutes require from the edge point of the site. It needs 2 min from the edge of site

and 2 min from Dial Community to reach the bus stop near fuel station.

S.No Description Year Remarks

1 Jadibuti complex 1979-1992 1981/82

2 Puspanjali hall 1967-1979 1979

3 Park 1998-2001

4 Squatter settlement 2001-2012 2007

5 Dial community 2007

6 Fuel station 1992-1998 1998

7 Slate dipo 2001-2012

8 Dumping site 2001-2012

9 Manahara 2001-2012 2003

AREA AROUND BUS STOP

SERVICE RADIUS

COMMON BUS STOP

Figure: service radius

Figure: showing the road and footpath



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Table 4: Services & facilities in the

study area

The people from the site of left region come to the Jadibuti chowk for public vehicles and

remaining site to bus stop at fuel station. Both the bus stop remains common route connected by

bridge.

Figure: Lack of footpath and divider in the road for safety

Figure: City image from different perspectives

land pooling

10 Ghat (ritual place) 2013 2013

11 Residence (dispersed) from 1967

12 Residence

(cluster/compact)

1979-2013 1979



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Chapter 6: Analysis

6.1 Perspective behind the Proposal

Within the study area there are only three types of Landuse (except road network) i.e.

vacant land, encroached land (slums, existing buildings and religious structures) and

developed land as land pooling.

Other than these lands, Reclaimed land can be generated by construction of retaining wall

throughout the river. After cleaning of vacant land and rehabilitation of slums; available

land can be used as a public spaces under which different types of activities can be

proposed for recreation. Proposed activities can be of two types:

a) Purely social purpose i.e. recreational activities without fees and

b) For the purpose of revenue generation i.e. recreational activities with fees. Activities

for the generation of revenue will be helpful in return back of investments involved in

development.

Figure: Perspective diagram for Proposal

Study area

Reclaimed land

Vacant land

Encroached land

Deveoped land

by land pooling

Land for

development

for social

purpose

On street 2W parking lots

Public convenience

Waterfront Park

Pedestrian lane

Flower garden

Recreational purpose

(without fees)

Recreation

al purpose

(with fees)

Markets

Auditorium

Bar & Restaurant

on street parking lots

(source for revenue

generation)



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S.No. Proposals Benefits

A

Retaining wall

To protect the

natural waterfront Helpful in solid

waste management

To prevent the river

becoming a dumping

site

B

Land filling

It will helpful in

reclaiming land along

the river berms.

C

Waterfront park & foothpath

Waterfront Park &

footpath: these two

elements are running

parallel to the river,

offers a unique vista

to the people towards

water body. Along

the river, people can

walk. This segment

along theriverl will

be as active as a

public street.

It can be the place for social integration.



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D Proposal of following activities

1

Gaming zone

It will be a children

attraction zone,

profit/revenue earning,

software based gaming

area, it will be active

recreational area

2

Retail shops

It can be for stationary

items, snacks shops,

book shops, and

handloom or

handicraft shops.

3

Hoarding for advertisement

It will helpful in

getting revenues from city level commercial shops or malls.

4 Flower garden or park In this garden there will

be different types of

flower plants with

landscape design.



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5 Restaurants

In this restaurant

sitting area will be

near to riverfront.

6

Auditorium

To organized cultural

activities & getting

fees from that.

7

Public convenience

All design will be for

all types of users i.e.

children, old age,

disable person

Table 5: Perspectives behind the proposal

6.2 Available land along the river for Development

Along the river there are four types of land is available i.e. unused vacant land, developed

by MLP, encroached land and reclaimed land. Along the river total land generated is

around 16 Ha for the development of river front which constitutes 39% of land is unused

vacant land, 28% of land has been encroached, 7% of land is reclaimed and only 27% of

land has been developed by MLP. Along the river encroachments include Mix Landuse,

Slum settlements, Temple & Parking space under study area. (MLP-Manhara Land

pooling)

6.3 Why Jadibuti: A critical Analysis

The analysis is mainly focussed from the development point of view. Why and how the

Jadibuti node, which is also the transit point to enter different districts can be redeveloped

in different provision of physical infrastructure to sustain it as a city junction in the

highway developed towns. The place like Jadibuti is a emerged town nearby the highway

side and whenever there is any accessibility along the highway, the towns are formed in

the case of Nepal, hence taking these concept, we can say that if the development and

redevelopment is there nearby, then there is the possibilities of development of physical



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infrastructure provision like basic public services, facilities, business centres and

institutional arrangement in that locality.

There are many such possibilities to grow, develop and design the Jadibuti area for its

sustainability like other towns, but few things should be taken into consideration like

urban districts, local infrastructure planning, preservation of greenary belts and river

conservation and new designs.

To form a urban city image, there should be the provision of good infrastructure

developments and new design in the Jadibuti node if and only if the local infrastructure

planning body as well as policy making body gives priority to the important city nodes

like Jadibuti to be redeveloped.

While analysing, we should have a strong point, that why we have taken the Jadibuti

node, which is also the important city node of the districts which links different routes

following Valley. The main critical things is to observe the most important requirement to

form a good image of the cities. Here are few things to be taken under consideration, and

they are:

a) Accessibility

The Araniko Highway is the highway which is serving its facilities in

transportation and this highway is a reason to develop a new society in the

highway locality. Hence accessibility is a point which describes that its a tool

which is helping to grow a cities within nearby highway or we can say if there is

the facilities like road or street network, then there is the most probability of new

development as a society to be formed as a city or towns.



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b) Landmark

Jadibuti place itself is a landmark with different composition in the area. The area

consists of Jadibuti herbal complex, Puspanjali hall, and a place famous for the

slate and stone products in the Valley and the main importance of the Jadibuti is

Manhara river is flowing along the Jadibuti with its importance from the religious

and purity point of view.

The development pattern of the surrounding areas has created to form Jadibuti as

a landmark of the cities. Hence by redeveloping the Jadibuti nodes from the urban

design point of view, the cities can be transformed into a newer form by creating

recreational facilites with basic services, commercial centres, institutional

arrangement like corporate buildings and preserving greenary with along the

Manhara river and preserving the Jadibuti images which would be sustaining from

the development point of view and as a Landmark of the cities image.



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]

c) District Nodes

Jadibuti is playing an important role after the development of Araniko Highway in

the districts to link different districts from the nodal point of view. The place

Jadibuti is a city junction to link Koteswor, Pepsicola along with old Thimi,

Narenphante along with Lalitpur district, Bhaktapur and Capital city and linking

to different districts through Araniko highway in the sense of growing market and

cities with finacial development and rising the economy to preserve the locality

by development of physical infrastructures which will automatically helps to

sustain the cities like Jadibuti.

Hence, Jadibuti nodes redeveloped process from the new designs in the sense that

it should be feasible, efficiency and from the safety pedestrian planning to the

building bylaws as well as from the provision of Transit Oriented development

(TOD) which would help the nodes to sustained but there should be vision to

developed the area and the local people participation to preserve the spirit of the

place which actually is the Jadibuti node itself.



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d) Function with City Image

The role of the Jadibuti nodes is playing important from the different angle point

of view like accessibility, landmark, district nodes and many such other unseen

things which is helping the Jadibuti society in the rapid development process.

There are many things to be known while proposing any places. The analysis

should be strong enough to defence in the sense to preserve the society as well as

to preserve the spirit of the place to identify why actually Jadibuti is taken as a

study area to be redeveloped from the urban design and conservation point of

view. Hence there should be following things to be taken under consideration:

1. Examine the physical dimensions of the Jadibuti concerning its level with

nearby urban rivers and the functions that affect this level

2. Investigate and to establish the key reasons for the existence of factors”

3. The city itself is functioning as a landmark and hence to preserve the city

image, there should be the proper designs which will be helping cities like

Jadibuti to grow and sustained with feasible designs.

Hence, while the functions and city image play a important role to preserve

the natural belts with river conservation along with urban river like Manhara.

The functional importance should be understood before designing any new

redevelopment strategy to stabilize the society in the different function and



Page 43

city image to preserve its own identity and hence demanding for new basic

services, facilities and amenities with proper infrastructure planning.

Figure: Urban image of Jadibuti

Figure: Landmark- A Jadibuti herbal complex, Jadibuti node



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Chapter 7: Design Studio Proposals

I. Perspective behind the proposal

Total available land can be divided for the purpose of Waterfront Park,

pedestrian lane, public & semi-public, commercial and for recreation.

Land distribution has been taken according to UD Guidelines for Public &

semi-public and commercial use but this can be varying as per the

available land and surrounding Landuse.

For land allocation major emphasis has been given on the activities which

will be benefited to the social purpose. In commercial, retail shops are

allowed. Parking lots will be provided as per the proposed activities.

II. Potential of developable land for different activities

Potential of the available land has been decided by considering three factors

a) surrounding Landuse, b) accessibility and c) area of the land available for

the development.

For detail proposed landuse refer the figure under below:



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III. Comparison: Existing landuse Vs Proposed landuse

Compared situation details with existing landuse and proposed landuse are

listed under table below:

S.No. Existing landuse Proposed landuse

1

Lack of new designs &

developments

Arrangement of new

designs with physical

provision with

developments

2

20% of the land along

the river is occupied by

slum people.

New developments

targeting for

recreational and

commercial purposes

3 River is used only for

dumping purpose

Used for recreational

and parks

4

Developed lands by

land pooling are not

well maintained.

Introducing new

designs with

infrastructure

provisions helps to

sustain all lands

Table 6: comparison: existing landuse Vs proposed landuse

Chapter 8: Recommendation

1. Parking space should be provided as per the requirements of different activities.

2. There should be public convenience at a distance of 200 meter.

3. There should be an individual bin collection system at each commercial unit.

4. In recreational zone, there should be a dust bin at each 300 meter.



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5. Ho g fo v m w ow Ro o y; h wo y

provision of pamphlets for advertisements. Hoardings will be in mono color.

6. Proper pedestrian spaces should be provided for safety and security feeling.

7. Greenary space should be provided to preserve natural beauty and its surrounding

image.

8. To preserve the image of the Jadibuti node and its settlement, there should be the

sustainability of such physical infrastructure provisions by local infrastructure

planning.

9. Environment action plan should be formulated to prevent from pollution and

waste disposal

10. Community involvement should engaged to develop their own towns as in Nepali

sayings: “Aafno gaun aafai banau”



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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Boon, B M (Jan – April 2007); Proposed Landscape Redevelopment for Commercial Riverside

Marketplace along Jalan Bambier at Kuching Waterfront, Sarawak (accessed on: 15 June, 2012)

http://fabserver.utm.my/download/StudentProjectKuchingWaterfront.pdf

Nicholas, S and Rio, V D (April 2006); Park Marina Area Concept Plan Riverfront

Revitalization in Redding, CA (accessed on: 15 May 2012) http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/

Li, M (2003); Urban Regeneration through Public space: Dalian China (accessed on: 15 March

2012) http://etd.uwaterloo.ca/etd/m9li2004.pdf

Rahman, N I A (1997); Development of River Park Planning Model with Application to Islamic

Perspective (accessed on: 14 December 2011, at 03:16 PM)

http://eprints.ptar.uitm.edu.my/2399/1/141_NIK_I_AB_RAHMAN_97_24.pdf

Yasin, A B Md (2011): Developing New Guidelines for Riverfront Development in Malaysia

(accessed on: 3r April 2012 at 12:53 AM)

http://researcharchive.lincoln.ac.nz/dspace/handle/10182/4267

www.wikipedia.org/urban

Funk, J (1985); New Albany Riverfront Development (accessed on: 3rd April 2012 at 12:53 AM)

http://www.bsu.edu/libraries/virtualpress/student/architecture/pdfs/f86_1985funkjames.pdf

Abeles, Phillips, Preiss & Shapiro, Inc. Waterfront Zoning: Issues and Options. New York:

Department of City

Planning & Department of Ports, and Trade, 1 990.

City- Philadelphia. Plan for Philadelphia Riverfronts. Philadelphia: City Planning Commission, 1

985.

Josselyn, M.N., M. Martindale and J. M. Duffield. Public Access and Wetlands: Impacts of

Recreational Use.

Technical Report #9. Tiburon, CA: San Francisco State University, Romberg Tiburon Centers,

Center for Environmental Studies, 1 989. www.academia.edu/urbandevelopment

www.google.com/urban

www.un.org/documents

www.adb.org/development

Ward profile, Kathmandu, Kathmandu metrpolitan office

Central Bureu of Stastistics, Kathmandu for latest data, CBS, 2013

Ministry of local development data and Ministry of urban development for relevant data,

http://fabserver.utm.my/download/StudentProjectKuchingWaterfront.pdf

http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/

http://etd.uwaterloo.ca/etd/m9li2004.pdf

http://eprints.ptar.uitm.edu.my/2399/1/141_NIK_I_AB_RAHMAN_97_24.pdf

http://researcharchive.lincoln.ac.nz/dspace/handle/10182/4267

http://www.wikipedia.org/urban

http://www.bsu.edu/libraries/virtualpress/student/architecture/pdfs/f86_1985funkjames.pdf

http://www.academia.edu/urbandevelopment

http://www.google.com/urban

http://www.un.org/documents

http://www.adb.org/development



Page 48

PROPOSED DESIGNS

MODELS (1:1000)

For drawings, of Jadibuti redevelopment nodes please follow at :

Twitter @ Amit.pokhrel3 ; www.issuu.com/pokhrel; E-mail: [email protected]

http://www.issuu.com/pokhrel

mailto:[email protected]



Page 49

Figure: functions and use with image of the city



Page 50

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost we offer our sincerest gratitude to our Main guide, Dr. Mohan moorti Pant,

and Dr. Bijay K. Shrestha, who have supported us throughout our Design Studio work.

We would like to thank to the officers/staff of Manhara land pooling office and Ward office who

helped us in the secondary data collection.

We would like to express our gratitude to our friends for their possible support in team work and

their suggestion to complete this Design Studio work.

Finally we offer our sincerest gratitude to the people of Jadibuti and their support which helped

us to cross all the hurdles coming in our Studio work.

Amit Pokhrel

Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012

(Purbanchal University, Nepal)

M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation

Batch: 2012-2014



Page 51

ABSTRACT

Ever since the revitalization of the city area has become an urgent issue, especially for the

countries where motorization accelerates the urban sprawl and the center of the city, there has

been a tendency to emphasize the importance of studying the urban development and

surrounding of the locality.

Insight into urban design and conservation, area is essential for theory and development

describing the provision of proper infrastructure. In turn, models can be used to test and compare

different infrastructure designs, both from the perspective of efficiency and safety. To calibrate

these models, data is required such as traffic flow analysis and physical infrastructure designs.

This design studio deals with an approach to estimate the actual urban spaces by effective

utilization of available land along the river by restoring the natural waterfront: Jadibuti. The

objective relates to identification of the potential development along the Jadibuti. A model was

made to describe the surrounding urban environment and proposed design of the urban node

Jadibuti.

The proposed designs and model was derived and developed for common commercial centres

and recreational areas based on actual field measurements of key parameters in the urban area of

Jadibuti node. The model was calibrated on other locations in the city and the CBD area of the

city of Valley and showed that it can be applied with significant efficiency which eventually will

be reflected in the design of redevelopments of the Jadibuti node (study area)



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Figure: City Image of Jadibuti



Page 53

For query, information and research work, please feel free to write on the following

address:

To,

Er. Amit Pokhrel

Urban designer /Civil Engineer

[email protected]

www.issuu.com/pokhrel

you can message via LinkedIn

http://np.linkedin.com/pub/er-amit-pokhrel/69/a5b/9a2/

Thank you for your reading

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.issuu.com/pokhrel

http://np.linkedin.com/pub/er-amit-pokhrel/69/a5b/9a2/

Urban redevelopment pattern a study of Jadibuti node, Kathmandu

Design

urban redevelopment

town jadibuti

jadibuti town

jadibuti complex

jadibuti history

introduction of jadibuti

urban communities

jadibuti area study