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Urban Food Forestry:Linking People, Nature, and Food in Cities
Reference: Clark, KH & Nicholas, KA. 2013. Introducing urban food forestry: a multifunctional approach to increase food security and provide ecosystem services. Landscape Ecology 28(9)
2Cities and Biodiversity Outlook: Action and Policy 2013
Current trends
Source: U.N. World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision
• Rapid worldwide urbanization• Concerns about food security (particularly in cities)• Climate change potentially exacerbating food insecurity• “Dual burden” of malnutrition• Governments and planners seeking ways to mitigate these issues
4Ch. 1 in Elmqvist et al., 2013
5Ch. 1 in Elmqvist et al., 2013
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Where Fruit Trees Live
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8Foley et al. 2005. Science
Tradeoffs Between Ecosystem Services
Urban Food Forestry (UFF)*
Clark and Nicholas, 2013, Landscape Ecology
* ‘‘the intentional and strategic use of woody perennial food-producingspecies in urban edible landscapes to improve the sustainability and resilience of urban communities.’’
Analyzed over 2000 pages of text from documents from 30 cities
Quotes from UF Plans“When replacing existing trees, we need to take food security issues into consideration by planting diverse varieties of native and non-native food producing trees.” (Victoria, British Columbia)
“the District can protect the biodiversity of wild foods by educating about sustainable harvesting, diversifying Park planting regimens to include fruit and nut trees, addressing regulatory barriers to food production, and promoting shade grown foods to preserve tree cover.”(Selchelt, British Columbia)
2. How are cities planning for UFF?
Clark and Nicholas, 2013, Landscape Ecology
“wildlife” N= 30 urban forestry master plans
80
60
40
20Perc
ent m
entio
ning
con
cept
Andr
ea C
olon
77%
24
City planners recognize benefits of trees for wildlife…