Urban morphology

URBAN MORPHOLOGYURBAN MORPHOLOGYBY:BY: NAIBEI PETER NAIBEI PETER UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI –KENYA UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI –KENYA

Comments send to [email protected] send to [email protected]

CONCEPTSCONCEPTS1.1. `Morphology`Morphology`-is as “the study of `-is as “the study of form and processform and process, , growth and formgrowth and form, , form and form and

functionfunction”.”.2.2. urban morphology (U.M) -urban morphology (U.M) -is the study of the is the study of the formform of human settlements and their of human settlements and their

formationformation & & transformationtransformation..3.3. urban formurban form-is the study of the physical characteristics of towns/cities resulting -is the study of the physical characteristics of towns/cities resulting

from an evolutionary process of urban activities and planning action.from an evolutionary process of urban activities and planning action.4.4. Human settlements-Human settlements-is the totality of the human community whether city, town, or

village with all the social, material, organizational spiritual and cultural element that sustain it.

5. Urban fabric The physical aspect of urbanism, emphasizing building types, thoroughfares, open space, frontages, and streetscapes but excluding environmental, functional, economic and sociocultural aspects

6. Urban structure... its the physical complexity of various scale, from individual building, plots, street-blocks, and the street pattern.

7. urban texture the geometrical structure formed by the spatial distribution of urban elements expressed as coarse or fine.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES1.1. Comfort-reduction of stress such as noise, pollutionComfort-reduction of stress such as noise, pollution2.2. Accessibility-movement, transport and communicationAccessibility-movement, transport and communication3.3. Adequacy-basic facilities and servicesAdequacy-basic facilities and services4.4. Diversity and choice- variation of facilities and activities.Diversity and choice- variation of facilities and activities.5.5. Adaptability and stability-resilienceAdaptability and stability-resilience6.6. Aesthetics and imageability-pleasantnessAesthetics and imageability-pleasantness7.7. Interaction and participation-citizen for a, social contact.Interaction and participation-citizen for a, social contact.8.8. Growth and continuity-physical and functional without Growth and continuity-physical and functional without

disconnect from the related/complimentary functions/areas.disconnect from the related/complimentary functions/areas.

TOOLS OF ANALYSISTransect analysis Visual survey ZoningTexture analysis Space syntax analysisConcentric ring SPSS analysis

METHODS OF DATA COLLECTIONGIS data Remote sensing Direct observation Literature review Visual survey

FORMATION OF SETTLEMENTS

resources for housing and fuelnatural resources such as fresh water supplyReliable food sourcesSuitable land for agricultureTrade areasTransport corridors

FORM OF SETTLEMENTS

•The shape and structure•Mode of existence•Design of the settlement•Basic nature•Shaping of the settlement.•Ordering(hierarchy)•Arrangement •The conception-abstract idea/mental symbol.URBAN MORPHOLOGY

SETTLEMENT PATTERNS LAYOUT/STRUCTURE TYPES 1.Dispersed 2.Linear3.Nucleated4.planned

TRANSFORMATION OF SETTLEMENTS

Rapid urbanization,Population GrowthNon-organized settlementsPrimitive organized settlementsStatic urban settlementsDynamic urban settlementsUniversal city

FUNCTIONS OF SETTLEMENT

Regular. Hamleted villages Irregular Urban agglome… Grid Urban outgrowthsRadial centric Semi clustered

DRIVING FORCES

•NEEDS•DEMANDS•EXPECTATION

2. FORM2. FORM• Refers to the shape and arrangement of human settlement

while structure is the way they are organized. Form may be of:

• DESCRIPTIVE ASPECTS OF FORM

• Size, Density, Grain(coarse or fine), shape, pattern and focal organization.

• SETTLEMENT PATTERNS1. Dispersed2. Linear3. Nucleated4. planned

AS A PRODUCT (state of being) AS A PROCESS(state of becoming)1. The shape and structure2. Mode of existence3. Design of the human settlement4. Basic nature

1. Shaping of the human settlement.2. Ordering(hierarchy)3. Arrangement 4. The conception-abstract idea/mental symbol.

LAYOUT/STRUCTURE OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTLAYOUT/STRUCTURE OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT• Regular.• Irregular• Grid• Radial centric

DETERMINANTS OF SETTLEMENT FORM,STRUCTURE AND PATTERN

PHYSICAL CONTROL

FUNCTIONAL FRAME

SOCIAL MILIEU

CULTURAL FACTORS

ECONOMICFACTORS

POLITICALAFFLUENCE

NATURALTopographyClimateGeological factorsMANMADEService distr.Networks, transportation systems, housing, government policy

• Linkages• Channels• Size of

space• Quality of

space functions

• Type of development

• Level of social interaction

• institutions

• Groups• Social

amenities and serv.

• Population

• Common values

• Religious/cultural connotation

Economic linkages such as trading centres, infrastructure

• Degree of dominance

• Command btw ppl/area

• Regionalism

Name of settlement

Size Services

Hamlet Very small

Post office or perhaps none

Village Small Church, post office, school, small shops

Town Quite large

Several shops and churches, doctors/ dentist, bank, high school, supermarket

City Very large

Large railway station, shopping centre, cathedral, large hospital, museum, etc

SETTLEMENTS HIERACHY/

DETERMINANTS OF SETTLEMENT FORM,STRUCTURE AND PATTERN

Type of development

relief Linkages/networks/connectivity

Social factors e.g. population

density Water supply and uses

LAYOUT/STRUCTURE OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTLAYOUT/STRUCTURE OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT

GRID

GRID IRREGULAR

RADIAL-CENTRIC REGULAR

3. VARIABLES3. VARIABLESMACRO- SCALE NEIGHBOURHOOD

SCALEMICRO SCALE

•cultural production and from of the city,

• political control and town form.

• incremental nature of urban morphology and regional change.

• cultural context and orientation of contemporary urban planning..Usually these are within the town/city scale

Covers plot, block, urban form, Central Business District, lot, neighborhood form and typo morphology.

Generally these concepts are a transition between macro and micro scales. They focused on the district/ neighbourhoods level of the urban form.

Related to function, form, urban elements, urban solid and void, aesthetic, pattern, street, square, open land, urban structure and volume.

This kind of concepts more related to street, square and open spaces.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION1.1. Urban Morphology is not and end-state by itself rather:Urban Morphology is not and end-state by itself rather: It has forces against which it acts.It has forces against which it acts. It’s a regulator of function and this the morphology orientation It’s a regulator of function and this the morphology orientation

has a set aim to achieve.has a set aim to achieve. It is one of the important variables as a determinant of the It is one of the important variables as a determinant of the

urban pattern, urban form and urban space components.urban pattern, urban form and urban space components. While the urban form and structure consisted of various While the urban form and structure consisted of various

compositions of physical and spatial elements, urban compositions of physical and spatial elements, urban morphology inquires these forms and relations between morphology inquires these forms and relations between causes and effects of the social forces within. causes and effects of the social forces within.

Expects to explore the differentiation of urban morphological Expects to explore the differentiation of urban morphological approaches in different urban space.approaches in different urban space.

It tries to understand the physical or built fabric of urban form, It tries to understand the physical or built fabric of urban form, and the people and process shaping it .and the people and process shaping it .

To help predict urban changes i.e. small-scale variations and To help predict urban changes i.e. small-scale variations and peculiarities in the urban fabric e.g. new infrastructure.peculiarities in the urban fabric e.g. new infrastructure.