Upgrade of Trigger and Data Acquisition Systems for the LHC Experiments Nicoletta Garelli CERN XXIII International Symposium on Nuclear Electronics and.

Upgrade of Trigger and Data Acquisition Systems

for the LHC Experiments

Nicoletta GarelliCERN

XXIII International Symposium on Nuclear Electronics and Computing, 12-19 September 2011, Varna, Bulgaria

2

Acknowledgment & Disclaimer

• I would like to thank David Francis, Benedetto Gorini, Reiner Hauser, Frans Meijers, Andrea Negri, Niko Neufeld, Stefano Mersi, Stefan Stancu and all other colleagues for answering my questions and sharing ideas.

• My apologizes for any mistakes, misinterpretations and misunderstandings.

• This presentation is far to be a complete review of all the trigger and data acquisition related activities foreseen by the LHC experiments from 2013 to 2022.

• I will focus on the upgrade plans of ATLAS, CMS and LHCb only.

9/13/2011 N. Garelli (CERN). NEC'2011

3

Outline

• Large Hadron Collider (LHC)– today, design, beyond design

• LHC experiments– design– trigger & data acquisition systems– upgrade challenges

• Upgrade plans– ATLAS – CMS – LHCb


N. Garelli (CERN). NEC'2011 4

LHC: a Discovery Machine

9/13/2011

SPS

PS

LHC

LHCb

Alice

ATLAS

CMS

Goal: explore TeV energy scale to find Higgs Boson & New Physics beyond Standard Model How: Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, with possibility of steady increase of luminosity large discovery range

LHC Project in brief• LEP tunnel: 27 km Ø, ~100 m

underground• pp collisions, center of mass E = 14 TeV • 4 interaction points 4 big detectors• Particles travel in bunches at ~ c• Bunches of O(1011) particles each • Bunch Crossing frequency: 40 MHz• Superconducting magnets cooled to 1.9 K

with 140 tons of liquid He. (Magnetic field strength ~ 8.4 T)

• Energy of one beam = 362 MJ (300x Tevatron)


Current Status Design Beyond Design

beam energy (TeV) 3.5 (½ design) 7 (7x Tevatron) -

bunch spacing (ns) 50 (½ design) 25 -

colliding bunches nb 1331 (~½ design) 2808 -

peak luminosity (cm-2s-1) 3.1 1033 (~30% design) 1034 (30x Tevatron) 5 1034 (leveled)

bunch intensity, protons/bunch (1011)

1.25 (>design) 1.15 1.7 3.4 (with 50 ns)

b* (m) 1 (~½ design) 0.55 0.15

LHC: Today, Design, Beyond Design

9/13/2011

b* = beam envelope at Interaction Point (IP), determined by magnets arrangements & powering. Smaller b* = Higher Luminosity

Interventions needed to reach design conditions

LHC can go further Higher

Luminosity

1

2


LHC Schedule Model

9/13/2011

Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

TS HWC Phys Phys Phys TS+MD

Phys Phys Phy TS+MD

Phys Phys TS & Ion

TS

Yearly Schedule• operating at unexplored conditions long way to reach design performance

need for commissioning & testing periods• one 2-month Technical Stop (TS). Best period for power saving: Dec-Jan• every ~2 months of physics a shorter TS followed by a Machine Development (MD)

period necessary• 1 month of heavy ion run (different physics program)

Every 3 years a 1 year long (at least) shutdown needed for major component upgrades… and the experiments?

• profit from LHC TS & shutdown periods for improvements & replacements

• LHC drives the schedule experiments schedule has to be flexible


LHC: Towards Design ConditionsDon’t forget that life is not always easy

Single Event Effects due to radiation Unidentified Falling Objects (UFO), fast beam losses

What LHC can do as it is today: with 50 ns spacing: nb = 1380, bunch intensity = 1.7 1011, b* = 1.0 m L = 5 1033 cm-2s-1 at 3.5 TeV

with 25 ns spacing: nb = 2808, bunch intensity = 1.2 1011, b* = 1.0 m L = 4 1033 cm-2s-1 at 3.5 TeV

Not possible to reach design performance today: 1) Beam Energy: joints between s/c magnets limits to 3.5 TeV/beam2) Beam Intensity: collimation limits luminosity to ~5 1033 cm-2s-1 with E =

3.5 TeV/beam

9/13/2011


LHC Draft Schedule – Consolidation

2013 CONSOLIDATION

Long Shut-Down

• fully repair joints between s/c magnets

• install magnet clamps

E = 6.5-7 TeVL = 1034 cm-2s-1

9/13/2011

• Electrical fault in bus between super conducting magnets caused 19.9.2008 accident limit E to 3.5 TeV

• After joints reparation 7 TeV will be reached, after dipole training: O(100) quench/sector O(month) hardware commissioning

Upgrade Phases

after Shut-Down

LCH activities



• install magnet clamps

LHC Upgrade Draft Schedule – Phase1&2

Long Shut-Down

2013 E = 6.5-7 TeVL = 1034

9/13/2011

Upgrade Phases

after Shut-Down

LCH activities

2017 PHASE 1• collimation upgrade• injector upgrade (Linac4)

E = 7 TeVL = 2 1034cm-2s-1

2021 PHASE 2

• new bigger quadrupoles smaller b*

• new RF Crab cavitiesE = 7 TeVL = 5 1034cm-2s-1

CONSOLIDATION New collimation system necessary to be protected from high losses at higher luminosity


LHC Upgrade Draft Schedule

Long Shut-Down


• install magnet clamps 2013 E = 6.5-7 TeV

L = 1034cm-2s-1

9/13/2011

Upgrade Phases

after Shut-Down

LCH activities

2017 PHASE 1• collimation upgrade• injector upgrade (Linac4)

E = 7 TeVL = 2 1034cm-2s-1

2021PHASE 2

The Super-LHC• new bigger quadrupoles

smaller b* • new RF Crab cavities

E = 7 TeVL = 5 1034 cm-2s-1

3000 fb-1 by the end of 2030x103 wrt today

CONSOLIDATION


LHC Experiments Design• LHC environment (design)

– spp inelastic ~ 70 mb Event Rate = 7 108 Hz

– Bunch Cross (BC) every 25 ns (40 MHz) ~ 22 interactions every “active” BC

– 1 interesting collision is rare & always hidden within ~22 minimum bias collisions = pile-up

• Stringent requirements− fast electronics response to resolve

individual bunch crossings− high granularity (= many electronics

channels) to avoid that a pile-up event(1) goes in the same detector element as the interesting event(1)

− radiation resistant

9/13/2011

(1) Event = snapshot of values of all front-end electronics elements containing particle signals from single BC


LHC Upgrade: Effects on Experiments

• Higher peak luminosity Higher pile-up – more complex trigger selection– higher detector granularity– radiation hard electronics

• Higher accumulated luminosity radiation damage: need to replace components – sensors: Inner Tracker in particular (~200 MCHF/experiment)– electronics? not guaranteed after 10 y use

9/13/2011

Challenge for experiments: LHC luminosity x10 higher than today after second long shutdown (phase 1)

20132014

20172018

20212022


Interesting Physics at LHCFl

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e, G

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4, F

utur

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sear

ch in

Hig

h En

ergy

Ph

ysic

s, T

ech.

rep

11

)GeV 500(

10 1

100

pb

mb

H

tot

mbtot 100 Total (elastic, diffractive, inelastic) cross-section of proton-proton collision

pbH 1)GeV 500(

Cross-section of SM Higgs Boson production

Find a needle …Higgs -> 4mDESIGN ~22 MinBias

9/13/2011

…in the haystack!

BEYOND DESIGN 5x bigger haystack

~100 MinBias


Trigger & Data Acquisition (DAQ) Systems

9/13/2011

• @ LHC nominal conditions O(10) TB/s of data produced– mostly useless data (min. bias events)– impossible to store them

• Trigger&DAQ: select & store interesting data for analysis at O(100) MB/s– TRIGGER: select interesting events (the

Higgs boson in the haystack)– DAQ: convey data to local mass storage– Network: the backbone, large Ethernet

networks with O(103) Gbit & 10-Gbit ports, O(102) switches

• Until now: high efficiency (>90%)

Local Storage

CERN Data Storage

40 MHz

O(10)TB/s

O(100)MB/s

Trigger & DAQ


Comparing LHC Experiments Today

9/13/2011

Experiment Read-out channels

Trigger Levels

Read-Out Links (type, out, #)

Level 0-1-2 Rate (Hz)

Event Size (B)

HLT Out (MB/s)

ATLAS ~90 106 3 S-link, 160 Mb/s~1600

L1 ~ 105

L2 ~ 3 1031.5 106 300

CMS ~90 106 2 S-link64, 400 Mb/s~500

L1 ~ 105 106 600

LHCb ~1 106 2 G-link, 200 Mb/s~400

L0 ~ 106 5.5 104 70

ATLAS: partial & on-demand read-out @L2CMS & LHCb: read-out everything @L1

Similar read-out links

ATLAS

CMS

LHCb


ATLAS Trigger & DAQ (today)

9/13/2011

ATLAS Data

Calo/Muon Detectors

Data-Flow

ATLAS Event 1.5 MB/25 ns

Trigger DAQ

High Level Trigger

ROI data(~2%)

ROI Requests

~4 sec

EF Accept ~200 Hz

~ 200 Hz

~ 3 kHz

Event Filter

Level 2

L2 Accept~3 kHz

SubFarmOutput

SubFarmInput

~4.5 GB/s

~ 300 MB/s

Detector Read-Out

Level 1

FE FE FE

<2.5 s Other Detectors

Regions Of Interest

L1 Accept 75 (100) kHz

40 MHz40 MHz

75 kHz

~40 ms112 GB/s

Trigger Info

CERN Data Storage

Event Builder

ROD ROD ROD

Event Filter Network

ReadOut System

Data Collection Network


CMS Trigger & DAQ (today)

9/13/2011

• LV1 trigger HW:– custom electronics– rate from 40 MHz to 100 kHz

• Event Building– 1st stage based on Myrinet

technology: FED-builder– 2nd stage based on TCP/IP over

GBE: RU-builder– 8 independent identical DAQ slices– 100 GB/s throughput

• HLT: PC farm– event driven– rate from 100 kHz to O(100) Hz

Detectors

Front-End pipelines

Read-out buffers

Processors farms

O(s)

O(s)

40 MHz

100 kHz

100 Hz

High Level Trigger

Level 1Trigger

Mass storage

Switching Networks


Experiments Challenges Beyond Design

• Beyond design new working point to be established• Higher pile-up increase pattern recognition problems• Impossible to change calorimeter detectors (budget, time, manpower)• Necessary to change inner tracker

– current damaged by radiation – needs for more granularity

• Level-1 @ higher pile-up select all interesting physics– simple increase of thresholds in pT not possible: lot of physics will be lost– more sophisticated decision criteria needed

• move software algorithms into electronics• muon chambers better resolution for trigger required• add inner tracker information to Level-1

• Longer Level-1 decision time longer latency• More complex reconstruction in HLT

– more computing power required9/13/2011


DAQ Challenges

• Problem:– which read-out ?– at which bandwidth?– which electronics?

• Higher detector granularity higher number of read-out channels increased event size

• Longer latency for Level-1 decisions possible changes in all sub-detector read-out systems

• Larger amount of data to be treated by network & DAQ– higher data rate network upgrade to accommodate higher bandwidth needs– need for increased local data storage

• Possibly higher HLT output rate if increased global data storage (Grid) allows

9/13/2011


As of Today: Difficult Planning

• Hard to plan– while maintaining running experiments– with uncertain schedule

• Upgrade plans driven by – Trigger: guarantee good & flexible selection– DAQ: guarantee high data taking efficiency

• New technologies might be needed– Trigger: new L1 trigger & more powerful HLT– DAQ: read-out links, electronics &network

• To be considered– replacing some components may damage others – new architecture must be compatible with existing components in case

of partial upgrade9/13/2011


ATLASA Toroidal LHC ApparatuS

9/13/2011

22

ATLAS Draft Schedule – Consolidation

Long Shut-Down

TDAQ farms & networks consolidation

Sub-detector read-out upgrades to enable Level-1 output of 100 kHz

Current innermost pixel layer will have significant radiation

damage, largely reduced detector efficiency

replacement needed by 2015 Insertable B-Layer (IBL) built

around a new beam-pipe & slipped inside the current detector

2013


Upgrade Phases

after Shut-Down

ATLAS Activities

TDAQ related

CONSOLIDATIONE = 6.5-7 TeVL = 1034 cm-2s-1


Evolution of TDAQ Farm• Today: architecture with many farms & network domains:

– cpu&network resources balancing on 3 different farms (L2, EB, EF) requires expertise

– 2 trigger steering instances (L2, EF)– 2 separate networks (DC & EF)– huge configuration

• Proposal: merge L2, EB, EF within a single homogeneous system– each node can perform the whole HLT selection steps

• L2 processing & data collection based on ROIs • event building• event filter processing on the full event

– automatic system balance– a single HLT instance

9/13/2011

To be approved


TDAQ Network Proposal

9/13/2011

• Current network architecture:– system working well– EF core router: single point of

failure– new technologies

• 2013: replacement of cores mandatory (exceeded life-time)

SV

ROSROSROS

XPUXPUXPUXPUXPUXPU

EFEFEF

SFI

SFO

DC

EF• Proposal: merge DC&EF

networks OK with new chassis some cost reductionperfect for TDAQ farms evolutionmixing functionalitiesreduce scaling potential with actual TDAQ farms

configuration

SV

ROSROSROS

PUPUPUXPUXPUPU

SFO

SFI


ATLAS Upgrade Draft Schedule – Phase1

Long Shut-Down

• TDAQ farm & network consolidation• L1 @ 100 kHz• IBL

2013E = 6.5-7 TeVL = 1034cm-2s-1

9/13/2011

Upgrade Phases

after Shut-Down

ATLAS activities

TDAQ related

2017 PHASE 1 E = 7 TeVL = 2 1034 cm-2s-1

Level-1 Upgrade to cope with pile-up after phase-1• New muon detector

Small Wheel (SW)• Provide increased

calorimeter granularity• Level-1 topological trigger• Fast Track Processor (FTK)

CONSOLIDATION


New Muon Small Wheel (SW)• Muon precision chambers (CSC &

MDT) performance deteriorated − need to replace with a better detector

• Exploit new SW to provide also trigger information− today: 3 trigger stations in barrel (RPC) &

end-caps (TGC) New SW = 4th trigger station

− reduce fake − improve pT resolution− level-1 track segment with 1 mrad

resolution

• Micromegas detector: new technology which could be used

9/13/2011 Small Wheel


L1 Topological Trigger

• Proposal: additional electronics to have a Level-1 trigger based on topology criteria, to keep it efficient at high luminosities: Df, Dh, angular distance, back-to-back, not back-to-back, mass– di-electron low lepton pT in Z, ZZ/ZW,WW, H→WW/ZZ/tt and

multi-leptons SUSY modes– jet topology, muon isolation, …

• New topological trigger processor with input from calorimeter & muon detectors, connected to new Central Trigger Processor

• Consequence: longer latency, develop common tools for reconstructing topology both in muon & calorimeter detectors

9/13/2011

Under discussion


Fast Track Processor (FTK)

• Introduce highly parallel processor:– for full Si-Tracker– provides tracking for all L1-accepted events

within O(25μs) Reconstruct tracks >1 GeV

– 90% efficiency compared to offline– track isolation for lepton selection– fast identification of b & τ jets– primary vertex identification

• Tracks reconstruction has 2 time-consuming stages:– pattern recognition Associative memory– track fitting FPGA

• After L1, before L2– HLT selection software interface to FTK output (tracks available earlier)

9/13/2011

Pattern fromreconstruction

Good match betweenPre-stored & Recorded

patterns

Discarded patterns

Pre-stored patterns


ATLAS Upgrade Draft Schedule – Phase2

Long Shut-Down

• Reduce heterogeneity in TDAQ farms & networks

2013 PHASE 0 E = 6.5-7 TeVL = 1034cm-2s-1

9/13/2011

Upgrade Phases

after Shut-Down

ATLAS activities

TDAQ related

2017 PHASE 1 E = 7 TeVL = 2 1034 cm-2s-1

• FTK• L1 Topological trigger

2021 PHASE 2E = 7 TeVL = 5 1034 cm-2s-1

2. Precision muon chambers used in trigger logic dismount as less as possible3. L1 Track Trigger

1. Full digital read-out of calorimeter (data & trigger)• faster data transmission• trigger access to full calorimeter resolution (provides

finer cluster and better electron identification) proposed solution: fast rad-tolerant 10 Gb/s links


Improve L1 Muon Trigger – Phase2Current muon trigger: • trigger logic assumes tracks to come from interaction point (IP)• pT resolution limited by IP smearing (Phase2: 50mm ~150mm)• MDT resolution 100 times better than trigger chambers (RPC) Proposal: use precision chambers (MDT) in trigger logic

– reduce rates in barrel– no need for vertex assumption– improve selectivity for high-pT muons

9/13/2011

• Current limitation: MDT read-out serial & asynchronous Phase2: improve MDT electronics performance (solve latency problem)• Fast MDT readout options:

– seeded/tagged methoduse information from trigger chambers to define RoI & only consider small # of MDT tubes which falls into the RoI. Longer latency

– unseeded/untagged methodstand-alone track finding in MDT chambers. Larger bandwidth required to transfer MDT hit pattern


Track Trigger – Phase2

• Possible to introduce L1 track trigger keep L1 rate @ 100 kHz– combine with calorimeter to improve electron selection– correlate muon with track in ID & reduce fake tracks– possible L1 b-tagging

• L1 track trigger Self Seeded– use high pT tracks as seed– need fast communication to form coincidences between layers– latency of ~3ms

• L1 track trigger ROI Seeded– need to introduce a L0 trigger to select RoI at L1– long ~10ms L1 latency

9/13/2011

New Inner Detector • only with silicon sensors• better resolution, reduced occupancy• more pixel layers for b-tagging


multi-jet event at 7 TeV

CMSThe Compact Muon Solenoid

9/13/2011


CMS Consolidation Phase

Long Shut-Down

Trigger & DAQ consolidation• x3 increase HLT farm

processing power• replace HW for Online DB

2013

9/13/2011

Upgrade Phases

after Shut-Down

CMS activities

TDAQ related

CONSOLIDATION

MuonsCMS design: space for a 4th layer of forward muon chambers (CSC & RPCs)• better trigger robustness in

1.2<|h|<1.8 • preserve low pT threshold

E = 6.5-7 TeVL = 1034 cm-2s-1


CMS Upgrade Draft Schedule – Phase1

Long Shut-Down

2013 E = 6.5-7 TeVL = 1034 cm-2s-1

9/13/2011

Upgrade Phases

after Shut-Down

CMS activities

TDAQ related

2017 PHASE 1 E = 7 TeVL = 2 1034 cm-2s-1

• New pixel detector• Upgrade hadron

calorimeter (HCAL) silicon photomultipliers. Finer segmentation of readout in depth

• New trigger system• Event Builder & HLT

farm upgrade

CONSOLIDATION • Trigger & DAQ consolidation• 4th layer muon detectors

Phase-1 requirements&plans as ATLAS• radiation damage change silicon

innermost tracker• maintain Level-1 < 100 kHz, low

latency, good selection tracking info @ L1+ more granularity in calorimeters DAQ evolution to cope with new

design


CMS New Pixel Detector – Phase1

• New pixel detector (4 barrel layers, 3 end-caps)• Need for replacement

– radiation damage(innermost layer might be replaced before)

– read-out chips just adequate for L=1034 cm-2s-1 with 4% dynamic data loss due to read-out latency & buffer to improve

• Goal– gives better tracking performance– improved b-tagging capabilities– reduce material using a new cooling system CO2 instead of C6F14

9/13/2011


CMS New Trigger System – Phase1• Introduce regional calorimeter trigger

– to use full granularity for internal processing– more sophisticated clustering & isolation algorithms to handle higher

rates and complex events • New infrastructure based on μTCA for increased bandwidth,

maintenance, flexibility• Muon trigger upgrade to handle additional channels & faster

FPGA

9/13/2011

moving from custom ASICs to powerful modern FPGAs with huge processing & I/O capability to implement more sophisticated algorithms

Advanced TelecommunicationsComputing Architecture (ATCA). Dramatic increase in computing power & I/O


CMS Upgrade Draft Schedule – Phase2

Long Shut-Down

2013

9/13/2011

Upgrade Phases

after Shut-Down

CMS activities

TDAQ related

2017 PHASE 1 E = 7 TeVL = 2 1034 cm-2s-1

2021 PHASE 2 E = 7 TeVL = 5 1034cm-2s-1

CONSOLIDATION • Trigger & DAQ consolidation• 4th layer muon detectors

• New pixel detector• Upgrade HCAL silicon

photomultipliers• New trigger system• EventBuilder&HLT farm upgrade

• Install new tracking system track trigger

• Major consolidation of electronics systems

• Calorimeter end-caps • DAQ system upgrade

E = 6.5-7 TeVL = 1034 cm-2s-1


New Tracker• R/D projects for new sensors, new front-end, high speed link (customized

version of GBT), tracker geometry arrangement– >200M pixels, >100M strips

• Level-1 @ high luminosity need for L1 tracking

9/13/2011

~ 1 mm

~ 100 μm

pass fail2

• Delivering information for Level-1– impossible to use all channels for individual

triggers– Idea: exploit strong 3.8 T magnetic field and

design modules able to reject signals from low-pT particles

• Different discrimination proposals to reject hits from low-pT tracks data transmission at 40 MHz feasible:1. within a single sensor, based on cluster width 2. correlating signals from stacked sensor pairs

pass fail1


LHCbThe Large Hadron Collider beauty experiment

B0s meson μ+ μ-

9/13/2011


LCHb Trigger & DAQ Today

9/13/2011

Single-arm forward spectrometer (~300 mrad acceptance) for precision measurements of CP violation & rare B-meson decays

L0e, g

L0had

L0m

HLT1. High pT tracks with IP != 0

Global reconstruction

HLT2. Inclusive & exclusive selection

40 MHz

< 1 MHz

30 kHz

3 kHz

• Designed to run with average # of collisions per BX ~ 0.5 & nb~2600 L ~ 2 1032 cm-2s-1 running with L = 3.3 1032 cm-2s-1

• Reads-out 10 times more often than ATLAS/CMS to reconstruct secondary decay vertices very high rate of small events (~55 kB today)

• L0 trigger: high efficiency on dimuon events, but removes half of the hadronic signals

• All trigger candidates stored in raw data & compared with offline candidates:

• HLT1: tight CPU constraint (12 ms), reconstruct particles in VELO, determine position of vertices

• HLT2: Global track reconstruction, searches for secondary vertices

Event size ~35 kB

HW

SW


LCHb Upgrade – Phase1Interesting physics with ~ 50 fb-1 (design: 5 fb-1):• precision measurements (charm CPV, …)• searches (~1 GeV Majorana neutrinos,

…)

9/13/2011

LLTpT of had, m, e,/y

40 MHz

• 2011: L ~O(150%) of design, O(35%) of bunches

• after 2017: Higher rate higher ET threshold even less hadronic signals

Calo, Muon

1-40 MHzAll sub-detectors

HLTTracking, vertexing, inclusive/exclusive selections

20 kHz

CPU

farm

Cust

om

elec

tron

ics

UPGRADE NEEDED• increase read-out to 40 MHz & eliminate

trigger limitations• LLT will not simply reduce rate as L0, but will enrich

selected sample• new VELO detector• no major changes for muon & calo• upgrade electronics & DAQ

• data link from detector: components from GBTreadout-network made for ~ 24 Tb/s

• common back-end read-out board: TELL40. Parallel optical I/Os (12 x > 4.8 Gb/s), GBT compatible

42

Need for Bandwidth – Phase2

• New front-end GigaBit Transceiver (GBT) chipset – point-to-point high speed bi-directional link to send data from/to counting room at

~5Gb/s– simultaneous transmission of data for DAQ, Slow Control, Timing Trigger & Control

(TTC) systems– robust error correction scheme to correct errors caused by SEUs

• Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA)– point-to-point connections between crate modules – higher bandwidth in output

• Which electronics in 20 y? Will VME be still ok? Do we need ATCA functionality?9/13/2011 N. Garelli (CERN). NEC'2011

Front-End~200 Mb/s BoardBoard

VME

PC

~40 Mb/s

S-link~200 Mb/s

Ethernet1 Gb/s

Read-Out System

Read-out from cavern to counting room

GBT ~5 Gb/s

ATCA

~40 Gb/s

Ethernet ~40 Gb/s


Conclusion

• Trigger & DAQ systems worked extremely well until now• After the long LHC shutdown of 2017: beyond design

– increased luminosity – increased pile-up

• Experiments need to upgrade to work beyond design– New Inner Tracker: radiation damage & more pile-up– Level-1 trigger: more complex hardware selection & deal with longer

latency– New read-out links: higher bandwidth– Scale DAQ and Network

• Difficult to define upgrade strategy as of today– unstable schedule– maintaining current experiments

• One thing is sure: LHC experiments upgrade will be exciting9/13/2011

Upgrade of Trigger and Data Acquisition Systems for the LHC Experiments Nicoletta Garelli CERN XXIII International Symposium on Nuclear Electronics and.

Documents

design conditions lhc

lhc schedule model

lhc ts shutdown periods

nec2011 slide

schedule experiments

improvements replacements

large hadron collider

nec2011 upgrade phases