Upgrade and new Physics PHENIX Chris Pinkenburg for the PHENIX collaboration.

Upgrade and new PhysicsPHENIX

Chris Pinkenburg

for the

PHENIX collaboration

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Constraining Gluon nPDFs

Strong indications of low-x shadowing/saturation physics with d+Au J/, e- correlations, h-h correlations, single muons, electrons, …

And yet, all have final state interactions.

Golden channel direct photon

Using full statistical / systematic constraint method on EPS09 nPDFs, blue bands indicate

projected measurement (1, 2 level)

MPC-EX Direct Photon

Gluon nPDFAu Nucleus

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p+Au with transversely polarized proton

Completely unique RHIC access to saturation physics

p+Au measurement with projected uncertainties in

190 nb-1 |z|<40cm

Testing geometric scaling with Si target nuclei

Comparable uncertainties with 2 week runs

New theory developments… Transverse polarization AN in p+A scales with the saturation scale for pT < Qs

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MPC-EX UpgradeThe PHENIX MPC Crystal Calorimeter (||=3.1-3.8) has played a critical

role in our forward (low-x) and transverse spin physics program

MPC-EX upgrade adds novel silicon tracking / preshower detector to enable direct photon identification and 0 to higher momentum

Beam test in fall, and section installed for

integration tests in Run 14

Full detector available for physics in Run-15

0 rejection (prompt photons)Charged track identification0 reconstruction out to >80GeV

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MPC-EX Section in Situ

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Other MPC-EX measurements• Forward single-track π0

out to higher pT

• Correlations for forward-forward and mid-forward– with single-track π0’s,

prompt photons?

• Jet cluster reconstruction using MPC-EX MIPs– Assume pMIPs ~ 1 GeV/c

• Reaction plane determination with MPC and MIPs in MPC-EX

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Physics & Plans

Physics & Plans

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QCD Weak Case

RHIC Perfect Fluid

Surprise: The Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) created at RHIC is strongly coupled (sQGP) and behaves like aliquid close to the quantum mechanicallimit, not like a gas

The expected weak coupling value for/s is 1-2 orders of magnitude larger

RHIC probes the QGP near 1-2 TC

The Perfect Fluid@RHIC

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Surprise: The Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) created at RHIC is strongly coupled (sQGP) and behaves like aliquid close to the quantum mechanicallimit, not like a gas

The theory of the QGP is not well constrained but at high T we have to move to the weakly coupled regime

The Perfect Fluid@RHIC

?

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Surprise: The Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) created at RHIC is strongly coupled (sQGP) and behaves like aliquid close to the quantum mechanicallimit, not like a gas

The theory of the QGP is not well constrained but at high T we have to move to the weakly coupled regime

How does the Quark-Gluon Plasma transition from Strong to Weak?

Is this transition associated with changes in quasi-particles, excitations, strong fields?

The Perfect Fluid@RHIC

?

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Relating shear viscosity/entropy to the transport coefficient q

^“Small Shear Viscosity Implies

Strong Jet Quenching”A. Majumder, B. Muller, X.N. Wang, PRL (2007)

(derived for weak coupling)

s

Tq

/

25.1ˆ

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“Jet Quenching is a few times stronger near Tc relative to the

QGP at T > Tc.”Liao and Shuryak, PRL (2009)

The surprisingly transparent sQGPat the LHC [compared to RHIC]

Horowitz and Gyulassy NPA(2011)

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Stronger Coupling at RHIC?

Flow data indicate that/s is smaller at RHICThe QGP created at RHIC is more strongly coupled

What are the underlyingchanges in QGP propertiesnear the transition?

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Advantage of Hadronic Calorimetry

ATLAS and CMS heavy ion jetobservables come from

calorimeter measurements

Ability to try different methods(using tracking information)

is a big advantage

Critical to have large acceptance calorimetry with continuous coverage(no gaps,spokes, holes) to see both jets and -jet at very high rate.

Tracking information provides key additional handle for systematic studies

For measurement of fragmentation functions: hadron pT and jet energymeasures are independent

Enables triggering in p+p, p+A without jet bias

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Surface Bias EngineeringThorsten Renk has explored the ability to engineer the surface and

energy loss bias to gain more information

sPHENIX can measure these jets with no minimum pT selection and noonline trigger bias. Thus, one can explore the full range of engineered

geometries. Systematic measurements enabled “tomography”

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Surface Bias Engineering

sPHENIX can measure these jets with no minimum pT selection and noonline trigger bias. Thus, one can explore the full range of engineered

geometries. Systematic measurements enabled “tomography”

sPHENIX

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Au+Au(central 20%)

p+p d+Au

>20GeV 107 jets104 photons

106 jets103 photons

107 jets104 photons

>30GeV 106 jets103 photons

105 jets102 photons

106 jets103 photons

>40GeV 105 jets 104 jets 105 jets

>50GeV 104 jets 103 jets 104 jets

RHIC Jet RatesRHIC Jet Rates

20 weeks of running would yield 50B events, high speed daq on tape80% of dijets within || < 1

NEWSFLASH: The above numbers assume Run 11 performance. Just repeating the RHIC performance of Run14 we can sample 200 B events

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sPHENIX detectorCoverage || < 1.1

6 layer silicon tracking 3 layers refurbished from

PHENIX vtx detector

hermetic electromagnetic and hadron calorimetry

Common Silicon Photomultiplier readout and electronics for CalorimetersFull clock speed digitizers, digital information for triggering available

High data acquisition rate capability (~10kHz)

BaBar magnet 1.5 Touter HCAL provides

flux return

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Calorimeter design

HCAL: Novel tilted plate design!

Magnet 1X0

Inner HCAL 1EMCAL 18X0 1

Outer HCAL 4

Total HCal depth 5 (plus EMCAL 1)leads to few percent energy leakage for

hadrons above 50GeV comparable toother contributions to energy resolution

constant term

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EMCAL SPACAL Option

• Scintillating fiber embedded into tungsten epoxy •18 X0 deep• Moliere Radius 2.3cm cell size• Sampling fraction 2%• Resolution 12%/E• 256x96 = 24576 channels• 500pe/GeV

FNAL T-1018

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HCal:Tilted plates

sideview

• HCal absorber serves as flux return for the BaBar magnet • Straight line from vertex crosses 4 scintillators• Towersize in / 0.1 x 0.1• Prototype build and tested at FNAL• modest energy resolution requirement of 100%/E

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HCal

Tilted PlateEMCal

FNAL Test Beam Exp T-1044

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HCal

Tilted PlateEMCal

FNAL Test Beam Exp T-1044

Energy resolution is good enoughfor jet measurements at RHIC

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Jet studies: Fake Jet Rates

fake jets

True jets

For R=0.2 jets> 20 GeV real jetsdominate HIJING

Details in PRC86 (2012) 024908

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Jet studies: Fake Jet Rates

fake jets

True jets

for R=0.2 jets> 20 GeV real jetsdominate HIJING

Details in PRC86 (2012) 024908

for R=0.4 the lowerlimit is > 35 GeV

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Different bias for quark or gluon jets?

Quark and gluon jets have very different fragmentation functionsIntroducing pT cutoffs in the jetreconstruction (or trigger) will affect quark and gluon jets differently

sPHENIX calorimetric measurementgives the same energy scale and resolution for quark and gluon jets

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Beauty tagged jets

Substantial rate, tagged withlarge displaced vertex identifiedby inner silicon detector

Key tests of mass dependenceof radiative energy loss

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Direct photons

sPHENIX has excellent directphoton capabilities

Nature favors RHIC, in centralAu+Au collisions direct photonsdominate for pT > 20GeV/c

Simple isolation cuts with fullcalorimetry give additionalhandle and enable p+p andp+A comparison measurements

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Upsilons

Quarkonia become unbound at different temperatures depending on their radius –they are sensitive to different colorscreening lengths

Charmonium production becomes large at LHC, making directRHIC/LHC comparisons problematic

The Y(1S), Y(2S) and Y(3S) span a broad range of sizes, accessiblevia e+e- or + - and have similar cold nuclear matter effects. TheyWill not have a large coalescence contribution at RHIC or LHC.Underlying bottom production at LHC similar to charm at RHIC

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Upsilons

Quarkonia become unbound at different temperatures depending on their radius –they are sensitive to different colorscreening lengths

Charmonium production becomes large at LHC, making directRHIC/LHC comparisons problematic

The Y(1S), Y(2S) and Y(3S) span a broad range of sizes, accessiblevia e+e- or + - and have similar cold nuclear matter effects. TheyWill not have a large coalescence contribution at RHIC or LHC.Underlying bottom production at LHC similar to charm at RHIC

The points show the projectedstatistical accuracy for sPHENIX

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Summary

• RHIC probes the QGP at TC where the coupling is strongest

• sPHENIX will measure unbiased jets with full calorimetry, direct photons and upsilons

• We are on track to make this happen by 2021• The acquisition of the BaBar magnet was a game

changer – opening up the possibility to evolve into an EIC detector

2021 2025

PHENIX sPHENIX TBN@EIC

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Backup

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The BaBar Solenoid Magnet The BaBar Solenoid Magnet

Ownership officially transferred to BNLBeing prepared for shipping

Dimensions:•Rinner = 140 cm

•Router – 173 cm•L = 385 cm

Field•1.5 Tesla (Nominal)•Homogeneous in center •Higher field at ends Better forward tracking

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Surface Bias Engineering

sPHENIX can measure these jets with no minimum pT selection and noonline trigger bias. Thus, one can explore the full range of engineered

geometries. Systematic measurements enabled “tomography”

sPHENIXSTAR